EXAM 4 Flashcards
1
Q
risk factors for osteoporosis
A
Alcohol use Corticosteroid use Calcium low Estrogen low Smoking Sedentary lifestyle
2
Q
how to prevent osteoporosis
A
exercise, calcintonin, bisphosphonate, raloxifene, vit D 400-800, and calcium 1000-2000
3
Q
why do preterm infants have difficulty breathing at birth
A
lungs are not fully developed. they have insufficient production of surfactant and lungs become stiff
4
Q
what is the most important education regarding mammograms
A
> 40 yearly
earlier if you have a family history
5
Q
thrive in alkaline environment
malodorous, green discharge
A
trichomoniasis
6
Q
tx for trichomoniasis
A
metronidazole (flagyl)
7
Q
normal flora replaced
grayish white discharge, fish odor
A
bacterial vaginosis
8
Q
tx for bacterial vaginosis
A
metronidazole (flagyl)
climdamycin (cleocin)
9
Q
asymptomatic in women
most common
A
chlamydia
10
Q
main cause of PID
A
chlamydia
11
Q
tx of chlamydia
A
azithromycin, doxycycline, or erythromycin
12
Q
dysuria and dyspareunia
A
gonorrhea
13
Q
tx of gonorrhea
A
rocephin, ciprofloxacin
14
Q
caused by treponema pallidum
A
syphilis
15
Q
stages of syphilis
A
primary- highly contagious chancre sores
secondary- enlarged liver and spleen
tertiary- difficult to treat; paralysis and psychosis
16
Q
tx for syphilis
A
penicillin
17
Q
cause of herpes
A
HSV 1 AND 2
18
Q
clustered vesicles on genitals, pain, tenderness, flu like symptoms
A
herpes
19
Q
tx for herpes
A
acyclovir and abstinence
20
Q
soft grayish pink cauliflower like lesions
need frequent pap smear
A
genital warts- hpv
21
Q
associated with cervical cancer
A
genital warts
22
Q
moniliasis, yeast infection, and changes in vaginal ph
A
candidiasis
23
Q
symptoms include vaginal itching, cottage cheese discharge, burning with urination
A
candidiasis
24
Q
tx for candidiasis
A
OTC monistat, or -zoles
25
what do you suction
mouth first then nose
26
apnea greater than 20 seconds
this is abnormal; administer surfactant
27
insufficient production of surfactant, lungs become stiff- noncompliant
respiratory distress syndrome
28
what is considered post term infant
42 weeks
29
```
poor placenta function
no vernix, dry, cracked, peeling skin
unusually alert
wide eyed
thin
loose skin
no languo
long nails
head of hair
thin cord
```
post term infant
30
cause of ROP
high levels of oxygen in blood contribute to this
31
what happens due to ROP
visual impairment or blindness; dont give too much oxygen and they will need eye exam
32
serious inflammatory condition of intestinal treat
NEC; nectroizing enterocolitis
33
what causes NEC and why
feeding too early or too often can contribute to it
34
Abdominal girth increases, larger gastric residuals, vomiting, blood in stools
NEC ; measure abdominal growth
35
tx for NEC
antibiotics, stop enternal feeding, and possible surgery
36
assess babys pain
PIPP -premature infant pain profile
NIPS-neonatal infant pain scale (same thing)
facial expressions like quivering lips or grimacing face; o2 changes, changes in HR, crying, cry face, red face, furrowed brow, squeezing eyes
37
greater than 90% on growth cart
| weighing 4000 g or more at birth
LGA
38
longer labors, shoulder dystocia and clavicle injuries, congenital heart defects, hypogylcemia and polycythemia
large gestational age
39
intrauterine growth restriction in small gestational age is caused by
vasoconstriction
40
congenital malformations, chromosomal anomalies, multiple births, infection, poor placenta function, maternal preeclampsia, smoking
risk factors for small gestational age
41
risk factors for macrosomic infants
longer labors, birth injuries, shoulder dystocia, cogenital heart defects
42
difference between diabetic tremors and preterm tremors
diabetic cant stop but preterm can
43
education for oral birth control
risk for clotting
dont smoke
same time everyday
44
how do we know they are ready to feed
rooting, sucking, respirations <60, gag reflex
45
how do we know they are not ready to feed
excessive gastric residuals, respirations >60- cant feed orally
46
how do we assess for jaundice
check level q8 hours by blanching the skin (pressing over bony prominence). determine infants oral intake and # of stools
47
interventions for baby with hyperbilirubinemia
maintain thermal environment- prevent cold stress or hypoglycemia
nutrition-infant receives feedings as prescribed
protect eyes
48
why is it hard to thermoregulate small babies
```
low body weight
little fat
thin skin, visible blood vessels
extension of extremities
low temp
```
49
5 things indicate heat loss
```
mottled skin
lethargy
respiratory distress
hypoglycemia
weak cry
```
50
measurements of head, chest, length, and weight
support high caloric needs, monitor temp
assess for hypoglycemia, respiratory distress, and hypothermia
assess for jaundice
prevent heat loss
interventions for small babies
51
skin
full-cracked skin
| pre-thin, transparent, less fat, red
52
lanugo/vernix
full-
| pre-abundant
53
muscle tone and posture
full-flexion of arms and legs
| pre-more extended
54
popliteal angle
full-fixed flexion
| pre-less relaxin in preterm, over flexion of popliteal
55
sole creases
full-more
| pre-less
56
ear formation
full-formed and fixed, flops back
| pre-not as formed, will not flop into place if flattened
57
square window
full-more relaxin, more flexion
| pre-less flexion
58
scarf sign
full-will not cross completely
| pre-crosses completely due to lack of muscle tone
59
heel to ear
full-cannot reach ear
| pre-reaches ear
60
genitalia
full-full coverage of labia, testes may have descended, more rugae
pre-clitoris and minora exposed, testes dont descende, less rugae
61
how to preterm infants thermoregulate themselves
kangaroo care/skin to skin
62
mild respiratory problem of babies that begins after birth and lasts about 3 days
TTN -TRANSIENT TACHYPNEA
63
transient means
temporary
64
what is MAS
meconium aspiration syndrome
65
what to do for MAS
suction !
66
how to assess the infant of a diabetic mother
look for trauma, anomalies, respiratory difficulty; HYPOGLYCEMIA- jittery or tremors
67
if a baby is withdrawing from heroine what will they be put on
methadone
68
infants reflexes if theyre born addicted
hyperreflexia with poor muscle tone
69
what does cocaine do the mom and baby
mom: vasoconstricts, hypoxia, tremors, tachycardia, abruptae placentae, spontaneous abortion, PROM, preeclampsia
baby: irritability, increased tone, easily distressed, affects SNS
70
side effects of oral contraceptives
```
Abdominal pain
Chest pain, dyspnea
Headache severe
Eye problems, loss of vision
Swelling of calf/thigh; redness
```
71
risk for pregnancy in the first 3 months
vasectomy
72
last 3 years and quick return of fertility
implanon
73
every 12 weeks and must get another shot
depo
74
must take within 72 of sex
plan b
75
better compliance
fertility returns within 1 month
3 weeks on and 1 week off
orthoevra
76
leave in for 3 weeks and remove for 1
nuvaring
77
extremely effective
| replace 5-10 years
IUD
78
When is a woman considered not fertile
1 full year of trying
79
3 contributing factors to infertility
disorders in ovulation- PCOS
abnormalities of tubes- scarring, endometriosis
abnormalities of cervix- inadequate progesterone
80
predicts if lungs are mature or not
amniocentesis
81
what can you give mom to prevent RDS
corticosteriods
82
what is considered pre term
before 37 weeks. late preterm is 34-36 weeks
83
full term
39 weeks
84
post term
42 weeks
85
ROP is seen in babies
1500 g or less
86
body is derived from o2
asphyxia
87
if womans water is mec stained
risk for infection
| monitor for hyperthermia and hypertension
88
first questions to ask a patient before teaching about oral contraceptives
DVT?
| SMOKER?
89
diabetics are prone to
yeast infections due to sugar
