Exam 4: Chapter 13 - 16 Flashcards
Compared to other general therapeutic approaches, dialectical behavior therapy is ______ effective in terms of depression and suicidal behavior.
a) much more
b) slightly more
c) slightly less
d) much less
B
The literature to support acceptance and commitment therapy is overall _____ than the literature to support cognitive-behavioral therapy.
a) more rigorous
b) less often published
c) less rigorous
d) more often published
C
An important way to diminish the power dynamic in dialectical behavior therapy is to combine _____ and _____.
a) emotion mind; rational mind
b) validation; change
c) behavioral change; experiential avoidance
d) mindfulness; validation
B
The developers of acceptance and commitment therapy have argued that the focus on _____ helps it to overcome the multicultural issues inherent in other psychological treatments.
a) mindfulness
b) values
c) acceptance
d) committed action
B
Raj feels anger with a friend after overhearing them make a comment behind his back. If using the skill of _____ from dialectical behavior therapy, Raj might respond with patience and care rather than acting on anger.
a) S.T.O.P
b) improving the moment
c) opposite action
d) G.I.V.E
C
An exercise in dialectical behavior therapy that requires clients to engage the S.T.O.P skill —- Stop and do nothing; Take a step back and a deep breath; Observe what is happening; and Proceed using mindfulness and acceptance—- is an example of a skill from the ______ module.
a) distress tolerance
b) emotion regulation
c) interpersonal effectiveness
d) mindfulness
A
A therapist helps a client to see their difficult thoughts as “passengers” on a bus, where the client can fight with them, ignore them, or listen to them as mere suggestions. This metaphor conveys the core process of _______.
a) observing self
b) mindfulness
c) defusion
d) distress tolerance
C
A client is trying to quit smoking, and they notice that whenever they have a craving to smoke, they try to distract themselves to avoid thinking about the craving. What might you share with them about the consequences of experiential avoidance?
a) Distraction is a sustainable strategy in the short- and long-term
b) Distraction does not work in the short- and long-term, and the client should never do it
c) Distraction works in the short-term by providing relief, but does not work in the long-term as the craving will come back (and usually stronger)
d) distraction will worsen the craving in the short-term, but in the long-term, the craving will likely go away
C
Compared to “third-wave” treatments (acceptance and commitment therapy, dialectical behavior therapy), cognitive- behavioral treatments:
a) shift the emphasis away from trying to reduce unwanted thoughts and emotions
b) have a goal of helping clients show up to the present moment, stepping toward what matters in life, and accepting themselves
c) are aimed at changing reinforcement contingencies, conditioned responses, and thinking patterns
d) include the concepts of mindfulness, acceptance, and dialectics
C
Compared ot cognitive-behavioral treatments, “third-wave” treatments (acceptance and commitment therapy, dialectical behavior therapy):
a) have a goal of helping clients show up to the present moment, stepping toward what matters in life, and accepting themselves
b) are aimed at changing reinforcement contingencies, conditioned responses, and thinking patterns
c) have a goal of eliminating or reducing unwanted unpleasant emotional responses
d) assume that psychological problems arise from certain learning histories and maladaptive cognitions
A
Which of these is true?
- In dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), the rational mind is ruled by facts, reason, and pragmatics.
- The dialectical aspect of DBT captures the treatment’s core philosophy that seemingly conflicting ideas can be true at the same time.
- Opposite action involves behaving contrary to the urge provoked by a strong emotion.
1,2, and 3
Which of these is true?
- A concept opposite to psychological flexibility is mindfulness, which is considered a maintaining factor in psychological distress and dysfunction.
- In dialectical behavior therapy, psychological interventions refer to a set of strategies clients are taught to help promote distress tolerance when in a crisis situation.
- The ability to be in the present moment. engage in activities that are personally important, and live a meaningful life despite the fact that difficult experiences will occur is a concept known as psychological flexibility.
3 only
Which of these is true?
- Experiential avoidance may be a perfectly good strategy for managing emotions every now and then, but when it becomes habitual. rigid, and automatic, it tends to cause even more distress and impairment in peoples’ lives.
- When clients connect with their beliefs, they are able to move their life in meaningful directions, even in the face of difficult or painful private experiences.
- When clients are in a state of cognitive fusion, their thoughts and feelings seem like literal rules that must be obeyed or threats that must be dealt with.
1 and 3
_______ operates within a framework of methods, which focuses on the client’s ability to view issues from multiple perspectives and arrive at a resolution of contradictory information and positions.
a) Dialectical behavior therapy
b) Relational frame theory
c) Biosocial theory of personality functioning
d) Acceptance and commitment therapy
A
_____ is a skill involving consideration of what is occurring without evaluating the experience, but by simply noticing it.
a) Dialectical thinking
b) Emotion regulation
c) Acceptance
d) Mindfulness
D
_____ techniques encourage a willingness to have universal experience whenever and wherever they show up without struggling with them, running from them, or giving them too much attention.
a) Awareness
b) Acceptance
c) Dialectical thinking
d) Opposite action
B
The first step in acceptance and commitment therapy is to help clients ______.
a) to develop mindful awareness of their surroundings
b) to identify irrational or illogical thoughts
c) to develop skills to communicate more effectively within interpersonal relationships
d) understand that experiential avoidance is the problem rather than the solution
D
______ helps clients think about what really matters to them and then take action to enrich their lives based on their personal values.
a) Dialectical behavior therapy
b) Relational frame theory
c) Acceptance and commitment therapy
d) Cognitive and behavioral treatment
C
If a client is feeling sad and wants to withdraw, they might try walking tall, maintaining eye contact, and getting out and doing activities to stay busy. This is an example of ______.
a) distress tolerance
b) opposite action
c) the G.I.V.E skill
d) self-soothing
B
You have been conducting dialectical behavior therapy with a client for several months, and they present to a session having recently lost an important relationship. The client is expressing anguish that they rate as a 10 out of 10. In this situation, _______ skills are most likely to be helpful.
a) mindfulness
b) interpersonal effectiveness
c) emotion regulation
d) distress tolerance
D
A friend begins a skills group where they learn how to remain in control of their behaviors while also being sensitive to emotions. This demonstrates the skill of ______ in ______ therapy.
a) acceptance; relational frame
b) wise mind; dialectical behavior
c) committed action; acceptance and commitment
d) noticing thoughts; cognitive-behavioral
B
A colleague participates in an acceptance and commitment therapy workshop, where they learn to help clients to estimate the distance between their current behavior and their values using a ______ metaphor.
a) Bull’s Eye
b) Passengers on a Bus
c) Chessboard
d) Stop Sign
A
The ____ aspect of dialectical behavior therapy captures the treatment’s core philosophy that seemingly _____ ideas can be true at the same time.
a) dialectical; conflicting
b) mindfulness; conflicting
c) dialectical; complex
d) mindfulness; complex
A
_____ is a theory of language that proposes that human cognition and communication are founded in people’s capacity for identifying and creating links between stimuli.
a) Relational frame theory
b) Dialectical thinking theory
c) Acceptance and commitment theory
d) Emotion efficacy therapy
A
_____ is the ability to be in the moment and engage in meaningful activities even when difficult thoughts and feelings “show up” inside.
a) Awareness
b) Emotion regulation
c) Psychological flexibility
d) Dialectical thinking
C
______ is the defense mechanism that occurs when an unconscious impulse is consciously express by its behavioral opposite.
a) repression
b) regression
c) reaction formation
d) fixation
C
Freud was interested in treating ________, a psychological condition marked by paralysis, blindness, and deafness.
a) depression
b) anxiety
c) hysteria
d) psychosis
C
The fulfillment of one’s talents and potential is referred to as ______, and this is a core tenant of ______.
a) unconditional positive regard; Freudian psychoanalytic theory
b) congruence; phenomenological theory
c) empathy; Freudian psychoanalytic theory
d) self-actualization; phenomenological theory
D
Dream analysis consists of two levels: _______, the actual description of the dream, and ______, what it is thought to symbolize.
a) transference; countertransference
b) manifest content; latent content
c) latent content; manifest content
d) countertransference; transference
B
These are two sets of instincts in psychoanalytic theory including ______ and _______.
a) ego; superego
b) id; reality
c) life; death
d) pleasure; latency
C
Which of these is NOT a key feature of psychodynamic psychotherapy?
a) encourages clients to focus on affect and the expression of emotion
b) identifies and focuses on recurring themes and patterns in clients’ thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
c) encourages clients to explore fantasy life (e.g.m uncensored thoughts, feelings, dreams)
d) gives clients the space to further clarify their personal values
D
Which of these is the final stage in Freud’s psychosexual stages?
a) genital stage
b) latency
c) anal stage
d) oral stage
A
Which of these stages occurs DIRECTLY AFTER the phallic stage in Freud’s psychosexual stages?
a) anal stage
b) genital stage
c) latency
d) oral
C
Compared to psychodynamic psychotherapy, interpersonal psychotherapy
a) is largely derived from Freud’s anecdotal experiences.
b) encourages clients to explore fantasy life (e.g., uncensored thoughts, feeling, dreams)
c) is as effective as cognitive therapy in reducing depressive episodes and suicidal ideation.
d) is not based on any degree of scientific study
C
Compared to interpersonal psychotherapy, psychodynamic psychotherapy
a) has been successfully applied primarily for clients with depression
b) involves a more focused, time-limited treatment
c) is not based on any degree of scientific study
d) targets major problem areas such as grief, role transitions, and communication or social skills deficits.
C
Which of these is true?
- The ego uses perception, learning, planning, and so forth to satisfy the needs of the organism while at the same time preserving its place in the world.
- Death instincts are the innate drives that are responsible for all of the positive or constructive aspects of behavior.
- The ego operates according to the reality principle.
1 and 3
Which of these is true?
- Transference is a key phenomenon in psychoanalytic therapy in which the client reacts to the therapist as if the therapist represented an important figure from the client’s personal life.
- The superego is the component of the personality that represents the ideals and values of society as they are conveyed to the child through the words and deeds of their parents.
- The anal stage is the psychosexual stage that extends from about 6 months to 3 years of age, during which the child focuses on urination and defecation as a means of satisfaction.
1,2, and 3
Which of these is true?
- Projection is said to occur when an unconscious impulse is consciously expressed by its behavioral opposite.
- The role of the ego is to mediate the demands of the id, the superego, and the real world to provide satisfaction while also preventing it from being destroyed by the real world.
- The genital stage describes the phase in which a child feels sexual attraction for the parent of the opposite sex and feelings of hostility toward the parent of the same sex.
2 only
Which of these is true?
- Projection is the defense mechanism that occurs when a person attributes their unconscious feelings to someone else.
- The eros operates according to the pleasure principle.
- COngruence refers to the honest expression by the therapist of the behaviors, feelings, and attitudes that have been stimulated by the client.
1 and 3