Exam 4 Pre Material

Question 1

3 key ingredients needed for natural selection to occur

Answer 1

• Varitaion
• Heredity
• Differential reproduction

Question 2

Sociality

Answer 2

The tendency of individuals of the same species to live in groups and display reciprocal cooperative behavior

Question 3

Varying levels of sociality: Presocial

Answer 3

Sociality beyond coutship and mating

Question 4

Varying levels of sociality: Subsocial

Answer 4

Aggregations: parental care of young for some length of time

Question 5

Varying levels of sociality: Parasocial

Answer 5

Communal living, but everyone takes care of their own needs/young

Question 6

Varying levels of sociality: Quasisocial

Answer 6

Community works together to care for young

Question 7

Varying levels of sociality: Eusocialq

Answer 7

“true” social

Question 8

Eusociality

Answer 8

Highest level of sociality and extreme altruism

Question 9

Eusociality- Division of labor with a caste system

Answer 9

sterile worker classes(as) assist reproductive class

Question 10

Eusociality- Cooperation among…

Answer 10

Group members in rearing offspring

Question 11

Eusociality- Overlap of generations…

Answer 11

capable of contributing to colony function and living in single group

Question 12

Social behavior: cooperation

Answer 12

• two or more individuals interact in a way that leads to mutual net benefits from joint actions
• but sometimes free riders cheats

Question 13

Social behavior: Altruism

Answer 13

Behavior that benefits others at cost of fitness of the altruist

Question 14

Kinship

Answer 14

individuals who are related behave altruistically to each other
- Natural selection favors traits that pass on genes: related individuals have similar genes
-Individuals = inclusive fitness

Question 15

Reciprocity

Answer 15

• Individuals benefit by exchanging acts of altruism
• Natural selection favors reciprocal exchange wherein costs are paid back

Question 16

Group selection

Answer 16

Natural selection acts at the level of the group

Question 17

Path 1

Answer 17

Kinship

Question 18

Path 2

Answer 18

Reciprocity

Question 19

Reciprocal altruism

Answer 19

altruism between unrelated individuals when there will be repaymenet/promise of repayment k

Question 20

Mobbing Behavior

Answer 20

antipredator tactc; common in birds

Question 21

Path 3

Answer 21

Group selection

Question 22

Group selection

Answer 22

Natural selection favors traits that promote survival and reproduction of groups
-kin selection is better

Question 23

Which organsims are eusocial

Answer 23

Bees, hymenoptera

Question 24

How has kin selection been used to explain the evolution of eusociality in Hymenoptera?

Answer 24

evolve more frequently in hymenopterans than clades that have diplodiploid sex determination.

Question 25

Explain how “free riders” (cheaters) could lead to selection against social behaviors

Answer 25

Could give unfair advantage to those who do not contribute their fair share. Not putting themselves at risk

Question 26

According to the research articles that we read on meerkats, what is the most likely evolutionary
explanation for sentinel behavior?

Answer 26

Kin selection or Reciprocal altruism

Question 27

Why would natural selecion favor cooperation and altruism

Answer 27

its paritable

Question 28

Hamilton’s rule

Answer 28

• Level of sacrifice an individual makes for a relative is directly proportional to the relatedness
• favored when rB>C
  r= proportion of shared genes
  B= Benefits # of offspring
  C=cost

Question 29

Sentinal

Answer 29

assigned to keep guard