Exam 4(cardiovascular system)

Question 1

Describe the heart

Answer 1

hollow cone-shaped muscular pump

Question 2

Functions of the heart

Answer 2

generates forces to transport respiratory gases, nutrients, and wastes through body

Question 3

What are the three blood vessels?

Answer 3

Arteries, veins, and capillaries

Question 4

What is the function of veins

Answer 4

Transport blood to the heart

Question 5

What is the function of arteries?

Answer 5

Transport blood away from the heart

Question 6

What is the function of capillaries?

Answer 6

Transport blood between vein and arteries; perform nutrient, gas, and waste exchange

Question 7

During daily normal activities, how long does it take for the heart to pump the entire volume of blood?

Answer 7

1 minute

Question 8

What is the average size of the heart?

Answer 8

About the size of a fist or 14 cm long and 9 cm wide

Question 9

Where is the heart located?

Answer 9

Inside of the thoracic cavity, inside the mediastinum, behind the sternum, above the diaphragm, near lungs.

Question 10

The heart can be divided into what four equal parts?

Answer 10

Left and right atria
Left and right vesicle

Question 11

What are the covering of the heart?

Answer 11

Fibrous pericardium, parietal pericardium, visceral pericardium, pericardial cavity

Question 12

What is the fibrous pericardium

Answer 12

Tough outer layer; Surrounds the double layered serous membrane

Question 13

What is the parietal pericardium

Answer 13

Deep to fibrous pericardium; outer layer of serous membrane

Question 14

What is the visceral pericardium

Answer 14

inner layer of serous membrane; attached to the surface of the heart

Question 15

What is the pericardial cavity

Answer 15

space between visceral and parietal layers of serous pericardium

Question 16

What are the the three distinct layers of the wall of the heart?

Answer 16

Epicardium, myocardium and endocardium

Question 17

Describe epicardium and its function

Answer 17

outer layer thin wall; reduces friction

Question 18

Describe myocardium and its function

Answer 18

middle thickest layer; composed of cardiac muscle

Question 19

Describe endocardium and its function

Answer 19

inner layer thin wall; forms inner lining of all heart chambers

Question 20

What are the names of the hearts chambers

Answer 20

Atria and Ventricle

Question 21

Define atria

Answer 21

thin-walled upper chambers; receives blood returning to heart

Question 22

Define ventricle

Answer 22

Thick-walled lower chambers; pumps blood into arteries

Question 23

What is the name of the valve of the heart? Define it.

Answer 23

Auricles
flap-like projections from atria, which allow atrial expansion

Question 24

What is plasma?

Answer 24

mixture of substance dissolved or suspended in water including gases, amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids, hormones, vitamins, electrolytes and cellular waste.

Question 25

Blood is the only connective tissue with what?

Answer 25

fluid extracellular matrix(plasma)

Question 26

What is the name of the pigment that gives blood its red color?

Answer 26

Hemoglobin

Question 27

Where are formed elements produced?

Answer 27

Red bone marrow

Question 28

What do formed elements consists of?

Answer 28

Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

Question 29

What is plasma composed of?

Answer 29

water, protein, wastes, gases, nutrients, vitamins, hormones, and electrolytes.