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Human Anatomy > Exam 4 - Chapter 13: PNS > Flashcards

Exam 4 - Chapter 13: PNS Flashcards

1
Q

Can you list the structures of the PNS?

A

Receptors, Nerves and ganglia and motor endings

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2
Q

General function of PNS?

A

information highway

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3
Q

What are PNS structures specialize to respond to?

A

stimuli

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4
Q

where does the perception of stimuli occur?

A

the brain

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5
Q

Mechanoreceptors

A

activated by pressure

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6
Q

photoreceptors

A

activated by light

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7
Q

chemoreceptors

A

activated by chemicals

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8
Q

thermoreceptors

A

activated by change in temperature or heat

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9
Q

nocireceptors

A

can be any of the other receptors, but only activated by excessive amount of stimulus (pain)

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10
Q

Externoreceptors

A

close to the skinand respond to stimuli outside the body

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11
Q

interoceptor

A

deep within tissues and respond to internal stimuli. EX: proprioceptors

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12
Q

What are the different sensations?

A

pressure, temp, light, chemicals

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13
Q

Simple receptors

A

inclued encapsulated and unencapsulated types. activated by general sensory stimuli.

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14
Q

Complex receptors

A

Have complex structures and respond to light, chemicals for smell and taste, sound waves and movement of the head or equilibrium.

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15
Q

Difference between encapsulated and unencapsulated?

A

Encapsulated have a CT capsule over the receptor. Unencapsulated does not.

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16
Q

Describe the structure of a nerve?

A

Many axons traveling to a similar destination, wrapped in CT sheaths.

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17
Q

Endoneurium

A

CT sheath around each axon

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18
Q

Perineurium

A

CT sheath that holds axons together in bundles

19
Q

Epineurium

A

CT around the entire nerve

20
Q

Describe what sensory and motor nerves are? What classification of nerve is most abundant?

A

Most are mixed. Sensory travel afferently, motor travel efferently.

21
Q

Four possible types of nerve fibers?

A

visceral sensory, somatic sensory, visceral motor, somatic motor

22
Q

How many cranial nerves have parasympathetic function? dont?

A

4 do, 8 don’t,

23
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there? how are they numbered?

A

31 paird, c1-c7 named for the vertebra below them T1-S5 are names for the vertebra above them

24
Q

How many spinal nerves are in each region of the spine?

A 
Cervical -8
Thoracic-12
Lumbar-5
Sacral-5
Coxxyx-1
25
Q

Where do nervers enter and exit the spinal cord?

A

intervertebral foramen

26
Q

Dorsal root

A

axon fibers that carry sensory information and enters the cord posteriorly

27
Q

Ventral root

A

Axon fibers that carry sensory information and leaves the cord anteriorly

28
Q

Spinal nerve

A

mixed nerve that formed from the joining of the dorsal and ventral roots

29
Q

Distal rami

A

branches of the spinal nerve to the periphery

30
Q

Dorsal ramus

A

supplies the posterior back muscles and skin

31
Q

Ventral ramus

A

supplies the lateral and anterior thorax and abdomen

32
Q

Rami communicantes

A

travels vertically through the thorax and carries autonomic information

33
Q

meningeal branch

A

returns through the intervertebral foramen and innervates the tissues around the spinal cord in the vertebral canal

34
Q

Which spinal nerves do NOT participate in a plexus?

A

T2-T12 (thoracic)

35
Q

Define nerve plexus?

A

a network of nerves formed from the interlacing of ventral rami branches.

36
Q

Cervical Plexus

A

neck, back of head, shoulders, ear region

37
Q

Brachial Plexus

A

upper limb

38
Q

Lumbar plexus

A

hips and medial thigh

39
Q

Sacral plexus

A

lower limbs

40
Q

What nerve belongs to Sacral plexus?

A

Siatic

41
Q

What nerve belongs to cervial plexus?

A

phrenic

42
Q

Define Dermatome?

A

an area of skin innervated by the same nerve pair

43
Q

Describe the innervation of joints and the skin over the joint? name of law?

A

A nerve that serves a muscle also serves the joint that the muscle crosses as well as the skin. Hilton’s law.

Human Anatomy (2 decks)

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