Exam 4 - Chapter 13: PNS

Question 1

Can you list the structures of the PNS?

Answer 1

Receptors, Nerves and ganglia and motor endings

Question 2

General function of PNS?

Answer 2

information highway

Question 3

What are PNS structures specialize to respond to?

Answer 3

stimuli

Question 4

where does the perception of stimuli occur?

Answer 4

the brain

Question 5

Mechanoreceptors

Answer 5

activated by pressure

Question 6

photoreceptors

Answer 6

activated by light

Question 7

chemoreceptors

Answer 7

activated by chemicals

Question 8

thermoreceptors

Answer 8

activated by change in temperature or heat

Question 9

nocireceptors

Answer 9

can be any of the other receptors, but only activated by excessive amount of stimulus (pain)

Question 10

Externoreceptors

Answer 10

close to the skinand respond to stimuli outside the body

Question 11

interoceptor

Answer 11

deep within tissues and respond to internal stimuli. EX: proprioceptors

Question 12

What are the different sensations?

Answer 12

pressure, temp, light, chemicals

Question 13

Simple receptors

Answer 13

inclued encapsulated and unencapsulated types. activated by general sensory stimuli.

Question 14

Complex receptors

Answer 14

Have complex structures and respond to light, chemicals for smell and taste, sound waves and movement of the head or equilibrium.

Question 15

Difference between encapsulated and unencapsulated?

Answer 15

Encapsulated have a CT capsule over the receptor. Unencapsulated does not.

Question 16

Describe the structure of a nerve?

Answer 16

Many axons traveling to a similar destination, wrapped in CT sheaths.

Question 17

Endoneurium

Answer 17

CT sheath around each axon

Question 18

Perineurium

Answer 18

CT sheath that holds axons together in bundles

Question 19

Epineurium

Answer 19

CT around the entire nerve

Question 20

Describe what sensory and motor nerves are? What classification of nerve is most abundant?

Answer 20

Most are mixed. Sensory travel afferently, motor travel efferently.

Question 21

Four possible types of nerve fibers?

Answer 21

visceral sensory, somatic sensory, visceral motor, somatic motor

Question 22

How many cranial nerves have parasympathetic function? dont?

Answer 22

4 do, 8 don’t,

Question 23

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there? how are they numbered?

Answer 23

31 paird, c1-c7 named for the vertebra below them T1-S5 are names for the vertebra above them

Question 24

How many spinal nerves are in each region of the spine?

Answer 24

Cervical -8
Thoracic-12
Lumbar-5
Sacral-5
Coxxyx-1

Question 25

Where do nervers enter and exit the spinal cord?

Answer 25

intervertebral foramen

Question 26

Dorsal root

Answer 26

axon fibers that carry sensory information and enters the cord posteriorly

Question 27

Ventral root

Answer 27

Axon fibers that carry sensory information and leaves the cord anteriorly

Question 28

Spinal nerve

Answer 28

mixed nerve that formed from the joining of the dorsal and ventral roots

Question 29

Distal rami

Answer 29

branches of the spinal nerve to the periphery

Question 30

Dorsal ramus

Answer 30

supplies the posterior back muscles and skin

Question 31

Ventral ramus

Answer 31

supplies the lateral and anterior thorax and abdomen

Question 32

Rami communicantes

Answer 32

travels vertically through the thorax and carries autonomic information

Question 33

meningeal branch

Answer 33

returns through the intervertebral foramen and innervates the tissues around the spinal cord in the vertebral canal

Question 34

Which spinal nerves do NOT participate in a plexus?

Answer 34

T2-T12 (thoracic)

Question 35

Define nerve plexus?

Answer 35

a network of nerves formed from the interlacing of ventral rami branches.

Question 36

Cervical Plexus

Answer 36

neck, back of head, shoulders, ear region

Question 37

Brachial Plexus

Answer 37

upper limb

Question 38

Lumbar plexus

Answer 38

hips and medial thigh

Question 39

Sacral plexus

Answer 39

lower limbs

Question 40

What nerve belongs to Sacral plexus?

Answer 40

Siatic

Question 41

What nerve belongs to cervial plexus?

Answer 41

phrenic

Question 42

Define Dermatome?

Answer 42

an area of skin innervated by the same nerve pair

Question 43

Describe the innervation of joints and the skin over the joint? name of law?

Answer 43

A nerve that serves a muscle also serves the joint that the muscle crosses as well as the skin. Hilton's law.