Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A&P 1 > A&P 1-Chapter 12/ Nervous Tissue > Flashcards

A&P 1-Chapter 12/ Nervous Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

bundle of nerve fibers (axons) wrapped in fibrous connective tissue

A

Nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

About 90% of the neurons in the nervous system are __________ neurons.
sensory
A)motor
B)afferent
C)efferent
D)association

A

D)association

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When an electrical signal reaches the end of nerve fiber, the cell secretes a chemical neurotransmitter that influences the next cell

A

Secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

If threshold is reached, neuron fires fully.
If threshold is not reached, it does not fire.
This follows an________

A

All-or-none-law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Regeneration of damaged nerve fibers in the CNS can occur but is significantly slower than PNS.

True or False

A

False

Explanation: CNS regeneration cannot occur at all.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What cell provide electrical insulation around the neurosoma?
A) Satellite cells
B) Ependymal cells
C) Schwann cells
D) Schwann cells and Satellite cells

A

A) Satellite cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The ____ ____ system consists of nerves and ganglia

A

Peripheral nervous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Myelinated fibers conduct signals with
______ ______
—(signal seems to jump from node to node)

A

saltatory conduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

_____ _____division carries signals to glands, cardiac and smooth muscle

A

Visceral motor division (autonomic nervous system)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The most abundant glial cell in CNS, covering brain surface and most nonsynaptic regions of neurons in the gray matter are _____
A)Ependymal cells
B)Astrocytes
C)Microglia
D)Oligodendrocytes

A

B) Astrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Supportive cells that bind neurons together and form framework for nervous tissue are called

A

Neuroglia or glial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

If a neuron is prevented from sending a neurotransmitter across a synapse to another cell, which neuron property is being inhibited?
A) Secretion
B) Excitability
C)Conductivity
D)Permeability

A

A) Secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Line internal cavities of the brain; secrete and circulate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
A)Ependymal cells
B)Astrocytes
C)Microglia
D)Oligodendrocytes

A

A) Ependymal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

some neurotransmitters make the membrane potential more negative—hyperpolarize it—so it becomes less likely to produce an action potential. This is known as being ____.

A) Nondecremental or decremental
B) Irreversible or reversible
C)Inhibitory or excitatory
D) Reversible

A

C) Inhibitory
or excitatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

________ releases neurotransmitter and
________ responds to this neurotransmitter.

A) Postsynaptic neuron; Presynaptic neuron
B)Presynaptic neuron; Postsynaptic neuron

A

Presynaptic neuron; Postsynaptic neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

_____ _____ division carries signals from the viscera (heart, lungs, stomach, and urinary bladder)

A

Visceral sensory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What system communicates by means of chemical messengers (hormones) secreted into the blood?

A

Endocrine system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Speed at which a nerve signal travels along surface of nerve fiber depends on two factors. What are the two factors?
A) Length of Fiber and Presence of myelin
B) Diameter of fiber and presence or absence of myelin
C) Diameter of fiber and absence of myelin
D) Length of fiber and presence of absence of myelin

A

B) Diameter of fiber and presence or absence of myelin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

If excitatory local potential reaches____ _____ and is still strong enough, it can open these gates and generate an action potential

A

trigger zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The _____ ______ division carries signals from receptors in the skin, muscles, bones, and joints

A

Somatic sensory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

A cholinergic synapse uses __________ as its neurotransmitter.
A) monoamine
B) acetylcholine
C) epinephrine
D) norepinephrine
E)catecholamine

A

B) acetylcholine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

In the brain, neurons are more abundant than neuroglia.

A)True
B) Fasle

A

B) False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Lie entirely within CNS connecting motor and sensory pathways (About 90% of our neurons) are ____

A

Interneurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

____ _____division carries signals to skeletal muscles

A

Somatic motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Which neural disease causes loss of motor function and slurred speech due to degeneration of dopamine - releasing neurons?

A

Parkinson Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Regeneration of damaged peripheral nerve fiber can occur if its neurosoma is intact and at least some neurilemma remains.

True or False

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

when neuron is damaged, astrocytes form hardened scar tissue and fill in space. This is called____

A) Astrocytosis
B)Sclerosis
C) All of the above

A

C) All of the above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

In a neuron, the opening of sodium gates typically leads to __________.
A) repolarization of the plasma membrane

B) hyperpolarization of the plasma membrane

C) depolarization of the plasma membrane

D) drifting of plasma membrane voltage toward a more negative value

E) plasma membrane voltage returning to the resting membrane potential

A

C) depolarization of the plasma membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

An inhibitory local potential causes which of the following?

A)Depolarization of the plasma membrane

B)Hyperpolarization of the plasma membrane

C)Repolarization of the plasma membrane

D)Neutralization of the plasma membrane

E)Drifting of the membrane potential towards the resting membrane potential

A

B)Hyperpolarization of the plasma membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Supportive cells that protect neurons and help them function are called

A

Neuroglia or glial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

A difference in concentration of charged particles between one point and another

A

Electrical potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Ependymal cells line the inner cavities of the CNS.

A)True
B)False

A

A)True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What has the greatest influence on Resting membrane potential?
A) GABA
B)Sodium
C)Acetylcholine
D)potassium

A

D)potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What cells envelope nerve fibers in the PNS?
A) Satellite cells
B) Ependymal cells
C) Schwann cells
D) Schwann cells and Satellite cells

A

C) Schwann cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Conduction of a nerve impulse would be the fastest in which of the following?
A) A large diameter myelinated fiber
B) A small diameter myelinated fiber
C) A large unmyelinated fiber
D)A small unmyelinated fiber
E)A small fiber with multiple Schwann cells

A

A) A large diameter myelinated fiber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Form myelin sheaths in CNS that speed signal conduction
A)Ependymal cells
B)Astrocytes
C)Microglia
D)Oligodendrocytes

A

D) Oligodendrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

which neurotransmitter Includes the catecholamines:
Epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine?

A) acetylcholine
B) amino acids
C) monoamines
D) neuropeptides

A

C) monoamines

38
Q

What are the diseases of Myelin sheath?
A) Multiple sclerosis
B) MS
C)Tay- Sachs disease
D) All the above

A

D) All the above

39
Q

A neuron can receive thousands of EPSPs from different neurons, and responds by triggering or not triggering an action potential. This addition and response to the net effect of postsynaptic potentials is called __________.

A) temporal summation
B) neural summation
C) spatial summation
D) neuronal coding
E) recruitment

A

C) spatial summation

40
Q

What are the three kinds of synapses?

A

Excitatory cholinergic synapse
Inhibitory GABA-ergic synapse
Excitatory adrenergic synapse

41
Q

______ system employs electrical and chemical means to send messages from cell to cell

A

Nervous

42
Q

One axon and one dendrite is referred to as a _____

A)Multipolar neuron
B)Bipolar neuron
C)Unipolar neuron
D)Tripolar neurom

A

B)Bipolar neuron

43
Q

____________ exists because of unequal electrolyte distribution between extracellular fluid (ECF) and intracellular fluid (ICF)

A) Resting membrane potential
B) Electrical Potential
C) Electrical current
D) Action potential

A

A) Resting membrane potential (RMP)

44
Q

Respond to environmental changes called stimuli

A

Excitability

45
Q

Refractory period is the period of resistance to stimulation which happens in two phases.
What are these two phases called?

A

Absolute refractory period &
Relative refractory period

46
Q

A Single process leading away from neurosoma is referred to as a _____

A

Unipolar neuron

47
Q

Distal end of axon has terminal _____ which is an extensive complex of fine branches

A

arborization

48
Q

Regarding conduction speed, what type of nerve fibers would most likely be present is skeletal muscles?
A) Small, unmyelinated fibers
B) Large,unmyelinated fibers
C)Large,myelinated fibers
D)Small, myelinated fibers

A

C) Large,myelinated fibers

Explanation: because these are the fastest due to larger diameter and myelin presence which further speeds signal conduction.

49
Q

Detect stimuli and transmit information about them toward the CNS

A

Sensory (afferent) neurons

50
Q

Contains synaptic vesicles full of neurotransmitter

A

Axon terminal

51
Q

What is the name of the glial cell that Monitors neuron activity, regulates blood flow to match metabolic need,
Secretes nerve growth factors, and
Communicates electrically with neurons ?

A) Schwann cells
B)Satelite cells
C)Astrocytes
D)Myelin sheath

A

C) Astrocytes

52
Q

Most common neurons in CNS are ___ ____ which contain one axon and multiple dendrites.
A) Bipolar neuron
B)Unipolar neuron
C)Multipolar neuron
D)Anaxonic neuron

A

C)Multipolar neuron

53
Q

Responds to stimuli by producing electrical signals that are quickly conducted to other cells at distant locations

A

Conductivity

54
Q

Tends to arouse body for action
A)Sympathetic division
B) Parasympathetic division

A

A)Sympathetic division

55
Q

Anterograde transport is movement
A) up the axon toward the neurosoma
B)down the axon toward the neurosoma
C) down the axon away from the neurosoma
D)up the axon away from the neurosoma

A

C) down the axon away from the neurosoma

56
Q

100 neurotransmitters have been identified but most fall into four major chemical categories. What are they ?

A

acetylcholine,
amino acids,
monoamines,
and neuropeptides

57
Q

Send signals out to muscles and gland cells (the effectors)

A

Motor (efferent) neuron

58
Q
A
59
Q

In an action potential, which event directly follows repolarization?

A) Threshold is reached
B) Hyperpolarization of the membrane
C) Depolarization of the membrane
D)Hypopolarization of the membrane
E)The resting membrane potential is reinstated

A

B) Hyperpolarization of the membrane

60
Q

Energy is needed to create the resting potential.

True or False

A

True

61
Q

Many CNS and PNS fibers are unmyelinated
A) True
B) False

A

A) True

62
Q

Put the following action potential steps in order from beginning to end:
(note that some steps are missing, there is a total of 7 steps)

1) Depolarization reaches threshold at about 55mV which opens voltage -regulated gates

2)As membrane potential rises above 0 mV, Na+ channels are inactivated and close.

3)Arrival of current at axon hillock depolarizes membrane.

4) Slow K+ channels open and outflow of K+ repolarizes the cell.

A) 4,3,2,1
B) 3,2,1,4
C) 3,1,2,4
D)1,2,3,4

A

C) 3,1,2,4

63
Q

study of cellular mechanisms for producing electrical potentials and currents

A

Electrophysiology

64
Q

Primary site for receiving signals from other neurons

A

Dendrites

65
Q

chemicals secreted by neurons that have long term effects on groups of neurons are called
_______

A

neuromodulators

66
Q

Local potentials get weaker the farther they spread from the point of stimulation. This makes Local potentials _____
A)Graded
B)Reversible
C)Decremental
D)Irreversible

A

C) Decremental

67
Q

originates from a mound on the neurosoma called the axon hillock.

A

Axon (nerve fiber)

68
Q

Tends to have calming effect
A)Sympathetic division
B) Parasympathetic division

A

B) Parasympathetic division

69
Q

A knotlike swelling in a nerve where the cell bodies of peripheral neurons are concentrated.

A

Ganglion (plural, ganglia)

70
Q

If stimulation ceases, the cell quickly returns to its normal resting potential. This is a property or local potentials referred to as _____

A

Reversible

71
Q

control center of neuron and is also called neurosoma or cell body

A

Neurosoma

72
Q

What is the most common inhibitory neutrotransmitter in the brain?

A

y-aminobutyric acid

73
Q

What kind of neuron has many dendrites but no axon and can be found in retina, brain, and adrenal gland?

A

Anaxonic neuron

74
Q

What cells produce a myelin sheath similar to the ones produced by oligodendrocytes in CNS?
A) Satellite cells
B) Ependymal cells
C) Schwann cells
D) Schwann cells and Satellite cells

A

C) Schwann cells

75
Q

____ _____ division carries signals from receptors in the skin, muscles, bones, and joints

A

Somatic sensory division

76
Q

What are the two types of cells that occur only in the PNS?
A) Microglia and Astrocytes
B) Satellite cells and Ependymal cells
C) Ependymal cells and Schwann cells
D) Schwann cells and Satellite cells

A

D) Schwann cells and Satellite cells

77
Q

Retrograde transport is movement
A) up the axon toward the neurosoma
B)down the axon toward the neurosoma
C) down the axon away from the neurosoma
D)up the axon away from the neurosoma

A

A) up the axon toward the neurosoma

78
Q

Adrenergic synapse employs the neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE), also called ________

A

noradrenaline

79
Q

Wander through CNS looking for debris and damage
A)Ependymal cells
B)Astrocytes
C)Microglia
D)Oligodendrocytes

A

C)Microglia

80
Q

What are the gaps between segments within the myelin sheath called
A)Trigger zone
B)Initial segment
C)Internodes
D) Nodes of Ranvier

A

D) Nodes of Ranvier

81
Q

carries signals from CNS to effectors (glands and muscles that carry out the body’s response)
A) Motor (efferent) division
B) Somatic sensory division
C) Visceral sensory division
D)Sympathetic division

A

A) Motor (efferent) division

82
Q

What is the thick, outermost coil of myelin sheath called?

A

Neurilemma

83
Q

the ability to process, store, and recall information and use it to make decisions is called ______

A

Neural integration

84
Q

Which neurotansmitter includesInclude glycine, glutamate, aspartate, and y-aminobutyric acid (GABA)?

A) acetylcholine
B) amino acids
C) monoamines
D) neuropeptides

A

A) acetylcholine

85
Q

One axon and multiple dendrites is a _____ neuron

A

multipolar

mostly found in brain and spinal cord

86
Q

A neuron containing one axon and on dendrite is

A

Bipolar

ex:olfactory cells of the nose, some neurons of retina

87
Q

a neuron with one single process leading away from soma is called

A

unipolar

88
Q

A neuron with multiple dendrites, but not axon is called

A

anaxonic neurons

89
Q

Anterograde transport employs a motor protein called

A

kinesin

90
Q

Retrograde uses a motor protein called

A

dynein

A&P 1 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions