Exam 2- Chapter 6 Flashcards
a system that connects computers and other devices (ex: printers) through communications media so that data and information can be transmitted among them
computer network
Voice and data communication are becoming what two things?
- Faster (bandwidth is increasing)
- Cheaper
the transmission capacity of a network; stated in bits per second
bandwidth
What does narrowband mean?
relatively low transmission capacity
the transmission capacity of a communications medium faster than 25 megabits per second for download and 3 mbps for upload
broadband
What are two examples of broadband connections?
- Digital subscriber line (DSL)
- Cable
What is the ultimate WAN (Wide Area Network)?
The internet
short range networks– typically a few meters– that are used for communication among devices close to one person; can be wired or wireless.
personal area networks (PANs)
relatively large networks that cover a metropolitan area (falls between LANs and WANs in size)
metropolitan area networks (MANs)
typically large networks that cover large geographical areas; in some cases, they can span the entire planet and reach from Earth to Mars and beyond
wide area networks (WANs)
Networks represent a compromise among three objectives:
speed, distance, and cost
Local area networks are (fast/slow), (inexpensive/expensive) communication with distance (limitations/extensions).
fast, inexpensive, distance limitations
connects two or more devices in a limited geographical region, usually within the same building, so that every device on the network can communicate with every other device
local area network (LAN)
Most LANs today use ________.
Ethernet
WANs typically connect multiple ______.
LANs
WANs are generally provided by who?
common carriers such as telephone companies and the international networks of global communications services providers
T or F: WANs have large capacities, and typically combine multiple channels (ex: microwave, satellite, and fiber-optic cables)
True
communications processors that route messages from a LAN to the Internet, across several connected LANs, or across a WAN such as the internet.
routers
high-speed central networks to which multiple smaller networks (such as LANs and smaller WANs) connect
backbone networks
T or F: Traditional networks can be rigid and lack the flexibility to keep pace with the increasing business networking requirements.
True
an emerging technology that is becoming increasingly important to help organizations manage their data flows across their enterprise networks
Software-defined networks
With SDN, decisions that control how network traffic flows across network devices are managed centrally by ______.
software
enable computers in a network to transmit and receive data
wireline communications media
Today, computer networks communicate through _______ ________, which are discrete pulses that are either on or off, representing a series of bits (0s and 1s)
digital signals
The “plain old telephone system” (POTs, which is the U.S. public telephone system), was originally designed as an _________ network to carry voice signals or sounds in an _______ wave format
analog
continuous waves that transmit information by altering the amplitude and frequency of the waves
analog signals
POTs require _____-_____ ______ to convert signals from analog to digital and vice versa; these are almost extinct in most parts of the developed world today
dial-up modems
modems that operate over coaxial cable (ex: Cable TV)
cable modems
operate on the same lines as voice telephones and dial-up modems; always maintain a connection, so an Internet connection is immediately available
DSL modems
a pathway to communicate data from one location to another; it is composed of what two types of media?
communications channel:
1. cable (twisted-pair wire, coaxial, and fiber-optic)
2. broadcast (microwave, satellite, radio, or infrared)
use physical wires or cables to transmit data and information
wireline media/cable media
twisted pair wire and coaxial cables are made of:
copper
fiber-optic cable is made of:
glass
what is the most prevalent form of communications wiring, and is used for almost all business telephone wiring?
twisted-pair wire
What is used to carry high-speed data traffic as well as television signals?
coaxial cable
What is typically used as the backbone for a network?
fiber-optic cable
What are the four network applications?
Discovery, Communication, Collaboration, and Education
What is the Web’s Major Strength? How does this present a major challenge?
- Major strength: the vast stores of information it contains
- Major Challenge: navigating through the web and gaining access to necessary info is becoming more difficult
a computer program that searches for specific information by keywords and then reports the results; maintains an index of billions of web pages
search engine
computer programs that browse the Web and create a copy of all visited pages in order to create indexes for search engine purposes
web crawlers
search several engines at once and then integrate the findings to answer user’s queries
metasearch engine
T or F: Multilingual websites are now a competitive necessity
True
a Web-based, personalized gateway to info and knowledge that provides relevant information from different IT systems and the Internet using advanced search and indexing techniques
portal
What are the 4 types of portals?
- Commercial (public) portal
- Affinity portal
- Corporate portal
- Industrywide portal
How are the types of portals differentiated?
By the audiences they serve
most popular type of portal on the Internet; intended for broad and diverse audiences, offers routine content, some of it in real time
commercial (public) portal
offers a single point of entry to an entire community of affiliated interests, such as a hobby group or a political party (ex: Auburn University most likely has this type of portal for its alumni)
affinity portal
offers a personalized, single point of access through a Web browser to critical business info located inside and outside an organization; this type of portal offer customer and employees self-service opportunities
corporate portal
type of portal that serves entire industries (not just one single company like corporate portals)
industrywide portal
What is the largest volume application running over the Internet?
What are 5 reasons that some U.S. companies are moving their call center operations back to the US?
- They have less control of their operations when centers are located overseas
- Language differences
- Risk of breaching customer confidentiality and security
- Representatives typically work with many companies, so they may not deliver the same level of customer service that each company requires
What are the two major types of chat programs?
- Web based
- E-mail based
POTs has been largely replaced by:
Internet telephony
efforts made by two or more entities who work together to accomplish certain tasks
collaboration
the movement of information as it progresses through the sequence of steps that make up an organization’s work procedures
workflow
refers to the use of digital technologies that enable organizations or individuals who are geographically dispersed to collaboratively plan, design, develop, manage, and research products, services, and innovative applications
virtual collaboration
Virtual teams typically must collaborate (synchronously/asynchronously)
asynchronously
type of collaboration in which an organization outsources a task to an undefined, generally large group of people in the form of an open call
crowdsourcing
the use of electronic communication technology that enables two or more people at different locations to hold a conference
teleconferencing
the latest version of videoconferencing, which enables participants to seamlessly share data, voice, pictures, graphics, and animation by electronic means
telepresence
T or F: E-learning and distance learning are the same thing.
False; they are not the same thing, however they do overlap
learning supported by the Web
E-learning
any learning situation in which teachers and students do not meet face-to-face
Distance learning
Massive open online courses (or MOOCs) are a new form of (distance learning/e-learning)
distance learning
