Exam #4 Content

Question 1

What are the 6 biomarkers for mis-regulation of sodium?

Answer 1

1) High blood pressure
2) Edema
3) Elevated atrial natriuretic peptide
4) Low renin
5) Low angiotensin
6) Low aldosterone

Question 2

What role does low levels of renin play in hypernatremia?

Answer 2

Low renin’s overall function is to increase BP, therefore low levels limit the body’s ability to increase BP.

Question 3

What role does low levels of angiotensin play in hypernatremia?

Answer 3

Angiotensin constricts blood vessels to maintain BP, low levels would decrease the body’s ability to do that.

Question 4

What role does low levels of aldosterone play in hypernatremia?

Answer 4

Aldosterone helps to reabsorbs water and sodium from the filtrate, with low levels it decreases the body’s ability to do that which lowers BP

Question 5

What role does high levels of ADH play in hypernatremia?

Answer 5

Higher levels of ADH keep water in the body to maintain equal parts water to parts sodium

Question 6

What is the DASH diet and whats the food category focus?

Answer 6

• Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension

- Focuses on vegetables, fruit and meat, while low on grains

Question 7

With the DASH diet what mineral is the emphasis? What role does that mineral play in helping to lower hypertension?

Answer 7

• Potassium
• Potassium will inhibit thiazide sensitive antiporter which allows for more sodium to flow through distal nephron to the urine which leads to decrease in hypertension

Question 8

What is the RDA of potassium and how will that effect sodium level/hypertension if there is relatively high sodium intake?

Answer 8

• 12g/day

- Potassium will encourage sodium excretion to lower hypertension