EXAM 4 Flashcards
risk factors for osteoporosis
Alcohol use Corticosteroid use Calcium low Estrogen low Smoking Sedentary lifestyle
how to prevent osteoporosis
exercise, calcintonin, bisphosphonate, raloxifene, vit D 400-800, and calcium 1000-2000
why do preterm infants have difficulty breathing at birth
lungs are not fully developed. they have insufficient production of surfactant and lungs become stiff
what is the most important education regarding mammograms
> 40 yearly
earlier if you have a family history
thrive in alkaline environment
malodorous, green discharge
trichomoniasis
tx for trichomoniasis
metronidazole (flagyl)
normal flora replaced
grayish white discharge, fish odor
bacterial vaginosis
tx for bacterial vaginosis
metronidazole (flagyl)
climdamycin (cleocin)
asymptomatic in women
most common
chlamydia
main cause of PID
chlamydia
tx of chlamydia
azithromycin, doxycycline, or erythromycin
dysuria and dyspareunia
gonorrhea
tx of gonorrhea
rocephin, ciprofloxacin
caused by treponema pallidum
syphilis
stages of syphilis
primary- highly contagious chancre sores
secondary- enlarged liver and spleen
tertiary- difficult to treat; paralysis and psychosis
tx for syphilis
penicillin
cause of herpes
HSV 1 AND 2
clustered vesicles on genitals, pain, tenderness, flu like symptoms
herpes
tx for herpes
acyclovir and abstinence
soft grayish pink cauliflower like lesions
need frequent pap smear
genital warts- hpv
associated with cervical cancer
genital warts
moniliasis, yeast infection, and changes in vaginal ph
candidiasis
symptoms include vaginal itching, cottage cheese discharge, burning with urination
candidiasis
tx for candidiasis
OTC monistat, or -zoles
what do you suction
mouth first then nose
apnea greater than 20 seconds
this is abnormal; administer surfactant
insufficient production of surfactant, lungs become stiff- noncompliant
respiratory distress syndrome
what is considered post term infant
42 weeks
poor placenta function no vernix, dry, cracked, peeling skin unusually alert wide eyed thin loose skin no languo long nails head of hair thin cord
post term infant
cause of ROP
high levels of oxygen in blood contribute to this
what happens due to ROP
visual impairment or blindness; dont give too much oxygen and they will need eye exam
serious inflammatory condition of intestinal treat
NEC; nectroizing enterocolitis
what causes NEC and why
feeding too early or too often can contribute to it
Abdominal girth increases, larger gastric residuals, vomiting, blood in stools
NEC ; measure abdominal growth
tx for NEC
antibiotics, stop enternal feeding, and possible surgery
assess babys pain
PIPP -premature infant pain profile
NIPS-neonatal infant pain scale (same thing)
facial expressions like quivering lips or grimacing face; o2 changes, changes in HR, crying, cry face, red face, furrowed brow, squeezing eyes
greater than 90% on growth cart
weighing 4000 g or more at birth
LGA
longer labors, shoulder dystocia and clavicle injuries, congenital heart defects, hypogylcemia and polycythemia
large gestational age
intrauterine growth restriction in small gestational age is caused by
vasoconstriction
congenital malformations, chromosomal anomalies, multiple births, infection, poor placenta function, maternal preeclampsia, smoking
risk factors for small gestational age
risk factors for macrosomic infants
longer labors, birth injuries, shoulder dystocia, cogenital heart defects
difference between diabetic tremors and preterm tremors
diabetic cant stop but preterm can
education for oral birth control
risk for clotting
dont smoke
same time everyday
how do we know they are ready to feed
rooting, sucking, respirations <60, gag reflex
how do we know they are not ready to feed
excessive gastric residuals, respirations >60- cant feed orally
how do we assess for jaundice
check level q8 hours by blanching the skin (pressing over bony prominence). determine infants oral intake and # of stools
interventions for baby with hyperbilirubinemia
maintain thermal environment- prevent cold stress or hypoglycemia
nutrition-infant receives feedings as prescribed
protect eyes
why is it hard to thermoregulate small babies
low body weight little fat thin skin, visible blood vessels extension of extremities low temp
5 things indicate heat loss
mottled skin lethargy respiratory distress hypoglycemia weak cry
measurements of head, chest, length, and weight
support high caloric needs, monitor temp
assess for hypoglycemia, respiratory distress, and hypothermia
assess for jaundice
prevent heat loss
interventions for small babies
skin
full-cracked skin
pre-thin, transparent, less fat, red
lanugo/vernix
full-
pre-abundant
muscle tone and posture
full-flexion of arms and legs
pre-more extended
popliteal angle
full-fixed flexion
pre-less relaxin in preterm, over flexion of popliteal
sole creases
full-more
pre-less
ear formation
full-formed and fixed, flops back
pre-not as formed, will not flop into place if flattened
square window
full-more relaxin, more flexion
pre-less flexion
scarf sign
full-will not cross completely
pre-crosses completely due to lack of muscle tone
heel to ear
full-cannot reach ear
pre-reaches ear
genitalia
full-full coverage of labia, testes may have descended, more rugae
pre-clitoris and minora exposed, testes dont descende, less rugae
how to preterm infants thermoregulate themselves
kangaroo care/skin to skin
mild respiratory problem of babies that begins after birth and lasts about 3 days
TTN -TRANSIENT TACHYPNEA
transient means
temporary
what is MAS
meconium aspiration syndrome
what to do for MAS
suction !
how to assess the infant of a diabetic mother
look for trauma, anomalies, respiratory difficulty; HYPOGLYCEMIA- jittery or tremors
if a baby is withdrawing from heroine what will they be put on
methadone
infants reflexes if theyre born addicted
hyperreflexia with poor muscle tone
what does cocaine do the mom and baby
mom: vasoconstricts, hypoxia, tremors, tachycardia, abruptae placentae, spontaneous abortion, PROM, preeclampsia
baby: irritability, increased tone, easily distressed, affects SNS
side effects of oral contraceptives
Abdominal pain Chest pain, dyspnea Headache severe Eye problems, loss of vision Swelling of calf/thigh; redness
risk for pregnancy in the first 3 months
vasectomy
last 3 years and quick return of fertility
implanon
every 12 weeks and must get another shot
depo
must take within 72 of sex
plan b
better compliance
fertility returns within 1 month
3 weeks on and 1 week off
orthoevra
leave in for 3 weeks and remove for 1
nuvaring
extremely effective
replace 5-10 years
IUD
When is a woman considered not fertile
1 full year of trying
3 contributing factors to infertility
disorders in ovulation- PCOS
abnormalities of tubes- scarring, endometriosis
abnormalities of cervix- inadequate progesterone
predicts if lungs are mature or not
amniocentesis
what can you give mom to prevent RDS
corticosteriods
what is considered pre term
before 37 weeks. late preterm is 34-36 weeks
full term
39 weeks
post term
42 weeks
ROP is seen in babies
1500 g or less
body is derived from o2
asphyxia
if womans water is mec stained
risk for infection
monitor for hyperthermia and hypertension
first questions to ask a patient before teaching about oral contraceptives
DVT?
SMOKER?
diabetics are prone to
yeast infections due to sugar
