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Chemistry 121 > Exam 4 blocks 10-11 > Flashcards

Exam 4 blocks 10-11 Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Solution

A

a homogeneous combination of two or more substances

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2
Q

All _____mixtures are also solutions?

A

homogeneous

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3
Q

can gasses for solutions?

A

yes

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4
Q

What are solid solutions called?

A

alloys

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5
Q

What are the two parts of a solution?

A

the solvent and the solute

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6
Q

What is a solvent?

A

aka matrix

component of the solution with the greatest amount

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7
Q

What is the solute?

A

the component of a solution that is present in a small amount realitive to the amount of solvent

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8
Q

What is a simple solution?

A

a solution with only one solvent

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9
Q

Why do chemists generally only focus on the solutes of a solution?

A

because generally the solutes are what take part in reactions. generally solvents are unreactive

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10
Q

What are the two general types of laboratory solutions?

A

aqueous(water as solvent)

non-aqueous(non water liquid solvent)

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11
Q

most solutions are_____(aqueous/non-aqueous)

A

Aqueous

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12
Q

What is the solubility of a solute?

A

the maximum amount of that solute that will dissolve in a given volume of solvent at a particular temperature and, in the case of a gaseous solute, a particular pressure.

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13
Q

How is the solubility of a solute expressed?

A

grams of solute per 100g of solution

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14
Q

What four factors determine solubility?

A

Temperature
External pressure(if gasses are involved)
Nature of the solvent (intermolecular forces present)
Presence of other solutes

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15
Q

What does it mean when a solute is solvated?

A

Dissolved.

The solvent is able to get in between and then be surround the solute particles

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16
Q

The solubility of most solids _____ when temp increases

A

Increases

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17
Q

The solubility of most gasses _____ when temp increases

A

Decreases

18
Q

What does it mean for a liquid to be miscible?

A

Able to mix completely and form a true mixture

19
Q

What law describes the relationship between gas solubility and pressure? and what does it state?

A

Henry’s law

The solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas over the liquid.

20
Q

What is a saturated solution?

A

a solution that contains the maximum amount of the solute that can be dissolved under the given conditions of the solvent volume, temp, and pressure

21
Q

What is a super saturated solution?

A

Metastable solutions that contain more dissolved solutes than the solvent should be able to contain

22
Q

What two types of attractions bust be disrupted in order for a solute to become solvated?

A

Solute-solute attractions (ionic/covalent bonds)

Solvent-Solvent attractions (intermolecular forces)

23
Q

What attraction forms from solvation?

A

A solvent-solute attraction

24
Q

What three factors affect the rate of solution formation?

A

The state of the subdivision

degree of agitation

temp of mixture

25
Q

What is a solvation sphere?

A

When a solvent detaches a particle from the solute it surrounds it completely resulting in a sphere of solvent around the particle of solute that was detached.

26
Q

What periodic group forms water soluble ions?

A

IA Alkali Metals

27
Q

Is ammonium water soluble?

A

yes

28
Q

are nitrates water soluble?

A

yes

29
Q

Chlorides, Bromides, and iodides are water soluble except when bonded with? what cations

A

Ag, Pb, Hg

30
Q

Are carbonates water soluble?

A

no unless bonded with group IA metals or NH4+

31
Q

are phosphates water soluble?

A

no unless bonded with group IA metals or NH4+

32
Q

Are sulfates soluble

A

Yes unless bonded with Ca, Sr, Ba, Pb cations

33
Q

Are hydroxides soluble?

A

No unless bonded with Ca, Sr, Ba, Pb cations or group IA elements

34
Q

what does it mean for a solution to be concentrated?

A

a high ratio of solute to solvent

35
Q

What does it mean for a solution to be dilute

A

a low ratio of solute to solvent

36
Q

What is the concentration of a solution?

A

a quantitative description of the solution

37
Q

what is the diff between mass of solution and mass of solute

A

mas of solution is the mass of the solvent and the solute together

38
Q

What is molarity?

A

the number of moles of a substance per liter

39
Q

When diluting solutions, the more concentrated solution is called the?

A

stock solution

40
Q

What is the dilution equation formula?

A

C(s) X V(s) = C(d) X V(d)

41
Q

What are colligative properties?

A

the physical properties of solutions that depend only on the numberconcentration of solute particles

Chemistry 121 (6 decks)

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