Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Health Assessment > Chapter 17&18 > Flashcards

Chapter 17&18 Flashcards

1
Q

Starting at 45 which ethnic group has a higher incidence of breast cancer?

A

White Woman

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The beginning of breast development precedes…..

A

Menarche (beginning of menstruation) by age 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Women who inherit a mutation on one or both have a significantly increased risk of…..

A

developing breast or ovarian cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What type of therapy increased the risk of developing breast cancer?

A

combined estrogen and progesterone therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How often should a woman perform a self breast exam?

A

Monthly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the best time to perform a breast self-examination

A

Right after a menstrual period, when the breasts are the smallest, palpate while in shower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How many quadrants is the breast divided into

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is located in the upper outer quadrant

A

tail of Spence (cone shaped breast tissue that projects up into the axilla)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the most common site for breast tumors?

A

Upper outer quadrant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which lung has 3 lobes?

A

Right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Posteriorly the location of C7 marks what?

A

apex of the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which lung is shorter?

A

Right (due to the liver being below it)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which lung is more narrow?

A

The left( because the heart is part of this lung)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the lungs separated by?

A

fissures that run obliquely through the chest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What fissure crosses the 5th rib in the mid-axillary line and terminates at the 6th rib in midclavicular line?

A

oblique (major or diagonal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What divides the upper, middle, and lower lobes of the right lung?

A

horizontal (minor) fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The total volume of air exhaled is known as?

A

Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Normal time for full expiration is……

A

4 seconds or less

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What measures lung health in chronic conditions such as asthma

A

spirometer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The number of seconds it takes for the person to exhale from total lung capacity to residual volume

A

Forced expiratory time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the normal outcome of FEV1/FVC ratio?

A

75% or grater (no obstruction of airflow is present)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Noninvasive method to assess arterial oxygen saturation

A

pulse oximeter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Is used as an outcome measure for people in pulmonary rehab because it mirrors conditions that are used in everyday life. Measures functional status in aging adults.

A

6 minute walk test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

FEV1/FCF ratio of 60-70% is

A

mild obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How many points do you auscultate on the posterior chest?

A

9(18)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What lung areas are we to listen to when doing an examination?

A

posterior from the apices at C7 to the base are T10 and laterally from the axilla down to the 7th or 8th rib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the goal of monthly breast examination

A

For the woman to become familiar with the look and feel of her breasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is a common sequela after having a mastectomy?

A

Lymphedema of the upper arms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Clear nipple discharge is called what?

A

Galactorrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What medications may cause clear nipple discharge?

A

oral contraceptives, phenothiazines, diuretics, digitalis, steroids, methyldopa, and calcium channel blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Occurs with trauma, inflammation, infection, and benign breast disease?

A

Mastalgia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What disease starts with a small crust on the nipple apex and spreads to areola?

A

Paget disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What factor do we need to consider when doing breast exams?

A

Age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What type of tissue composes most of the breast?

A

adipose tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Contains 15-20 lobes radiating from the nipple, and these are composed of lobules. Within each lobule are clusters of alveoli that produce milk

A

Glandular tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What are the reservoirs for storing milk in the breast?

A

ampullae or lactiferous sinuses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Fibrous connective tissue extending vertically from the skin surface to attach on chest wall muscles. These support the breast tissue

A

suspensory ligaments or Cooper ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

The relative proportion of glandular, fibrous and fatty tissues varies depending on….

A

age, cycle, pregnancy, lactation, and general nutritional state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

After menopause, what 2 hormones decrease causing tissue to atrophy?

A

Estrogen and Progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is this dead tissue replaced with?

A

fibrous connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Drooping of the breast in aging adults is accentuated by….

A

kyphosis in some older women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

On the breast, a shallow dimple is also called______

A

skin teather

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Looks flatter and broader, like an underlying crater. Can suggest cancer, which causes fibrosis of the whole duct system and pulls in the nipple

A

Nipple Retraction

44
Q

What can produce edema (Peau d’ Orange) of the breast?

A

lymphatic obstruction

45
Q

Asymmetry, distortion, or decreased mobility with the elevated arm maneuver.

A

Fixation

46
Q

Underlying cancer causes fibrosis in the mammary ducts, which pulls the nipple angle toward it. Swelling behind the nipple, and the nipple tilts laterally.

A

Deviation in Nipple Pinting

47
Q

A sudden increase in the size of one breast can signify what?

A

Inflammation or new growth

48
Q

During a breast exam, symmetric free-forward movement of both breasts should be seen while the patient is in what position?

A

leaning forward

49
Q

What indicates skin retraction

A

dimpling or a pucker

50
Q

Where should the patients hands be to contract the pectoralis major muscle?

A

hands onto hips and her to palms together

51
Q

______ is a benign growth of male breast tissue?

A

Gynecomastia

52
Q

What male breast cancer usually present with?

A

painless, firm, retroareolar lump

53
Q

When ausculating vesicular sounds should the examiner expect high or low pitched sounds?

A

Low

54
Q

What are the 3 types of normal breath sounds heard in the adult and older child?

A
  1. Bronchial (high pitched normally hear in trachea and larynx)
  2. Bronchovesicular (moderate pitched and over major bronchi)
  3. Vesicualr (low pitched and over peripheral lung fields)
55
Q

Result of loss of elasticity in the lung fibers and decreased force of inspired air; the lungs are also hyperinflated, so the inhaled air does not make much noise

A

emphysema

56
Q

A silent chest means that no is moving in or out; a ______

A

ominous sign

57
Q

What part of the hand is used to palpate tactile fremitus?

A

Palmar base or ulnar edge of one hand and touch the person’s chest

58
Q

Occurs with obstructed bronchus, pleural effusion or thickening, pneumothorax, or emphysema.

A

Decreased fremitus

59
Q

Occurs with compression or consolidation of lung tissues. Present only when the bronchus is patent and the consolidation extends to the lungs surface..

A

Increased fremitus

60
Q

Palpable with thick bronchial secretions.

A

Ronchal fremitus

61
Q

Palpable with inflammation of the pleura.

A

Pleural friction fremitus

62
Q

In patient with emphysema, which sound is present with percussion

A

Hyperresonance (lower pitched, booming sound found when to much air is present)

63
Q

A coarse, crackling sensation palpable over the skin surface. Occurs in subcutaneous emphysema when air escapes from the lung and enters the subcutaneous tissue.

A

crepitus

64
Q

Low-pitched, clear, hollow sound that predominates in healthy lung tissue in the adult.

A

Resonance

65
Q

Signals abnormal density in the lungs, as with pneumonia, pleural effusion, atelectasis, or tumor

A

dull note

66
Q

When the examiner is placing their hands on the posterolateral chest wall at the level of T9 or T10, what are they checking for?

A

Symmetric Chest Expansion

67
Q

What occurs with tissue hypoxia?

A

cyanosis

68
Q

These muscles lift the sternum and elevate the ribs

A

Intercostal Muscles

69
Q

The normal stimulus to breathe for most of us is an increase of CO2 in the blood

A

hypercapnia

70
Q

What respiratory pattern is characterized by respiration that gradually wax an wane in a regular patter

A

Cheyne-Stokes

71
Q

Rapid, shallow breathing, Increased rate, greater than 24 per minute. Normal response to fever, fear, or exercise

A

Tachypnea

72
Q

Increase in both rate and depth. Normally occurs with exertion, fear, or anxiety.

A

Hyperventilation

73
Q

Slow breathing. A decreased but regular rate, as in drug-induced depression of the respiratory center in the medulla, increased intracranial pressure, and diabetic coma.

A

Bradypnea

74
Q

Similar to Cheyne-Stokes respiration, except that the patter is irregular. A series of normal respiration’s (3-4) is followed by apnea.

A

Biot Respiration

75
Q

Normal inspiration and prolonged expiration to overcome increased airway resistance.

A

Chronic Obstructive Breathing

76
Q

A pleural rub is auscultated with what condition

A

Pleural effusion

77
Q

An allergic hypersensitivity to certain inhaled allergens, irritants, microbes, stress, or exercise that produces a complex response characterized by bronchospasm and inflammation, edema in walls airway

A

Asthma (Reactive Airway Disease

78
Q

Proliferation of mucus glands in the passageways, resulting in excessive mucus secretion. Inflammation of bronchi with partial obstruction of bronchi by secretions or constrictions.

A

Chronic Bronchitis

79
Q

What is the medical term for shortness of breath?

A

Dyspnea

80
Q

Difficulty breathing when supine.

A

Orthopnea

81
Q

Awakening from sleep with SOB and needing to be upright to achieve comfort

A

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

82
Q

Green/yellow sputum is seen with what type of infection

A

Bacterial

83
Q

White or clear mucoid is what type of infection

A

colds, bronchitis, viral infections

84
Q

rust colored sputum is what type of infection

A

TB, pneumococcal pneumonia

85
Q

Pink, frothy sputum could be what disease?

A

pulmonary edema

86
Q

In a child with croup, what lung sound might you hear?

A

Stridor

87
Q

Low-pitched; monophonic single note, musical snoring, moaning. More prominent on expiration

A

Wheeze (sonorous ronchi)

88
Q

Discontinuous, high-pitched, short crackling, popping sounds heard during inspiration that are not cleared by coughing; stimulate sound by rolling a strand of hair between your fingers near your ear.

A

Fine crackles (aka rales)

89
Q

Sound like fine crackles but do not last and are not pathologic; disappear after the first few breaths; heard in axillae and bases of lungs

A

Atelectatic crackles

90
Q

Example of obstruction of airflow

A

COPD

91
Q

Pump failure with increasing pressure of cardiac overload cause pulmonary congestion or an increased amount of blood present in pulmonary capillaries. Dependent air sac deflated

A

Heart Failure

92
Q

Undissolved materials originating in legs or pelvis detach and travel through venous system, returning blood to right heart, and lodge to occlude pulmonary vessels

A

Pulmonary Embolism

93
Q

What scoring system is used for newborns

A

Apgar Scoring System

94
Q

What are the 5 A’s for smoking history

A

Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, Arrange

95
Q

4 major functions of the respiratory system

A
  1. Supplying O2 to body
  2. Removing CO2 as a waste product of energy reactions
  3. maintaining homeostasis
  4. maintaining heat exchange
96
Q

An inflammatory mass before abscess formation. Usually occurs in single quadrant. Area is red, swollen, tender, very hot, and hard, here forming outward from areola upper edge in right breast.

A

Mastitis

97
Q

A pocket pus that feels hard, looks red, and is quite tender accumulates in one local area

A

Breast Abscess

98
Q

Common when milk is not removed completely because of poor latching, ineffective sucking, infrequent nursing, or switching to second breast to soon

A

Plugged Duct

99
Q

Pastelike matter in subareolar ducts produces sticky, purulent discharge that maybe white, gray, brown, green, or bloody.

A

Mammary Duct Ectasia

100
Q

Stages of Sexual Maturity Rating in Girls

A
  1. Preadolescent (small elevated nipples)
  2. Breast bud stage (small mound of breast and nipple develops)
  3. The breast and areola enlarge; nipple is flush with the breast surface
  4. Areola and nipple form a secondary mound over the breast
  5. Mature breast (only nipple protrudes)
101
Q

Discrete benign tumors that arise in a single or multiple papillary ducts. May have serous or serosanguineous discharge.

A

Intraductal Papilloma

102
Q

Best way to detect a breast mass

A

vertical strip pattern

103
Q

higher incedence of breast cancer before age 45 and more likely to die at every age

A

African American women

104
Q

pain with deep breathing

A

inflamed pleurae

105
Q

starts across tops of shoulders; make a side to side comparison all the way down the lung region

A

predominant note over lung fields

Health Assessment (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions