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A&P 1 > Exam 4/chapter 12-15 lecture quizzes > Flashcards

Exam 4/chapter 12-15 lecture quizzes Flashcards

1
Q

If a neuron is prevented from sending a neurotransmitter across a synapse to another cell, which neuron property is being inhibited?

Secretion
Excitability
Conductivity
Permeability

A

Secretion

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2
Q

Conduction of a nerve impulse would be the fastest in which of the following?

A large diameter myelinated fiber
A small diameter myelinated fiber
A large unmyelinated fiber
A small unmyelinated fiber
A small fiber with multiple Schwann cells

A

A large diameter myelinated fiber

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3
Q

About 90% of the neurons in the nervous system are __________ neurons.
sensory
motor
afferent
efferent
association

A

association

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4
Q

An inhibitory local potential causes which of the following?

Depolarization of the plasma membrane
Hyperpolarization of the plasma membrane
Repolarization of the plasma membrane
Neutralization of the plasma membrane
Drifting of the membrane potential towards the resting membrane potential

A

Hyperpolarization of the plasma membrane

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5
Q

In the brain, neurons are more abundant than neuroglia.
True
False

A

False

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6
Q

In a neuron, the opening of sodium gates typically leads to __________.
-repolarization of the plasma membrane
-hyperpolarization of the plasma membrane
-depolarization of the plasma membrane

-drifting of plasma membrane voltage
toward a more negative value

-plasma membrane voltage returning to the resting membrane potential

A

-depolarization of the plasma membrane

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7
Q

A cholinergic synapse uses __________ as its neurotransmitter.
monoamine
acetylcholine
epinephrine
norepinephrine
catecholamine

A

acetylcholine

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8
Q

Ependymal cells line the inner cavities of the CNS.
TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

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9
Q

In an action potential, which event directly follows repolarization?
1. Threshold is reached
2. Hyperpolarization of the membrane
3. Depolarization of the membrane
4. Hypopolarization of the membrane
5. The resting membrane potential is reinstated

A
  1. Hyperpolarization of the membrane
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10
Q

A neuron can receive thousands of EPSPs from different neurons, and responds by triggering or not triggering an action potential. This addition and response to the net effect of postsynaptic potentials is called __________.

temporal summation
neural summation
spatial summation
neuronal coding
recruitment

A

spatial summation

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11
Q

A nurse pricks your finger to type your blood. You flinch at the pain, pulling your hand back. This is called the __________ reflex.
painful
stretch
flexor (withdrawal)
tendon
crossed extension

A

flexor (withdrawal)

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12
Q

The cervical plexus is the origin of the __________ nerve(s).
oculomotor
sciatic
musculocutaneous
radial
phrenic

A

phrenic

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13
Q

Which of the following branches of a spinal nerve has the somas of only sensory neurons?

Posterior (dorsal) root
Anterior (ventral) root
Posterior ramus
Anterior ramus
Meningeal branch

A

Posterior (dorsal) root

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14
Q

Motor commands are carried by __________ from the brain along the spinal cord.
both anterior and posterior roots
ascending tracts
spinal nerves
cranial nerves
descending tracts

A

descending tracts

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15
Q

The signals that control your handwriting travel down the spinal cord in the _________ tracts.
tectospinal
corticospinal
lateral vestibulospinal
medial vestibulospinal
spinocerebellar

A

corticospinal

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16
Q

A ganglion is a _________.
bundle of axons in the CNS
cluster of dendrites in either the CNS or the PNS
cluster of neurosomas in the PNS
bundle of axons in the PNS
cluster of neurosomas in the CNS

A

cluster of neurosomas in the PNS

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17
Q

A mixed nerve consists of both __________ and ___________.
myelinated; unmyelinated fibers
glial cells; nerve cells
afferent; efferent fibers
association; integration neurons
spinal; cranial fibers

A

afferent; efferent fibers

18
Q

The middle layer of the meninges is called the __________.
gray matter
white matter
dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater

A

arachnoid mater

19
Q

Tendon organs are __________.
chemoreceptors
visceral receptors
proprioceptors
pain receptors
nociceptors

A

proprioceptors

20
Q

Destruction of the amygdala would mostly affect which of the following?

  1. Memory
  2. Awareness of objects
  3. Recognition and identification of objects
  4. Expression of emotional feelings
  5. Cognition
A
  1. Expression of emotional feelings
20
Q

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is most permeable to which of the following?

Platelets, white blood cells, and red blood cells
Sodium, potassium, and chloride
Urea and creatinine
Glucose and oxygen
Antibiotics

A

Glucose and oxygen

21
Q

Degeneration of the neurons in which of the following structures leads to the muscle tremors associated with Parkinson’s Disease?
Cerebral Crus
Tegmentum
Pons
Substantia Nigra
Inferior Colliculi

A

Substantia Nigra

21
Q

“Somatosensory” does not refer to sensory signals from __________.
bones and muscles
joints
proprioceptors
the viscera
the skin

A

the viscera

22
Q

A patient is experiencing a high fever, stiff neck, drowsiness, and intense headaches. A spinal tap showed bacteria and white blood cells in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This individual most likely has what condition?

Parkinson’s Disease
Alzheimer’s Disease
Meningitis
Hydrocephalus
A stroke

A

Meningitis

23
Q

The vision association area resides primarily in the temporal lobe.
True
False

A

false

23
Q

From superficial to deep, the meninges occur in which order?

Dura mater, pia mater, arachnoid
Dura mater, arachnoid, pia meter
Pia mater, dura mater, arachnoid
Pia mater, arachnoid, dura mater
Arachnoid, pia mater, dura mater

A

Dura mater, arachnoid, pia meter

24
Q

Which of the following is not a motor cranial nerve?

Trochlear nerve (IV)
Abducens nerve (VI)
Hypoglossal nerve (XII)
Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)
Accessory nerve (XI)

A

Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

25
Q

The pineal gland is part of which larger region of the brain?
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Occipital lobe
Midbrain
Epithalamus

A

Epithalamus

26
Q

After a stroke, a patient complains about a lack of sensitivity in her right hand. The stroke most likely affected which part of the brain?

  1. Precentral gyrus in the right frontal lobe
  2. Postcentral gyrus in the left parietal lobe
  3. Precentral gyrus in the left frontal lobe
  4. Postcentral gyrus in the right temporal lobe
  5. Postcentral gyrus in the left frontal lobe
A
  1. Postcentral gyrus in the left parietal lobe
27
Q

Both cerebrum and cerebellum have gray matter in their surface cortex and deeper nuclei, and white matter deep to the cortex.

TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

28
Q

Fibers of the vagus nerve end very near or within their target organs.
TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

29
Q

Antagonistic effects of the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system are exemplified in the control of __________.

blood clotting
blood flow to the skeletal muscles
sweating
hair erection
gastrointestinal motility

A

gastrointestinal motility

30
Q

In response to high blood pressure, stretch receptors called __________ in the walls of arteries carrying blood to the head, will trigger a reflex that causes the heart to __________ its beats per minute.

baroreceptors; decrease
proprioceptors; decrease
baroreceptors; increase
proprioceptors; increase
chemoreceptors; increase

A

baroreceptors; decrease

31
Q

Autonomic nervous system fibers are involved in all of the following except __________.

  1. changing the diameter of the pupil
  2. adjusting heart rate and force
  3. altering salivary mucus secretion
  4. regulating gastrointestinal motility
  5. maintaining tonicity of the muscles of the neck
A
  1. maintaining tonicity of the muscles of the neck
32
Q

Preganglionic fibers of the autonomic efferent pathway are _________ and secrete __________.

  1. myelinated; norepinephrine (NE)
  2. myelinated; acetylcholine (ACh)
  3. myelinated; acetylcholine (ACh) and norepinephrine(NE)
  4. unmyelinated; acetylcholine (ACh)
  5. unmyelinated; norepinephrine(NE)
A
  1. myelinated; acetylcholine (ACh)
33
Q

All sympathetic postganglionic adrenergic fibers secrete adrenaline.
TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

34
Q

Sympathetic fibers arise only from the __________ region(s) of the spinal cord.

cervical, thoracic, and lumbar
thoracic and lumbar
thoracic
cervical
lumbar

A

thoracic and lumbar

35
Q

Acetylcholine (ACh) always has an excitatory effect.
TRUE OR FALSE

A

FALSE

36
Q

Sympathetic effects tend to last __________ than parasympathetic effects. One reason is that __________.

  1. shorter; acetylcholine can diffuse into the bloodstream without being broken down
  2. longer; norepinephrine can diffuse into the bloodstream without being broken down
  3. about the same; the two divisions use the same neurotransmitters
  4. shorter; acetylcholine is broken down by acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
  5. longer; acetylcholine is broken down by monoamine oxidase (MAO)
A
  1. longer; norepinephrine can diffuse into the bloodstream without being broken down
37
Q

If a cell has α 1 adrenergic receptors, it is sensitive to __________.

acetylcholine (ACh)
norepinephrine (NE)
adrenaline
alpha adrenaline
nicotine
adrenaline and norepinephrine

A

adrenaline and norepinephrine

A&P 1 (6 decks)

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