Exam 4- Chapter 21 Flashcards
1
Q
vesicles
A
small, fluid-filled lesions
2
Q
bullae
A
vesicles larger than 1 cm in diameter
3
Q
macules
A
flat, reddened lesions
4
Q
papules
A
raised lesions
5
Q
pustules
A
raised lesions with pus
6
Q
exanthem
A
skin rash arising from a disease
7
Q
enanthem
A
rash on mucous membranes arising from a disease
8
Q
Folliculitis
A
infections of the hair follicles
9
Q
sty
A
folliculitis of an eyelash
10
Q
Furuncle (boil)
A
a type of abscess;localized region of pus surrounded by inflamed tissue
11
Q
Carbuncle
A
damage and inflammation of deep tissue from a spreading furuncle
12
Q
Impetigo
A
crusting (nonbullous) sores, spread by autoinoculation
13
Q
Acne
A
- caused by Propionibacterium acnes
- Skin cells shed in the hair follicles and combine with sebum (hormones)
- Treated with antibiotics and benzoyl peroxide
14
Q
Erysipelas
A
-S. pyogenes infects the dermal layer of the skin and causes local tissue destruction and sepsis
15
Q
Necrotizing fasciitis
A
- Extotoxin A produced by S. pyogenesacts as a superantigen
- “Flesh-eating” disease
16
Q
Pseudomonas dermatitis
A
- caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Self-limiting rash acquired in swimming pools
17
Q
Otitis externa
A
- caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- “Swimmer’s ear”
18
Q
Buruli Ulcer
A
- Caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans (Produces the toxinmycolactone)
- Enters via a break in the skin or an insect bite
- Causes deep, damaging ulcers (possible amputation)
- Exceeds incidence of leprosy
19
Q
Warts
A
- caused by papillomavirus (50 types, some cause skin and cervical cancers)
- Transmitted via contact
- Treated with cryotherapy, electrodesiccation, or salicylic acid
20
Q
Chickenpox
A
- caused by Herpesvirus varicella-zoster (human herpesvirus 3)
- Transmitted via the respiratory route
- Causes pus-filled vesicles
- Reye’s syndrome: severe complications of chickenpox; vomiting and brain dysfunction (Aspirin use increases risk)
- Virus becomes latent in the central nerve ganglia
- Prevented by a live attenuated vaccine
21
Q
Shingles
A
- caused by herpes zoster
- Reactivation of the latent varicella-zoster virus that moves along peripheral nerves to the skin (due to stress or lowered immunity)
- Follows the distribution of affected cutaneous sensory nerves (limited to one side of the body)
- Postherpetic neuralgia
- Prevention via the zoster vaccine
- Antiviral drugs may lessen symptoms
22
Q
Cold sores
A
- caused by Human herpesvirus 1 (HSV-1)
- spread primarily by oral or respiratory routes
- Ninety percent of the population is infected
- Usually develop as cold sores or fever blisters (not the cause of canker sores)
- remains latent in trigeminal nerve ganglia
- Outbreaks are triggered by the sun, stress, or hormonal changes
23
Q
Genital Herpes
A
- caused by Human herpesvirus 2 (HSV-2)
- spread primarily sexually
- remains latent in sacral nerve ganglia near the spine
24
Q
Scalp ringworm (dermatomycoses)
A
- caused by Tinea capitis
- Colonize the hair, nails, and outer epidermis
- Metabolize keratin
- Treatment is usually topical drugs (miconazole and clotrimazole)
25
Q
Athlete’s foot (Dermatomycoses)
A
- caused by Tinea pedis
- Colonize the hair, nails, and outer epidermis
- Metabolize keratin
- Treatment is usually topical drugs (miconazole and clotrimazole)
26
Q
Scabies
A
- Caused by Sarcoptes scabiei mites (burrow in the skin to lay eggs)
- Causes inflammatory skin lesions
- Transmitted via intimate contact
- Treatment with permethrin
27
Q
Head lice
A
- Pediculus humanus capitis (head louse)
- P. h. corporis (body louse)
- Feed on blood from the host
- Lay eggs (nits) on the hair and attach to the shafts
- Treatment with topical insecticides (permethrin or pyrethrin)
- Malathion, lindane, or ivermectin are used in cases of resistance
28
Q
Ophthalmia
A
- Caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- Large amount of pus forms; ulceration of corneas results
- Untreated cases may lead to blindness
- Transmitted to a newborn’s eyes during passage through the birth canal
- Prevented by treating a newborn’s eyes with antibiotics
29
Q
Trachoma
A
- Caused by some serotypes of Chlamydia trachomatis
- Leading cause of blindness worldwide
- Transmitted via hand contact or flies
- Infection causes permanent scarring; scars abrade the cornea, leading to blindness
- Secondary infections can also be a factor
- Oral azithromycin are used in treatment
30
Q
Pink eye
A
- An inflammation of the conjunctiva
- Commonly caused by Haemophilus influenzae
- Also caused by adenoviruses
- Can be caused by pseudomonads associated with unsanitary contact lenses
31
Q
Scalded skin syndrome
A
- staphylococcus aureus
- Bullous impetigo
- Toxin B causes exfoliation
- Pemphigus neonatorum:impetigo of the newborn
32
Q
Toxic shock syndrome (TSS)
A
- staphylococcus aureus
- Fever, vomiting, shock, and organ failure caused by toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1) in the bloodstream
33
Q
Measles (Rubeola)
A
- Viral disease transmitted by the respiratory route
- Cold-like symptoms, macular rash
- Koplik’s spots (Red spots on the oral mucosa opposite the molars)
- Encephalitis in 1 in 1000 cases
- Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (Rare; occurs 1 to 10 years after measles recovery)
- Prevented by the MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine (Children under 1 year old cannot receive the vaccine)
34
Q
Rubella
A
- German measles
- Rubella virus
- Macular rash and light fever
- Transmitted via the respiratory route; 2 to 3 week incubation
- Congenital rubella syndrome (Fetal damage, deafness, heart defects, mental retardation; Fifteen percent mortality)
- Prevented by the MMR vaccine
- Not recommended for pregnant women
35
Q
Candidiasis
A
- Overgrowth of Candidaalbicans(yeast) (Forms pseudohyphae, making it resistant to phagocytosis)
- Occurs in the skin and mucous membranes of the genitourinary tract and mouth (Thrush:C. albicans infection of the oral cavity)
- Results when antibiotics suppress competing bacteria or a change occurs in the mucosal pH
- Fulminating disease in the immunosuppressed
