Exam 4: Ch 22 Flashcards

1
Q

productive infections

A

Outcome of a viral infection in which new infectious viral particles are produced

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2
Q

abortive infections

A

Outcome of a viral infection in which few if any new infectious viral particles are produced

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3
Q

acute infections with example

A

Infection of short duration. most common type
Ex: a typical rhinovirus infection

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4
Q

episome

A

Circular piece of viral DNA separate from the host chromosome(s) within the nucleus of a host cell

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5
Q

latency-associated transcript (LAT)

A

Herpesvirus transcript made during latency

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6
Q

persistent infection

A

Viral infection during which new viral particles are continuously produced; also called a “chronic infection”

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7
Q

endogenous retrovirus

A

Viral infection during which new viral particles are continuously produced; also called a “chronic infection”

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8
Q

inclusion body

A

Microscopically visible granule within the cell; composed of aggregated cellular or viral materials

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9
Q

autoimmunity

A

Immune reactions directed inappropriately against the body’s own cells

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10
Q

molecular mimicry

A

Process in which immune cells react against host antigens that resemble antigens of a pathogen

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11
Q

transformation

A

A type of horizontal gene transfer in which a piece of free DNA is taken up by a cell; change within a cell that causes it to become cancer-like

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12
Q

tumorignenesis

A

Formation of a tumor

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13
Q

oncogene

A

Altered form of a proto-oncogene that can lead to uncontrolled cell growth and the development of tumors

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14
Q

quiescent cell

A

Cell that is not actively dividing

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15
Q

tumor suppressor

A

Cellular protein that inhibits cellular replication

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16
Q

immunoprecipitation (IP)

A

Technique in which an antibody is used to precipitate an antigen

17
Q

cis-acting retrovirus

A

Retrovirus that activates a cellular proto-oncogene after integrating into a host chromosome

18
Q

proto-oncogene

A

Gene involved in normal cell growth

19
Q

transducing retrovirus

A

Retrovirus that has acquired a cellular gene and can transfer it to a new cell

20
Q

antigenic drift

A

Gradual change in viral antigens caused by random mutation

21
Q

reassortment

A

Packaging of gene segments from two or more parental virus strains into one virus

22
Q

antigenic shift

A

Dramatic change in viral antigens caused by reassortment

23
Q

latent infection with example

A

These viruses typically undergo a period of acute replication immediately after infecting a host. Subsequently, the production of new viral particles stops. Some event then may cause the production of new viral particles to resume, a process referred to as reactivation.
Ex: herpesvirus

24
Q

Be familiar with processes that contribute to virus evolution

A

mutations, recombinations, reassortment

25
Persistent infection and example
For most classic persistent infections in humans, the production of viral particles continues for years after the initial infection Ex: mammalian reoviruses
26
RNA viruses pick up mutations frequently. Why
they lack a proofreading ability therefore making more alterations in genetic code when transcripting and replicating
27
Apoptosis and its importance during viral infections
it "safely" kills virally infected cells to save cells around it