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Health Assessment > Exam 4 (Ch.15&16) > Flashcards

Exam 4 (Ch.15&16) Flashcards

1
Q

Used to lubricate and protect the ear

A

Cerumen

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2
Q

Function of Cerumen

A

helps keep foreign bodies from entering and reaching the TM

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3
Q

Gray and flaky, frequently forms a thin mass in the ear canal; more frequently in Asians and American Indians

A

Dry cerumen

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4
Q

Honey brown to dark brown and moist; more often in Caucasians and African Americans

A

Wet cerumen

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5
Q

What is the structure that connects the middle ear with the nasopharynx and allows for passage of air?

A

Eustachian Tube

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6
Q

When does the Eustachian tube usually open?

A

with swallowing or yawning

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7
Q

This part of the ear is responsible for protecting the inner ear by reducing the amplitude of loud sounds among other things.

A

The middle ear

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8
Q

Functions of middle ear

A

Conducts sound vibrations from the outer ear to central ear, protects inner ear by reducing the amplitude of loud sounds, and Eustachian tube allows equalization of pressure for TM

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9
Q

External portion of the ear is called:

A

Auricle or Pinna

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10
Q

A patients equilibrium is affected. Which part of the ear is responsible for this deficit?

A

Labyrinth (holds sensory organs for equilibrium and hearing

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11
Q

What is contained within the labyrinth?

A

Vestibule and the semicircular canals compose the vestibular apparatus, and the cochlea contains the central hearing apparatus.

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12
Q

If a patient has sensorineural or perceptive loss, what cranial nerve could be affected?

A

Cranial Nerve 8 (conducts impulses to brainstem)

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13
Q

Name the two types of tuning fork tests

A

Weber and Rinne tests (inaccurate and do not yield precise reliable data)

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14
Q

When performing the otoscopic exam on an adult, what do you do with the pinna?

A

Pull pinna up and back

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15
Q

When performing the otoscopic exam on a child, what do you do with the pinna?

A

Pull down

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16
Q

In aging adult, the eardrum may appear thicker or thinner?

A

Thicker (think harder to hear)

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17
Q

When performing the whisper test, how far away should the patient be from the examiner?

A

2 feet (arms length). Test one ear at a time while masking hearing in the other to prevent sound transmission around the head.

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18
Q

A person is experiencing ringing, crackling, and buzzing in their ears. What is wrong with them?

A

Tinnitus (phantom sound)(occurs when cerumen impaction, middle ear infection, or other ear disorders)

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19
Q

What is otitis media

A

Middle ear infection

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20
Q

How does OM occur?

A

obstruction of the Eustachian tube or passage of nasopharyngeal secretions in the middle ear.

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21
Q

What group of people are more likely to have OM?

A

children under the age of 2.

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22
Q

Normal findings when assessing the tympanic membrane.

A

Color: Pearly-gray
Prominent cone of light (5’o’clock in the right ear, 7’o’clock in the left ear)
Position should be flat and slightly pulled in at the center
Membrane should be intact

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23
Q

What are some predisposing factors for otitis media in children?

A 
Absence of breastfeeding for the first 3 months
Bottlefeeding in the supine position
Exposure to tobacco smoke
Daycare
Male gender
Pacifier use
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24
Q

Hearing loss that occurs with aging. Gradual onset over years, mostly high frequency loss, worse in noisy environments.

A

presbycusis

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25
Q

Another term of Otitis Externa is….

A

Swimmer’s Ear. (infection of the outer ear)

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26
Q

S/S Of Swimmer’s Ear

A

severe painful movement of the pinna and tragus, redness and swelling of the pinna and canal, scanty purulent d/c, scaling, itching, fever and enlarged tender regional lymph nodes. More common in hot, humid weather.

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27
Q

You can test the function of the inner ear by:

A

using the romberg test.
It assesses the ability of the vestibular apparatus in the inner ear to help maintain standing balance. also assesses the intactness of cerebellum and proprioception

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28
Q

These filter out the coarsest matter from inhaled air.

A

Nasal hair.

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29
Q

These filter out dust and bacteria

A

Mucosa blanket

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30
Q

What are the three levels of the auditory system?

A

Peripheral: transmits sound and converts into electrical impulses
Brainstem: permits locating the direction of sound in space and identifying the sound
Cerebral cortex: Interprets the meaning of the sound

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31
Q

Mechanical dysfunction of the external or middle ear.
(This is generally a partial loss of hearing). May be caused by impacted cerumen, foreign bodies, a perforated TM, pus or serum in middle ear and otosclerosis.

A

Conductive Hearing loss

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32
Q

Pathology of the inner ear, cranial nerve 8, or the auditory areas of the cerebral cortex. May be caused by presbycusis.

A

Sensorineural (perceptive) loss

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33
Q

the later wall of each nasal cavity contains three parallel bony projections. What are they called?

A

Superior, middle, and inferior TURBINATES

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34
Q

Numerous fibers along the basilar membrane are the receptor hair cells of the……

A

organ of Corti (sensory organ of hearing)

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35
Q

Incidence adn severity of OM have increased in indigenous children from….

A

North American, New Zealand, Australia, and Northern Europe

36
Q

Common cause of conductive hearing loss in young adult’s b/w 20-40. Gradual bone formation causes the footplate of the stapes to become fixed in the oval window, impeding the transmission of sound and causing progressive deafness. Will first notice high-frequency tone loss.

A

Otosclerosis

37
Q

Cause a staggering gait and strong spinning, whirling sensation

A

Vertigo

38
Q

When should infants have a hearing screening

A

Before 1 month (complete eval by 3 months)

39
Q

Dirty yellow/gray discharge, foul odor typically with perforation.

A

Cholesteatoma

40
Q

A marked loss when speech is at a low intensity, but sound actually becomes painful when speaker repeats in a loud voice

A

Recruitment (happens when cerumen expands and becomes impacted after swimming or showering)

41
Q

What medications may be the cause of tinnitus?

A

Aspirin, furosemide (Lasix), and Vancomycin

42
Q

A small, painless nodule at the helix of ear, is a congenital variation and is not significant

A

Darwin’s Tubercle

43
Q

Enlarged, tender lymph nodes near ear indicate

A

inflammation of the pinna or mastoid process

44
Q

What do you assess for when using an otoscope?

A

swelling, lesions, redness, and foreign bodies

45
Q

Absence or closure of the ear canal

A

Atresia

46
Q

What is the best indicator of a middle ear infection in a Newborn

A

Drum immobility

47
Q

How many deciduous teeth are there in the average mouth?

A

20

48
Q

Dense white patches on the eardrum are sequelae of repeated ear infections. Does not necessarily affect hearing.

A

Scarred Drum

49
Q

Season rhinitis if caused by….

A

pollen (perennial if allergen is dust)

50
Q

Nose picking, trauma, vigorous nose blowing, or a foreign body can cause……

A

Epistaxis (nosebleed)

51
Q

What is the function of the turbinates?

A

increase surface area so more blood vessels and mucous membranes are available to warm, humidify, and filter the inhaled air

52
Q

Sinuses drain into…….

A

middle meatus (tears from nasolacrimal duct go to inferior meatus)

53
Q

Air filled pockets within the cranium. They communicate with the nasal cavity and are lined with the same type of ciliated mucous membrane. They lighten the weight of skull bones; serve as resonators of sound production and provide mucus.

A

Paranasal sinuses

54
Q

What 2 sinuses are accessible during examination

A

frontal and maxiallary

55
Q

When examining gums of the elderly patient, what might you notice?

A

gums receding, teeth look slightly yellow, and longer due to receding gums. Surfaces worn down and abraded.

56
Q

Shows the uvula split either completely or partially and occurs in about 2% of the general population and up to 10% in some American Indian groups.

A

Bifid uvula

57
Q

The highest incidence of cleft lip and palate occurs in this ethnic group.

A

Asians (intermediate: Caucasians; lowest in African Americans)

58
Q

What is underlying each turbinate?

A

The meatus

59
Q

The structure that divides the two nares and is continuous inside with the nasal septum? What is it?

A

Columnella

60
Q

Why is the tongue smoother in geriatric patients?

A

papillary atrophy

61
Q

A benign bony ridge running in the middle of the hard palate and occurs in 20-35% of the US population

A

Torus palatinus

62
Q

A benign, milky, bluish-white opaque appearance of the buccal mucosa that occurs commonly in African Americans.

A

Leukodema

63
Q

Small blue-white spots with irregular red halos located in the mouth scattered over the mucosa is better known as?

A

Koplik Spots (early sign and pathognomonic of measles)

64
Q

Chalky white/ thick raised patch with well-defined borders. The lesion is firmly attached and does not scrape off. May occur on lateral edges of tongue.

A

Leukoplakia

65
Q

How can Leukoplakia occur

A

heavy smoking and alcohol use.

66
Q

A white cheesy, curdlike patch on the buccal mucosa on tongue. It scrapes off, leaving a raw, red surface that bleeds easily.

A

Candidiasis or monilial infection (termed thrush in newborns)

67
Q

How do monilial infection occur?

A

use of antibiotics or coritcosteroids and in immunosuppressed people

68
Q

May be caused directly by ear disease or may be referred pain from a problem in teeth or oropharynx

A

Otalgia

69
Q

Pain with movement of tragus is a sign of…..

A

otitis and furuncle (boil)

70
Q

Functions of the nose

A

warms, moistens and filters the inhaled air, and it is the sensory organ for smell

71
Q

What is the most common site of nosebleeds, it is the anterior part of the septum holds rich vascular network.

A

Kiesselbach plexus

72
Q

What cranial nerve transmits to the temporal lobe of the brain?

A

Cranial nerve 1

73
Q

Function of saliva

A

lubricates the food bolus, starts digestion, and cleans and protects the mucosaCr

74
Q

small, isolated white or yellow papules on the mucosa of cheek, tongue, and cheek

A

Fordyce granules

75
Q

Makes uvula and soft palate rise in the midline

A

Cranial Nerve X

76
Q

Used for sticking tongue out

A

Cranial nerve VII

77
Q

Traumatic areas or ulcers on the posterior hard palate on either side of midline. Result from abrasions while sucking.

A

Bednar aphthae

78
Q

Most important side effect of acute OM is…….

A

The persistence of fluid in the middle ear after treatment

79
Q

Mouth and lip turns in due to lack of teeth

A

Edentuious

80
Q

Cherry red lips occurs from (3’

A

Carbon monoxide
Acidosis
Ketoacidosis

81
Q

Beefy red swollen tongue with smooth glossy areas

A

B12 deficiency

82
Q

If tooth loss occurs the remaining teeth drift

A

Maloclusion

83
Q

Normal: sound is equally loud in the both ears
Conductive loss: sound lateralize to poorer ear from background room noise, which masks hearing in normal ear.
Seniorineuro: sound lateralizes to better ear or unaffected ear. Poor ear unable to lateralize sound

A

Weber Test

84
Q

Normal: sound is heard twice as long by AC as by BC.
Conductive loss: person hears equally long by BC and AC or even longer.
Sensorineural: normal ratio of AC>BC is intact but is reduced overall

A

Rinne Test

85
Q

Amber-yellow drum suggests serum in middle ear; feeling of fullness, transient hearing loss, popping sound with swallowing

A

Serous otitis with effusion

86
Q

Severe tinnitus can cause….

A

Depression

87
Q

If the labyrinth is inflamed what can happen

A

Wrong info is sent to brain and can cause unsteady gait (vertigo)

Health Assessment (7 decks)

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