Exam 4: Chapter 14- Artificial Intelligence

Question 1

broad field that focuses on creating intelligent machines that can perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.

Answer 1

Artificial Intelligence (A.I.)

Question 2

subset of AI that involves training algorithms to learn patterns from data and make predictions or decisions without being explicitly programmed; the study of algorithms and statistical models that computer systems use to perform a specific task without using explicit instructions, relying on patterns and interference instead.

Answer 2

machine learning (ML)

Question 3

subset of machine learning in which multilayered neural networks learn from vast amounts of data.

Answer 3

deep learning

Question 4

What are the 4 reasons that A.I./ M.L are exploding right now?

Answer 4

1. Computational power (GPUs) increasing
2. Massive amounts of labeled data available
3. Neural networks
4. Demonetized training costs (99.5% decrease in the last 5 years)

Question 5

hypothetical AI that matches or exceeds human intelligence – the intelligence of a machine that could successfully perform any intellectual task that a human being can.

Answer 5

strong A.I.

Question 6

What is the risk of Strong A.I?

Answer 6

the ability to think

Question 7

AI that performs a useful and specific function that once required human intelligence to perform, and does so at human levels or better; simulating thinking; robotics (AI in motion)

Answer 7

narrow or weak A.I.

Question 8

T or F: Weak AI is already embedded in our environments today (both personal and professional).

Answer 8

true

Question 9

What are the 3 types of machine learning?

Answer 9

1. Supervised learning
2. Unsupervised learning
3. Reinforcement learning

Question 10

system is trained with labeled training data to make predictions or classify new, unseen data.

Answer 10

supervised learning

Question 11

system learns patterns and relationships within unlabeled data without specific feedback or guidance

Answer 11

unsupervised learning

Question 12

system learns from its environment by interacting with it and receiving rewards for performing actions

Answer 12

reinforcement learning

Question 13

Any of the 3 types of M.L. becomes “deep” when the system uses deep artificial _______ _______.

Answer 13

neural networks

Question 14

______ ______ plays a critical role in machine learning.

Answer 14

Big Data

Question 15

a video of a person in which their face or body has been digitally altered so that they appear to be someone else, typically used maliciously or to spread false information.

Answer 15

deep fakes

Question 16

What are the four main capabilities that distinguish Watson as a cognitive system:

Answer 16

1. Ability to understand human language
2. Ability to absorb information and to learn
3. Ability to formulate hypotheses
4. Ability to understand the context of a question

Question 17

Watson is __________, not deterministic.

Answer 17

probabilistic

Question 18

The world’s most powerful, generally applicable technology.

Answer 18

machine learning

Question 19

T or F: Today, ML is necessary to sustain competitive advantage.

Answer 19

true

Question 20

because ML algorithms work (true), the models they generate are intrinsically valuable (false).

Answer 20

the ML fallacy

Question 21

The value of ML comes only by:

Answer 21

enacting organizational change.

Question 22

Most ML projects fail to deploy because project leaders didn’t properly plan for the ________ ______ that the deployment would cause.

Answer 22

operational change

Question 23

for ML to succeed, we need improvement in human knowledge more than improvements in technology.

Answer 23

The ML paradox

Question 24

Machine Learning Projects → Who is Involved? (tight integration and colaboration) (3)

Answer 24

1. Business Professionals
2. Business Analysts
3. Data Scientists

Question 25

Serve as liaisons and translators to bridge the gap between technology and the business (that is, between the technological project staff and line-of-business stakeholders in charge of the operations that the ML project will change)

Answer 25

Business Analysts

Question 26

What people does this describe?
- Design and implement ML models to analyze large datasets to make predictions.
- Use mathematical and statistical procedures to build predictive models.
- They perform data wrangling, which includes data collection, data cleaning, and feature engineering.

Answer 26

data scientists

Question 27

What people does this describe?
- Work with business professionals to identify and define the business requirements for new products, services, or processes.
- Work with the technical team to ensure that the prediction goal, deployment plan, and performance objectives are aligned with the operational team’s requirements.

Answer 27

business analysts

Question 28

What people does this describe?
- Responsible for identifying business opportunities that can be addressed with ML applications.
- Need basic knowledge of ML fundamentals to understand how ML projects work from conception to deployment.
- They understand how ML deployment will impact and change business operations.
- They can define ML project performance goals, help prepare the data, and help develop and deploy
the ML model.
- They can provide sanity checks.

Answer 28

Business Professionals

Question 29

What type of ML learning is this?
a type of machine learning in which the system is given labeled input data and the expected output results. Developers input massive amounts of data during the training phase as well as what output should be obtained from each specific input value. Developers then input unlabeled, never-been-seen data values to verify that the model is accurate

Answer 29

supervised

Question 30

What type of ML learning does this describe?
a type of machine learning that searches for previously undetected patterns in a data set with no pre-existing labels and with minimal human supervision.

Answer 30

unsupervised

Question 31

The best time to use unsupervised learning is when an organization…

Answer 31

does not have data on desired outcomes (ex: when the firm wants to determine a target market for an entirely new product that it has never before sold.)

Question 32

What type of ML learning does this describe?
the system learns to achieve a goal in an uncertain, potentially complex environment. The system faces a game-like situation where it employs trial and error to find a solution to a problem.

Answer 32

reinforcement