Exam 4 Review

Question 1

Antisocial personality disorder

Answer 1

Antisocial personality disorder, sometimes called sociopathy, is a mental disorder in which a person consistently shows no regard for right and wrong and ignores the rights and feelings of others.

Question 2

Asch’s research on conformity

Answer 2

The experiments revealed the degree to which a person’s own opinions are influenced by those of a group. Asch found that people were willing to ignore reality and give an incorrect answer in order to conform to the rest of the group.

Question 3

Bipolar disorder

Answer 3

Bipolar disorder, also known as manic depression, is a mental illness that brings severe high and low moods and changes in sleep, energy, thinking, and behavior.

Question 4

Catatonic schizophrenia

Answer 4

Mental Disorder
Symptoms mostly physical
People are sometimes unresponsive and immobile
Very rigid, stiff, occasionally odd movements
Odd facial expressions
Mimic what others say

Question 5

Cognitive dissonance

Answer 5

the state of having inconsistent thoughts, beliefs, or attitudes, especially as relating to behavioral decisions and attitude change.

Question 6

Compliance strategies

Answer 6

Compliance strategy is about mitigating risk and adhering to rules set by external authorities. Internal mandates arising from new technologies, risk trends, ethics considerations, and line-of-defense coordination are creating opportunities for compliance modernization

Question 7

conformity

Answer 7

In psychological terms, conformity refers to an individual’s tendency to follow the unspoken rules or behaviors of the social group to which they belong. Researchers have long been curious about the degree to which people follow or rebel against social norms.

Question 8

Defining abnormality

Answer 8

Under this definition of abnormality, a person’s trait, thinking, or behavior is classified as abnormal if it is rare or statistically unusual. With this definition, it is necessary to be clear about how rare a trait or behavior needs to be before we class it as abnormal.

Question 9

Dispositional and situational causes of behavior

Answer 9

Dispositional: attributing the cause of people’s behavior to their internal characteristics (e.g. beliefs, personality, attitudes)

Situational: attributing the cause of people’s behavior to external factors (e.g. group pressure, social norms, weather, luck)

Question 10

Freudian defense mechanisms

Answer 10

Anna Freud defined defense mechanisms as “unconscious resources used by the ego” to decrease internal stress ultimately. Patients often devise these unconscious mechanisms to decrease conflict within themselves, specifically between the superego and id.

Question 11

Freudian defense mechanisms examples

Answer 11

Repression- Unkwinlging placing an unpleasant memory or thought in the unconscious

Regression- Reverting back to an immature behavior from an earlier stage of development

Displacement-Redirecting feelings or actions from the intended source to a safer substitute target

Sublimation-Replacing socially unacceptable impulses with socially acceptable behavior

Reaction Formation-Overreacting in the opposite way to one’s true feelings

Projection-Attributing one’s own unacceptable feelings and thoughts to others and not yourself

Rationalization-Justifying actions, thoughts, or unwanted outcomes with excuses or faulty logic

Question 12

Freudian personality theory

Answer 12

His theories encompassed four domains—level of consciousness, personality structure, defense mechanisms, and stages of psychosexual development. 6,7 Freudian theory postulates that adult personality is made up of three aspects:
(1) the id, operating on the pleasure principle generally within the unconscious;
(2) the ego, operating on the reality principle within the conscious realm; and
(3) the superego, operating on the morality principle at all levels of consciousness.

Question 13

Fundamental attribution error

Answer 13

The fundamental attribution error refers to an individual’s tendency to attribute another’s actions to their character or personality, while attributing their behavior to external situational factors outside of their control. In other words, you tend to cut yourself a break while holding others 100 percent accountable for their actions.

Question 14

Generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 14

Generalized anxiety disorder is an anxiety disorder defined by excessive and constant fears and worries about general things that affect the capacity to rest and perform routine activities. The fears and worries in most cases are unfounded when compared to the source.

Question 15

Glove anesthesia

Answer 15

APA Dictionary of Psychology glove anesthesia a sensory conversion symptom in which there is a functional loss of sensitivity in the hand and part of the forearm (i.e., areas that would be covered by a glove).

Question 16

Groupthink

Answer 16

Groupthink is a psychological phenomenon that occurs within a group of people in which the desire for harmony or conformity in the group results in an irrational or dysfunctional decision-making outcome. Cohesiveness, or the desire for cohesiveness, in a group may produce a tendency among its members to agree at all costs.

Question 17

Histrionic personality disorder

Answer 17

A pattern of excessive emotionally and attention seeking

Question 18

Jung’s collective unconscious

Answer 18

The collective unconscious is a concept originally defined by psychoanalyst Carl Jung. Sometimes referred to as the “objective psyche,” it refers to the idea that a segment of the deepest unconscious mind is genetically inherited and is not shaped by personal experience

Question 19

Major depression

Answer 19

a mental condition characterized by a persistently depressed mood and long-term loss of pleasure or interest in life, often with other symptoms such as disturbed sleep, feelings of guilt or inadequacy, and suicidal thoughts. Also called major depressive disorder.

Question 20

Mania

Answer 20

Mania, also known as manic syndrome, is a state of abnormally elevated arousal, affect, and energy level, or “a state of heightened overall activation with enhanced affective expression together with lability of affect.”

Question 21

Milgram’s obedience study

Answer 21

In the 1960s, psychologist Stanley Milgram conducted a series of studies on the concepts of obedience and authority.

Question 22

Panic disorder

Answer 22

a mental condition characterized by recurrent unpredictable panic attacks, typically accompanied by persistent worry about future attacks and changed behavior designed to avoid them.

Question 23

Person-centered therapy

Answer 23

Client-Centered Therapy, also known as Client-Centered Counseling or Person-Centered Therapy, was developed in the 1940s and 50s as a response to the less personal, more “clinical” therapy that dominated the field.