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Micro > Exam 4- Chapter 21 > Flashcards

Exam 4- Chapter 21 Flashcards

1
Q

vesicles

A

small, fluid-filled lesions

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2
Q

bullae

A

vesicles larger than 1 cm in diameter

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3
Q

macules

A

flat, reddened lesions

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4
Q

papules

A

raised lesions

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5
Q

pustules

A

raised lesions with pus

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6
Q

exanthem

A

skin rash arising from a disease

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7
Q

enanthem

A

rash on mucous membranes arising from a disease

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8
Q

Folliculitis

A

infections of the hair follicles

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9
Q

sty

A

folliculitis of an eyelash

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10
Q

Furuncle (boil)

A

a type of abscess;localized region of pus surrounded by inflamed tissue

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11
Q

Carbuncle

A

damage and inflammation of deep tissue from a spreading furuncle

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12
Q

Impetigo

A

crusting (nonbullous) sores, spread by autoinoculation

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13
Q

Acne

A
  • caused by Propionibacterium acnes
  • Skin cells shed in the hair follicles and combine with sebum (hormones)
  • Treated with antibiotics and benzoyl peroxide
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14
Q

Erysipelas

A

-S. pyogenes infects the dermal layer of the skin and causes local tissue destruction and sepsis

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15
Q

Necrotizing fasciitis

A
  • Extotoxin A produced by S. pyogenesacts as a superantigen

- “Flesh-eating” disease

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16
Q

Pseudomonas dermatitis

A
  • caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

- Self-limiting rash acquired in swimming pools

17
Q

Otitis externa

A
  • caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

- “Swimmer’s ear”

18
Q

Buruli Ulcer

A
  • Caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans (Produces the toxinmycolactone)
  • Enters via a break in the skin or an insect bite
  • Causes deep, damaging ulcers (possible amputation)
  • Exceeds incidence of leprosy
19
Q

Warts

A
  • caused by papillomavirus (50 types, some cause skin and cervical cancers)
  • Transmitted via contact
  • Treated with cryotherapy, electrodesiccation, or salicylic acid
20
Q

Chickenpox

A
  • caused by Herpesvirus varicella-zoster (human herpesvirus 3)
  • Transmitted via the respiratory route
  • Causes pus-filled vesicles
  • Reye’s syndrome: severe complications of chickenpox; vomiting and brain dysfunction (Aspirin use increases risk)
  • Virus becomes latent in the central nerve ganglia
  • Prevented by a live attenuated vaccine
21
Q

Shingles

A
  • caused by herpes zoster
  • Reactivation of the latent varicella-zoster virus that moves along peripheral nerves to the skin (due to stress or lowered immunity)
  • Follows the distribution of affected cutaneous sensory nerves (limited to one side of the body)
  • Postherpetic neuralgia
  • Prevention via the zoster vaccine
  • Antiviral drugs may lessen symptoms
22
Q

Cold sores

A
  • caused by Human herpesvirus 1 (HSV-1)
  • spread primarily by oral or respiratory routes
  • Ninety percent of the population is infected
  • Usually develop as cold sores or fever blisters (not the cause of canker sores)
  • remains latent in trigeminal nerve ganglia
  • Outbreaks are triggered by the sun, stress, or hormonal changes
23
Q

Genital Herpes

A
  • caused by Human herpesvirus 2 (HSV-2)
  • spread primarily sexually
  • remains latent in sacral nerve ganglia near the spine
24
Q

Scalp ringworm (dermatomycoses)

A
  • caused by Tinea capitis
  • Colonize the hair, nails, and outer epidermis
  • Metabolize keratin
  • Treatment is usually topical drugs (miconazole and clotrimazole)
25
Q

Athlete’s foot (Dermatomycoses)

A
  • caused by Tinea pedis
  • Colonize the hair, nails, and outer epidermis
  • Metabolize keratin
  • Treatment is usually topical drugs (miconazole and clotrimazole)
26
Q

Scabies

A
  • Caused by Sarcoptes scabiei mites (burrow in the skin to lay eggs)
  • Causes inflammatory skin lesions
  • Transmitted via intimate contact
  • Treatment with permethrin
27
Q

Head lice

A
  • Pediculus humanus capitis (head louse)
  • P. h. corporis (body louse)
  • Feed on blood from the host
  • Lay eggs (nits) on the hair and attach to the shafts
  • Treatment with topical insecticides (permethrin or pyrethrin)
  • Malathion, lindane, or ivermectin are used in cases of resistance
28
Q

Ophthalmia

A
  • Caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae
  • Large amount of pus forms; ulceration of corneas results
  • Untreated cases may lead to blindness
  • Transmitted to a newborn’s eyes during passage through the birth canal
  • Prevented by treating a newborn’s eyes with antibiotics
29
Q

Trachoma

A
  • Caused by some serotypes of Chlamydia trachomatis
  • Leading cause of blindness worldwide
  • Transmitted via hand contact or flies
  • Infection causes permanent scarring; scars abrade the cornea, leading to blindness
  • Secondary infections can also be a factor
  • Oral azithromycin are used in treatment
30
Q

Pink eye

A
  • An inflammation of the conjunctiva
  • Commonly caused by Haemophilus influenzae
  • Also caused by adenoviruses
  • Can be caused by pseudomonads associated with unsanitary contact lenses
31
Q

Scalded skin syndrome

A
  • staphylococcus aureus
  • Bullous impetigo
  • Toxin B causes exfoliation
  • Pemphigus neonatorum:impetigo of the newborn
32
Q

Toxic shock syndrome (TSS)

A
  • staphylococcus aureus

- Fever, vomiting, shock, and organ failure caused by toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1) in the bloodstream

33
Q

Measles (Rubeola)

A
  • Viral disease transmitted by the respiratory route
  • Cold-like symptoms, macular rash
  • Koplik’s spots (Red spots on the oral mucosa opposite the molars)
  • Encephalitis in 1 in 1000 cases
  • Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (Rare; occurs 1 to 10 years after measles recovery)
  • Prevented by the MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine (Children under 1 year old cannot receive the vaccine)
34
Q

Rubella

A
  • German measles
  • Rubella virus
  • Macular rash and light fever
  • Transmitted via the respiratory route; 2 to 3 week incubation
  • Congenital rubella syndrome (Fetal damage, deafness, heart defects, mental retardation; Fifteen percent mortality)
  • Prevented by the MMR vaccine
  • Not recommended for pregnant women
35
Q

Candidiasis

A
  • Overgrowth of Candidaalbicans(yeast) (Forms pseudohyphae, making it resistant to phagocytosis)
  • Occurs in the skin and mucous membranes of the genitourinary tract and mouth (Thrush:C. albicans infection of the oral cavity)
  • Results when antibiotics suppress competing bacteria or a change occurs in the mucosal pH
  • Fulminating disease in the immunosuppressed

Micro (6 decks)

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