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NRSE-4550 Adult Care 2 > Exam 4 Medications > Flashcards

Exam 4 Medications Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary choice of treatment for osteoarthritis

A

acetaminophen (do not exceed 4,000 mg a day)

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2
Q

What is the topical NSAID that can be used for osteoarthritis

A

diclofenac

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3
Q

How many times can topical diclofenac be applied a day

A

4

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4
Q

What is the dose for ‘Arthritis strength’ acetaminophen

A

1,300 mg

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5
Q

topical lidocaine patches can be used for the treatment of

A

osteoarthritis

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6
Q

Patient teaching for topical lidocaine patches

A

-can be used for 12 hours at a time
-3 patches may be used on one joint at a time
-skin irritation can occur

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7
Q

What injections can be given for patients with osteoarthritis

A

corticosteroid injections

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8
Q

how often can patients receiving corticosteroid injections get them

A

4 times / year

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9
Q

What is the OTC solution to lidocaine patches

A

Salonpas

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10
Q

What is topical capsaicin

A

a complementary therapy for osteoarthritis

-works by blocking pain neurotransmitters

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11
Q

Patient teaching for topical capsaicin

A

-burning is expected for a short time after application
-wear gloves and wash hands

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12
Q

How does glucosamine & chondroitin help alleviate pain and improve function in patients with osteoarthritis

-considered a complementary therapy and non prescription

A

-Glucosamine = decreased inflammation
-Chondroitin = strengthened cartilage

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13
Q

Is acetaminophen or an NSAID began first in patients with osteoarthritis

A

acetaminophen!

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14
Q

Why are NSAIDs given for patients with rheumatoid arthritis

A

-help relieve inflammation and pain

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15
Q

What are examples of NSAIDs

A

-celecoxib, ibuprofen, naproxen

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16
Q

Adverse effects of NSAIDs include

A

tinnitus, stomach irritation, heart problems, liver and kidney damage

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17
Q

What steroid may be given to reduce inflammation and pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

A

prednisone

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18
Q

side effects of prednisone include

A

-thinning of bones, weight gain, diabetes, immunosuppression

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19
Q

What is steroid ‘pulse therapy’ seen with rheumatoid arthritis

A

when high doses are given for short duration

-treats acute attacks
-goal is to gradually taper off

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20
Q

what are examples of DMARDs (rheumatoid arthritis drugs)

A

-methotrexate
-leflunomide
-hydoxychloroquine
-sulfasalazine

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21
Q

Side effects of DMARDs include

A

-liver damage, bone marrow suppression, severe lung infections

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22
Q

Hydroxychloroquine increases the risk of (ATI question)

A

developing retinopathy

-report blurred vision to the provider

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23
Q

What are the biologic response modifiers (BRM) drugs

A

abatacept, adalimumab, certolizumab, etanercept, golimumab, infliximab, rituximab, tofacitinib

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24
Q

What can be used as non pharmacological measures to help with rheumatoid arthritis

A

-fish oil
-plant oils (primrose, borage, black currant)
-tai chi

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25
Q

Side effects of fish oil include

A

nausea, belching, and a fishy taste in the mouth

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26
Q

Patient teaching for fish oil

A

-interferes with medications, get approved by doctor

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27
Q

Side effects of plant pils include

A

nausea, diarrhea, gas

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28
Q

Patient education for plant oil s

A

some can cause liver damage or interfere with medications, so check with doctor

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29
Q

Calcium and vitamin D can be given for what disease process

A

osteoporosis

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30
Q

Calcium should be given all at once or divided doses?

A

divided doses

31
Q

Should calcium supplements be taken on an empty stomach?

A

-no
-give with food and 6-8 oz of water

32
Q

Bisphosphonates, used to treat osteoporosis, have the suffix of

A

-dronate

33
Q

Pt teaching for bisphosphonates?

A

-take on empty stomach before meals and other medications
-take with full glass of water
-sit up for 30 minutes after taking
-maintain good oral care to prevent osteonecrosis of the jaw (should get approved by dentist before)

34
Q

Long term bisphosponate therapy may result in

A

esophageal erosion, osteonecrosis, long bone fractures

35
Q

How long are bisphosphonates taken before another DEXA scan is performed

A

3 years

-if it is improved, the drug will be discontinued and reevaluated later

36
Q

How do estrogen agonists/antagonists help to treat osteoporosis

A

-mimics estrogen to increase bone mineral density and reduce resorption

37
Q

Patients cannot take estrogen if they have a history of

A

thromboembolism

38
Q

What medications are given for acute gout

A

-colchicine
-corticosteroids
-NSAID

39
Q

What drugs are given for chronic gout

A

-allopurinol
-probenacid
-febuxostat

40
Q

Side effects of colchicine include?

A

-nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

-take with food

41
Q

Side effects of corticosteroids include

A

-mood changes, increased blood sugar, elevated blood pressure

42
Q

side effects of NSAIDs

A

-stomach pain, bleeding, ulcers

43
Q

What is the drug of choice to treat chronic gout

A

allopurinol

44
Q

Side effects of allopurinol include?

A

fever, rash, hepatitis, kidney problems

45
Q

Side effects of febuxostat include?

A

-rash, nausea, reduced liver function

46
Q

Side effects of probenecid?

A

-rash, stomach pain and kidney stones

47
Q

Patient instructions for treatments of gout include?

A

-take with a full glass of water
-64 oz of water is great to reduce renal insufficiency
-avoid aspirin (deactivates meds)

48
Q

What type of diet should patients with gout eat

A

low purine diet

49
Q

High purine foods include

A

-organ meats, shellfish, oily fish with bones, excessive ETOH

50
Q

What type of drug use can increase patient risk of developing gout?

A

diuretics (especially HCTZ)

51
Q

What drug can be administered to prevent breast cancer

A

Tamoxifen

52
Q

What drugs are investigational for colorectal cancer prevention

A

NSAIDs

53
Q

CAUTION acronym

A

Change in bowel and bladder habits
A sore that does not heal
Unusual bleeding or discharge
Thickening or a lump in breast or else where
Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
Obvious change in wart or mole
Nagging cough or hoarseness

54
Q

What drugs can be given before chemo to prevent nausea and vomiting

A

-IV antiemetic i

55
Q

What is given during chemotherapy to prevent nausea and vomiting and inflammation

A

oral antiemetic
oral steroids

56
Q

What drug is given to alkalize urine and prevent tumor lysis syndrome before chemotherapy

A

allopurinol

57
Q

What medication is given for chemo to prevent major drop in WBC

A

-pegfilgrastim

58
Q

A major side effect of pegfilgastrim

A

bone pain

59
Q

What medication will be given subcutaneously each week while on chemo to prevent drug-related anemia

A

erythropoietin

60
Q

What medication is given for iron deficiency anemia

A

ferrous sulfate 325 mg for 6-12 months

61
Q

Patient education for ferrous sulfate

A

-vitamin C increases absorption
-take through straw if liquid
-take on an empty stomach unless not tolerated
-stool will be dark green to black
-causes constipation

62
Q

What medication can be given for hemolytic anemia

A

corticosteroids

63
Q

if anemia of chronic disease is caused by renal insufficiency, what medication do we give

A

epioetin alfa

64
Q

What can inhibit iron absorption

A

-coffee, tea, milk, cereals, dietary fiber, carbonated beverages
-Ca, Zn, Mn, Cu
-antacids, H2 blockers, PPI’s

65
Q

Treatment for pernicious anemia

A

lifelong b12 injections

66
Q

For b12 deficiency, our patients can take

A

-oral b12
-increase in diet

67
Q

Treatment for folate deficiency is

A

-oral folic acid
-parenteral folic acid

68
Q

Pt education for folic acid supplementaiotn

A

-may turn pee dark yellow
-may mask the signs of b12 deficiency

69
Q

Foods high in folic acid include

A

-spinach, broccoli, lettuce, peas, beans, lentils, watermelon, orange juice, bananas, lemons, cereal, bread

70
Q

Aggressive treamtent for AML drug

A

cytarabine

71
Q

For elderly patients who cannot tolerate the aggressive treatment, what may we use for AML

A

hydroxyurea

72
Q

Chronic myelogenous leukemia drugs

A

-hydroxyurea, busulfan, imatinib

73
Q

Chronic myelogenous leukemia drugs if prognosis is 2-4 months

A

-anthracyclines
-cystosine arabinoside
-interferon - alpha

74
Q
A

NRSE-4550 Adult Care 2 (5 decks)

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