Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Gross Anatomy 2 > Exam 4- Respiratory, Thyroid, Parathyroid > Flashcards

Exam 4- Respiratory, Thyroid, Parathyroid Flashcards

1
Q

what muscle is innervated by the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve?

A

cricothyroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which lung has a cardiac notch?

A

Left lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which lung has a lingula?

A

Left lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which lung has a horizontal fissure?

A

Right lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which lung has an oblique fissure?

A

Both lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which lung has an esophageal groove?

A

Both lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which lung has a groove for the azygous vein?

A

Right lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which lung has part of the pulmonary ligament?

A

Both lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which of the following does not go into the middle nasal meatus?
A. maxillary sinus
b. ethmoidal air cells
c. nasolacrimal duct
d. frontonasal duct

A

c. nasolacrimal duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the flow of air from nostrils to alveoli?

A

Nares
Limen Nasi
Agger Nasi
Choana
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngeal Aditus
Rima Vestibuli
Rima Golttidis
Cricoid Cartilage
Trachea
Carina
Primary Bronchi
Secondary Bronchi
Tertiary Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which cartilage is the largest in the larynx?
Select one:
a. thyroid cartilage
b. arytenoid cartilage
c. cricoid cartilage
d. corniculate cartilage

A

a. thyroid cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What muscle abducts the vocal cords?

A

posterior cricoarytenoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Extension of the left superior lobe of the lung. Is homologous to the middle lobe on the right but is not separated.

A

Lingula of the lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The Upper respiratory tract is made up of?

A

Nose, Nasal cavities, sinuses, pharynx, & larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the upper respiratory tract ends where?

A

At the vocal folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Lower respiratory tract is made up of?

A

Larynx (below vocal folds)
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli make up what structure?

A

The Respiratory/ Tracheobronchial tree

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Connects the root of the nose to the apex

A

Dorsum Nasi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Attaches nose to the forehead

A

Root

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The nasal cavity extends from where to where?

A

External nares to Choanea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The posterior nasal aperture, separated by the vomer. It is the opening between the nasal cavity and the nasopharynx. It is not a structure but a space

A

Choanea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Dilation just inside the nostril. contains sweat, sebaceous glands and hairs

A

Nasal Vestibule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

A vascular network formed by five arteries that supply oxygenated blood to the nasal septum, which refers to the wall separating the right and left sides of the nose

A

kiesselbach’s plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Marks the transition of epithelial types (keratizized to non-keratinized mucosa) in the nasal fossae

A

Limen Nasi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Ethmoid air cells, aka ethmoid sinus, is marked by this point midway between the anterior end of middle concha & dorsum of nose

A

Agger Nasi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the functions of the Conchae?

A
  1. Help air circulate
  2. Filter heavy particulates
  3. Brings more air in contact with mucosa
  4. moisturizes the air, helps dissolve O2 to cross respiratory membrane
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

How many conchae are there

A

usually 3, sometimes 4 (supreme conchae in 60% of people)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What nerve is the only one exposed to the external environment and can readily regenerate?

A

Olfactory nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

cartilaginous ending to the eustachian tube?

A

Torus Tubarius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What portion of the lateral nasal wall receives the maxillary sinus, ethmoid air cells, passage of the front sinus, & the frontal nasal wall?

A

Middle meatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Receives ostium of nasolacrimal duct and is the reason your nose runs when you cry

A

inferior meatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What drains the frontal sinus and is located in the middle nasal concha?

A

Ostium of frontonasal duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What are the 4 paired, paranasal sinuses?

A

Frontal, Ethmoid, Sphenoid, Maxillary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What nerves contribute to the dual innervation of the paranasal sinuses?

A

CN 7- Motor
CN 5- Sensory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Become adenoids when they hypertrophy

A

Pharyngeal tonsils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Passes through the superior and posterior mediastinae

A

Trachea

37
Q

Occurs at approximately the sternal angle (T4/T5)

A

Tracheal Bifurcation

38
Q

Name of a modified tracheal rind supporting the bifurcation

A

Carina

39
Q

There is no cartilage in the bronchi after reaching the what?

A

Tertiary bronchi/Bronchopulmonary segment

40
Q

Name the differences in the R and L bronchi?

A

R= shorter and wider
L= More vertical

41
Q

Space between the parietal pleura and visceral pleura?

A

Pleural Cavity

42
Q

Located between hilus & root of lung, represents reflection of mediastinal parietal pleura onto the lungs

A

Pulmonary Ligament (not actually a ligament, just reflected fascia)

43
Q

Name of the parietal pleura extending over the apex of lung?

A

Cupula

44
Q

Name the medial landmarks of the R lung

A

Cardiac impression
Grooves for- SVC, R BCV, R SCA, Azygos V, esophagus & trachea, and the IVC
Hilum & pulmonary ligament

45
Q

Name the medial landmarks of the L lung

A

Cardiac impression w/cardiac notch
Grooves for- Aortic arch, descending aorta, L SCA, L BCV, Esophagus & Trachea
Hilum & pulmonary ligament

46
Q

Formed by anteroinferior part of superior lobe
homologue of middle lobe of R lung

A

Lingula of left lung

47
Q

Name the 3 major hiatus in the diaphragm and at what level

A

T8- Hiatus for IVC & Terminal branch of R Phrenic N
T10- Esophageal Hiatus, R & L Vagus N (CN X)
T12- Aortic Hiatus, Thoracic duct, Azygos V

48
Q

Name the 3 muscular portions of the respiratory diaphragm attachment sites

A

Sternal- Xiphoid process & transversus abdomius
Costal- Cartilage & bony surface of ribs 7-12
Lumbar- Arises off spine as L & R crura

49
Q

The lateral & medial arcuate ligaments are associated with what two muscles?

A

Lateral- QL
Medial- superior portion of Posas Major

50
Q

What nerves innervate the diaphragm?

A

C3, 4, 5

51
Q

Parasympathetic presynaptic fibers into the diaphragm come from?

A

CN X

52
Q

What can inhibit the bronchodilators and vasoconstrictors of the respiratory system

A

Postsynaptic Sympathetic fibers

53
Q

Muscles of quiet breathing?

A

Diaphragm, internal intercostals, elastic recoil

54
Q

Active/labored inspiration muscles

A

Scalenes, SCM, external intercostals
Serratus anterior, pec minor, traps, lev scap, latissimus dosi
Erector spinare, QL

55
Q

Expiration muscles

A

Serratus posterior, abdominal muscle, pyramidalis, lower traps, latissimus dorsi

56
Q

Layrnx runs between what levels?

A

C4 to C6

57
Q

Speech is a combination of what muscles?

A

Tongue, pharynx, jaw, & facial muscles

58
Q

What are the 4 major cartilages of the larynx?

A

Thyroid Cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Arytenoid cartilages (2)
Epiglottic cartilage

59
Q

Largest larynx cartilage?

A

Thyroid cartilage

60
Q

The cricoid cartilage is a full circle and marks the beginning of what?

A

The trachea

61
Q

2 small points sitting on the cricoid cartilage

A

Arytenoid cartilages

62
Q

The arytneoid cartilages has both vocal and muscular processes. Where are they?

A

Vocal- anterior
Muscular- Posterior

63
Q

What assists with stability & minimal movement during swallowing?

A

Hyoepiglottic ligament

64
Q

Name the 2 minor laryngeal cartilages

A

Corniculate cartilages (atop the arytenoid cartilages)
Cuneiform cartilages (upper edge of quadrangular membrane)

65
Q

Extends from sides of epiglottic cartilage to corniculate and arytenoid carilages

A

Quadrangular membrane

66
Q

well-developed sheet which arises from upper border of arch of cricoid cartilage & extends upward and medially. Upper edges of both sheets are thickened to form vocal ligaments

A

Conus Elasticus

67
Q

inlet above false vocal folds

A

Vestibule

68
Q

Lateral reflection of mucosa from vestibular fold creates a small lateral recess (ventricle of larynx). Inferior leaf of this reflection continues over free edge of the vocal ligament to form?

A

Vocal Folds (vocal cord)

69
Q

space forms entrance to larynx. Bounded anteriorly by epiglottis, laterally by aryepiglottic folds, posteriorly by corniculate tubercles

A

Aditus

70
Q

cavity between medial surfaces of two quadrangular membranes

A

Vestibule

71
Q

space between vestibular folds
Reduces in size during anaphylaxis

A

Rima Vestibuli

72
Q

space b/w vocal cords

A

Rima glottidis

73
Q

from vocal cords to inferior border of cricoid cartilage

A

Subglottic (infraglottic) cavity

74
Q

O: anterolateral surface of arch of cricoid cartilage.
* I: lower aspect of thyroid lamina.
* A: pulls thyroid cartilage anteroinferiorly toward arch of the cricoid

A

cricothyroid

75
Q

O: posterior surface of
cricoid lamina
* I: muscular process of arytenoid cartilage
* A: abducts vocal cord

A

Posterior cricoarytenoid

76
Q

Extends transversely between posterior surfaces of arytenoid cartilages- approximates arytenoid cartilages

A

Transverse arytenoid (arytenoideus)

77
Q
  • O: inner idline surface of thyroid
    lamina
  • I: vocal process of arytenoid cartilage; lies against and tightly adherent to conus elasticus
  • A: adducts and tenses vocal cords (antagonist is cricothyroid m)

Tense cords- increase pitch
Relax cords- decrease pitch

A

Vocalis

78
Q

Motor nerve of the larynx?

A

Recurrent laryngeal N of Vagus

79
Q

Sensory nerve of larynx?

A

Above vocal cords- Internal branch of superior laryngeal N of Vagus
Below vocal cords- Recurrent Laryngeal N of Vagus

80
Q

What does SALFOPSM stand for?

A

S: Superior thyroid artery
A: Ascending pharyngeal artery
L: Lingual artery
F: Facial artery
O: Occipital artery
P: Posterior auricular artery
S: Superficial temporal artery
M: Maxillary artery

81
Q

Thyroid gland is located at what level?

A

T3/T4

82
Q

Role of the Thyroid gland?

A

Secretes calcitonin, maintains homeostasis, role in metabolism, secretes Vitamin D

83
Q

Connects lower 1/3 of lateral lobes * Covers 2nd & 3rd tracheal ring

A

isthmus

84
Q

Blood supply to the thyroid?

A

Superior and inferior thyroid arteries

85
Q

What is the second-largest dural reflection, is a crescent-shaped dura fold that extends over the posterior cranial fossa, separating the occipital and temporal cerebral hemisphere from the cerebellum and brainstem

A

Tentorium Cerebelli

86
Q

The tissue that will become the thyroid gland travels through the thyroglossal duct & settles under the cricoid cartilage & the canal closes becoming the what?

A

Foramen Cecum

87
Q

What is fluctuations in hyper and hypothyroidism called?

A

Hashimoto’s disease

88
Q

Low blood calcium causes a secretion of (Hormone), leading to increased bone resorption through osteoclast activity, & an increase in serum calcium levels. What is that hormone?

A

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

89
Q

An abnormal level of PTH, high or low can lead to what two conditions and symptoms?

A

Hypoparathyroidism= Cramping and tetany
Hyperparathyroidism= High Ca+ blood serum levels, kidney stones

Gross Anatomy 2 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions