Exam 4 Flashcards
1.

Amalgam
Opening or hole in bone located on the external surface of the mandible in the region of the mandibular premolars.
Radiolucent/Radiopaque?
Mental foramen
Radiolucent

1.

Dental base
Opening or hole in bone located at the midline of the anterior portion of the
hard palate directly posterior to the maxillary central incisors.
Radiolucent/Radiopaque?

Incisive foramen #1
Radiolucent

Identify #1.

Border of maxillary sinus
Linear prominence of bone located on the internal surface of the mandible that extends downward & forward from the ramus?
Radiolucent/Radiopaque?
Internal oblique ridge

Radiopaque
2.

Radiopaque amalgam restorations
1.

PDL space
Identify the air space image #2

nasopharyngeal
Intersection of the maxillary sinus & the nasal cavity
as viewed on a dental radiograph.
Radiolucent/Radiopaque?
Inverted Y
Radiopaque

J or U shape located above the maxillary first molars.
Radiolucent/Radiopaque?

zygomatic process of maxilla #4

Radiopaque
2.

Mylohyoid ridge
1.

Full metal crowns form bridge abutments
Identify the age of this patient

Age 12
Name the classification of dental caries illustrated by 3

C-3 Advanced Caries
Advanced: Lesion that extends to or through the DEJ but does not extend more than half the distance to the pulp
Identify #1.

Border of maxillary sinus
Identify #5.

Lateral pterygoid
Sharp projection of the maxilla located at the
anterior and inferior portion of the nasal cavity.
Radiolucent/Radiopaque?
Nasal Spine
Radiopaque
Identify the age of this patient

Age 8
4
Identify the following:

PDL Space
Rounded prominence of bone that extends
posterior to the third molar region.
Radiolucent/Radiopaque?
Maxillary Tuberosity #2
Radiopaque

Identify the following:
(tube-like passageways through bone supplying blood vessels and nerves to maxillary teeth and bone, appear as narrow bands)

Nutrient Canals in Max Sinus
Identify #3.

Nutrient foramen

6.

Post and core
2.

Severe caries
Tiny tube-like passageways through bone that house blood vessels and nerves supplying the maxillary teeth and the interdental areas.
Radiolucent/Radiopaque?
Nutrient canals
Radiolucent
Identify #3

ear

Amalgam tattoo
9.

Retention pin
7
Identify the following Radiopaque Anatomical Landmarks
(sharp projection located at the anterior and inferior portion of nasal cavity, appears v-shaped, intersection of floor of nasal cavity and septum)

Anterior nasal spine

Radiopaque lesion
1.

Supernumeray tooth with dilacerated root
Name the classification of dental caries illustrated by 2

C-2 Moderate Caries
Moderate: Lesion that extends more than halfway through enamel but does not involve the dentinoenamel junction (DEJ)

External resorption
5
Identify the following Radiopaque Anatomical Landmarks
(vertical bony wall dividing nasal cavity, appears as a vertical partition, and may be superimposed over median palatine suture)

Nasal Septum
3.

Mandibular canal
Identify # 1

Biteblock
Found beneath the enamel and surrounds the pulp cavity.
Radiolucent/Radiopaque?
Dentin
Radiolucent

Bony projection of the sphenoid bone located distal to the maxillary tuberosity region
(**not seen on PA radiographs)
Radiolucent/Radiopaque?
Lateral pterygoid plate #5
Radiopaque

Identify the age of this patient

Age 11
Linear prominence of bone located on the
external surface of the body of the mandible.
Radiolucent/Radiopaque?
External oblique ridge
Radiopaque

6.
Identify the following:

Border of nasal fossa
5.
Identify the following radiolucent anatomical landmarks
(tiny opening in bone on internal surface of mandible, surrounded by genial tubercles appears apical to mandibular incisors)

lingual foramen

Identify #2.
(paired cavities located above maxillary molars and premolars and extend into furcations, interdental bone, and tuberosity region, appear over apices of maxillary posteriors)

Maxillary sinus
Identify 3.
(bony projection appears J or U shaped superior to maxillary 1 st molar region)

Zygomatic process of maxilla
Tiny bumps of bone that serve as attachment sites for the muscle.
Appear as ring shape around the lingual foramen.
Radiolucent/Radiopaque?
Genial tubercles
Radiopaque

1.

Radiopaque pins
Identify the age of this patient

8 year old
Identify #4.

Maxillary sinus
Identify # 1

Spinal column (cervical vertebrae)
6.
Identify the following Radiolucent Anatomical Landmark

Border of nasal fossa

Incisive canal cyst
1
Identify the following:

Dentin

1.

Irregular margins of amalgam
Identify #4.
(formed by zygomatic process of maxilla and temporal bone, appears as diffused band extending posterior from zygomatic process of maxilla)

Zygoma

Dens in dente
Identify #3.

Inverted Y landmark
2.

Metal pontic
Immovable joint between the two palatine processes of the maxilla.
Extends from the alveolar bone between the
maxillary central incisors to the posterior hard palate.
Radiolucent/Radiopaque?
Median palatine suture
Radiolucent

1.
Identify the following:

Outline of nose
1.

Composite resin
(Appears slightly more radiopaque than dentin)

5
Wall of the tooth socket that surrounds the root of a tooth.
Dense cortical bone surrounds the root of the tooth.
Radiolucent/Radiopaque?

Lamina Dura
Radiopaque

1.

Full metal crown
1.

Radiopaque metal shell
PFM metal part
2.

Radioluscent dental base
Identify the age of this patient

8-9 years old
Identify the age of this patient

15 year old
The inverted Y landmark is composed of the intersection of what two structures?
a. lateral wall of the nasal cavity and anterior border of the maxillary sinus
b. anterior border of the maxillary sinus and inferior border of the mandible
c. lateral wall of the nasal cavity and soft tissue shadow of the nose
d. inferior border of the zygomatic process and the anterior nasal spine
a. lateral wall of the nasal cavity
and
anterior border of the maxillary sinus

raidographic evidence of resorption that appears to shorten a tooth root is call
a. internal
b. primary
c. external
d. secondary
c. external resorption


Internal resorption
(Widening of the pulp chamber)
Bony walls that appear to divide the maxillary sinus into compartments.
Radiolucent/Radiopaque?
Border of Maxillary Sinus #1
Radiopaque

3
Identify the following:

Pulp Chamber

Identify the air space image #3

glossopharyngeal
2.
Identify the following radiolucent anatomical landmark
(tubelike passageways through bone containing nerves and blood vessels to teeth, appear as vertical lines in thin bone)

Nutrient canal
lingual view

Bony wall formed by the palatal processes of the maxillae
& the horizontal portions of the palatine bones.
Radiolucent/Radiopaque?
Floor of Nasal Fossa
Radiopaque

External Resorbtion

Identify the age of this patient

Age 8

Surgical wire
1.
Identify the following radiolucent anatomical landmarks
(tubelike passageways through bone containing nerves and blood vessels to teeth, appear as vertical lines in thin bone)

Nutrient canal
Identify the age of this patient

8 year old
3.

Mental foramen
2.

PFM
(Porceline Full Metal Crown)
Tiny opening or hole located on the internal surface of the mandible,
below the mandibular incisors.
Radiolucent/Radiopaque?
Lingual Foramen
Radiolucent

1.
Identify the following radiopaque anatomical landmark
(linear prominence extending from premolar to premolar, appears as a thick band superimposed over anterior teeth)

Mental ridge
Lingual view

Outer most layer of the crown of a tooth.
Radiolucent/Radiopaque?
Enamel

Radiopaque
1.

Glass ionomer bonding
Pear-shaped compartment of bone located superior to the maxilla.
Large area above maxillary incisors.
Radiolucent/Radiopaque?
Nasal fossa (cavity) #4
Radiolucent

4.

Composite resin
Which of the following facial bones could appear on a periapical radiograph?
a. occipital
b. parietal
c. frontal
d. zygoma
d. zygoma #4

Identify #2.

Nasal fossa
1
Identify the following
(exit of nasopalatine nerve, appears ovoid
between roots of maxillary central incisors in radiographs)

Incisive foramen
4.
Identify the following radiolucent anatomical landmark
(paired cavities located above maxillary molars and premolars and extend into furcations, interdental bone, and tuberosity region, appear over apices
of maxillary posteriors)

Maxillary sinus

Retained root fragment
1.

Radioluscent composite resin
2.

Torus mandibularis
6.

PFM crown

PFM
(Implant replaced tooth)
Name the classification of dental caries illustrated by 4

C-4 Severe Caries
Severe: Lesion that extends through enamel, through dentin, and more than half the distance to the pulp
Each of these features will appear radiopaque EXCEPT one.
Which one is the EXCEPTION?
a. ridge
b. sinus
c. tubercles
d. process
b. sinus #4

5.

Porcelain crown
Which of the following will most likely appear as a radiopacity outlining the tooth root?
a. PDL space
b. lamina dura
c. nutrient canal
d. cementum
b. lamina dura

2.

Amalgam

Hypercementosis
excessive formation** of **cementum** along a **tooth root**, this enlargement will usually take on a **bulbous appearance** toward the **root apex
5.

Gutta-percha
2.

Periapical radiolucency
5
Identify the following Radiolucent Anatomical Landmark
(vertical bony wall dividing nasal cavity, appears as a vertical partition, and may be superimposed over median palatine suture)

Nasal Septum
Identify the age of this patient

Age 9-10
2.

Overhang
Identify the age of this patient
Age 13-15
8
Identify the following Radiolucent Anatomical Landmark
(immovable joint between two palatine processes of maxilla, appears as a thin line between maxillary central incisors in radiographs)

Median palatine suture

5.
Identify the following:

Superimposition of first premolar over canine
Identify # 6.

Inferior border of mandible

1
Identify the following:

Primary Canine
4.

Submandibular fossa
Scooped out depressed area of bone located on the internal surface of the mandible inferior to the mylohyoid ridge, molar region.
Radiolucent/Radiopaque?
Submandibular fossa
Radiolucent

Identify the age of this patient

7 year old
7.

Silver point endodontic filler
2.

Less radiopaque ceramic porcelain crown
PFM porcelain part
2.

Smooth edges of full metal crown
7.
Identify the following:

Cancellous bone

Linear prominence of cortical bone located on the external surface of the anterior portion of the mandible (premolar/incisor region).
Radiolucent/Radiopaque?
Mental ridges
Radiopaque

3
Identify the following Radiolucent Anatomical Landmarks
(smooth depression located between lateral and canine, appearance varies in area between maxillary canines and lateral incisors)

Lateral fossa
4
Identify the following Radiolucent Anatomical Landmark
(pear-shaped compartment of bone located superior to maxilla and
divided by nasal septum, appears as a large area above maxillary incisors in radiographs)

Nasal fossa
4.
Identify the following radiopaque anatomical landmark
(tiny bumps of bone on lingual aspect of mandible, appears as
ring shape opacity apical to incisor)

Genial tubercles

Very radiopaque outer layer of bone?
Cortical Plate of the Mandible

4.

Radiopaque cement under crown
2.
Identify the following:

Outline of the nose
4
Identify the following Radiolucent Anatomical Landmarks
(pear shaped compartment of bone located superior to maxilla and divided by nasal septum, appears as a large area above maxillary incisors in radiographs)

Nasal fossa
Identify #3

palate
6
Identify the following:

Root Canal

2.

Amalgam

When nutrient canals open at the surface of the bone, they often appear radiographically as…?
a. small radiolucent dots
b. large radiopaque lines
c. small radiolucent lines
d. small radiopaque dots
a. small radiolucent dots

#1
Name the classification of dental caries illustrated by 1

C-1 Incipient Caries
Incipient: Lesion that extends less than halfway through the enamel
8
Identify the following radiopaque anatomical landmark
(prominence of bone on anterior ramus, attachment site for muscles of mastication, triangular in appearance, appears superimposed over maxillary tuberosity region in radiographs)

Coronoid process of mandible
Identify #6.

Border of zygomatic arch

Dilaceration
Each of the following may appear on a periapical radiograph of the
maxillary posterior region EXCEPT one? Which one is the EXCEPTION?
a. maxillary sinus
b. incisive foramen
c. zygomatic arch
d. hamaulus
b. incisive foramen


Globulomaxillary cyst
Vertical bony wall or partition that divides the nasal cavity
into the right or left nasal fossa.
Radiolucent/Radiopaque?
Nasal Septum
Radiopaque
Identify the age of this patient

7 years ild
Identify the age of this patient

9 year old
3.

Retention pin
Marked prominence of bone found on the anterior ramus of the mandible,
triangle shape in maxillary tuberosity region.
Radiolucent/Radiopaque?
Coronoid process
Radiopaque

Identify the age of this patient
14-15 years old
Identify # 2.
(pear-shaped compartment of bone located superior to maxilla and divided by nasal septum, appears as a large area above maxillary incisors in radiographs)

Nasal fossa
Identify #1

Tongue
Each of the following may appear on a periapical radiograph of the
mandibular anterior region EXCEPT one? Which one is the EXCEPTION?
a. genial tubercles
b. mental ridge
c. coronoid process
d. mylohyoid foramen
c. coronoid process #8
3.
Identify the following radiopaque anatomical landmark
(bony projection appears J or U shaped
superior to maxillary 1st molar region)

Zygomatic process of maxilla

Turus mandibularis
1.

Caries
7
Identify the following radiopaque anatomical landmark
(rounded prominence posterior to 3rd molar region
blood vessels and nerves enter maxilla to supply posterior teeth)

Maxillary tuberosity
7.
Identify the following Radiopaque Anatomical Landmark
(sharp projection located at anterior and inferior portion of nasal cavity, appears
v-shaped, intersection of floor of nasal cavity and septum)

Anterior nasal spine
5.
Identify the following radiopaque anatomical landmark
(formed by zygomatic process of maxilla and temporal bone, appears as diffused band extending posterior from zygomatic process of maxilla)

Zygoma
Round or ovoid hole in bone on the lingual
aspect of the ramus of the mandible.
Radiolucent/Radiopaque?
Mandibular Foramen
Radiolucent

Identify #2

opposite side mandible
Identify #2.
(paired cavities located above maxillary molars and premolars and extend into furcations, interdental bone, and tuberosity region, appear over apices of maxillary posteriors)

Maxillary sinus
Thin line around the root of a tooth.
Radiolucent/Radiopaque?
Periodontal Ligament
Radiolucent
Located between the roots of the teeth.
Radiolucent/Radiopaque?
Alveolar bone
Radiopaque

Identify #6.

Border of zygomatic arch
Identify the age of this patient

10 years old
3.

Broken dental bur
Identify #2

soft palate
Identify the age of this patient

5 year old
2.

Lamina dura
Which of these mandibular anatomical features may be recorded on a periapical radiograph of the maxillary posterior region?
a. mandibular cnanal
b. submandibular fossa
c. inferior border of the mandible
d. coronoid process
d. coronoid process

8
Identify the following Radiolucent Anatomical Landmarks
(immovable joint between two palatine processes of maxilla, appears as a
thin line between maxillary central incisors in radiographs)

Median palatine suture
Soft spongy bone that is located
between two layers of dense cortical bone.
Cancellous bone

3.
Identify the following:

Permanent Canine
4.

Submandibular fossa
Which of these structures appears radiolucent (dark)?
a. enamel
b. cementum
c. dentin
d. pulp
d. pulp #3

8.

Base material
Identify the air space image #1

Palatoglossal
2
Identify the following Radiolucent Anatomical Landmarks

Incisive Foramen
(exit of nasopalatine nerve, appears ovoid between
roots of maxillary central incisors in radiographs)
3.
Identify the following radiopaque anatomical landmark
(intersection of anterior border of maxillary sinus and lateral wall of nasal fossa, appears as an upside-down Y, located above maxillary canine)

Inverted Y landmark
what term describes a lesion located around an unerupted tooth crown?’
a. interproximal
b. periapical
c. pericoronal
d. interradicular
c. pericoronal
refers to a location around a tooth crown.
the failure of a tooth or multiple teeth to develop is call
a. hyperdontia
b. hypodontia
c. supernumerary
d. dens in dente
b. hypodontia

3.

Radioluscent glass ionomer

Supernumerary tooth
5
Identify the following:

Lamina Dura

Each of these features will appear radiolucent (dark) EXCEPT one.
Which one is the EXCEPTION?
a. foramen
b. suture
c. canal
d. spine
d. spine #7

1.

Oblique Ridge

Fusion of mandibular lateral and central incisors
Identify #1 and # 2

- Cartilage
- hyoid bone
Identify the age of this patient

Age 6
Each of the following may appear on a periapical radiograph of the
mandibular posterior region EXCEPT? Which one is the EXCEPTION?
a. mental foramen
b. pterygoid plate
c. mandibular canal
d. mylohyoid ridge
b. pterygoid plate #4

3
Identify the following
(smooth depression located between lateral and canine, appearance varies in area between maxillary canines and lateral incisors)

Lateral fossa
1.
Identify the following Radiolucent Anatomical Landmark
(smooth depression located between lateral and canine, appearance varies in area between maxillary canines and lateral incisors)

Lateral fossa
Identify the age of this patient

5-6 year old
Cheekbone that articulates with the
zygomatic process of the maxilla.
Radiolucent/Radiopaque?
Zygomatic arch or Zygoma

Radiopaque
4.
Identify the following radiopaque anatomical landmark
(bony walls dividing maxillary sinus into compartments, appears as
lines within maxillary sinus, presence varies with anatomy)

Septum in maxillary sinus
Identify the age of this patient

8 years old
Small hook-like projection of bone that extends from the
medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone.
Radiolucent/Radiopaque?
Hamulus #5
Radiopaque

2
Identify the following:

Enamel

Identify #2

side positioner guides
Contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic on x-ray.
Radiolucent/Radiopaque?
Pulp
Radiolucent


Distomolar
7.

PFM crown
4.
Identify the following:

Permanent first premolar
Identify #1.

Lateral fossa
Which of the following structures may be recorded radiographically
superimposed over the roots of the maxillary molars?
a. mastoid process
b. maxillary tuberosity
c. zygomatic process
d. mylohyoid ridge
c. zygomatic process #3

1.

Stainless steel crown
(Notice the see through appearance)
3.

amalgam
A cavity in pits or fissures on the occlusal surfaces of molars and premolars; facial and lingual surfaces of molars.
Lingual surfaces of maxillary incisors
Class I

Cavity on proximal surfaces of premolars and molars
Class II

Cavity on proximal surfaces of incisors and canines that
do not involve the incisal angle
Class III

Cavity on proximal surfaces of incisors or canines that
involve the incisal angle
Class IV

Cavity on the cervical third of the facial or lingual surfaces of any tooth (Think of the neck of the tooth)
Class V

Cavity on incisal edges of anterior teeth
and cusp tips of posterior teeth
(very top surface of a tooth)
Class VI

Identify the following

Proximal surface carries
Identify the following

Vertical angulation
Identify the following

Horizontal angulation
Identify the following

PA proximal surface carries
Identify the following

Interproximal caries
Identify the following

Early-stage of Occlusal caries
Identify the following

Advanced Occlusal caries
Identify the following

Severe Occlusal caries
Identify the following

Buccal or Lingual caries
Identify the following

Cemental (root) caries
Identify the following

Cemental (root) caries
Identify the following

Recurrent caries
Identify the following

Rampant caries
Identify the following

Nonmetallic restorations and caries
Identify the following

Cervical burnout
Identify the following #1

Severe occlusal caries.
Identify the following #2

Radiolucent lines creating a mach band effect caused by overlapped enamel.
Identify the following #3

Incipient distal surface caries.
Identify the following #4

Cervical burnout.
Identify the following

Triangulation = widening of the PDL space.
Triangulation appears to form a radiolucent angular gap, with its base toward the tooth crown and its point toward the root apex, between the radiopaque lamina dura and the root surface of the tooth.
1 and #2
Identify the following

(1) Large deposits around the cervical region of the teeth.
(2) Height of alveolar bone remaining as a result of periodontal disease.
1 and #2
Identify the following

Local contributing factors
(1) Amalgam overhang and (2) calculus
Identify the following
A

Correct vertical angulation
Identify the following
B

Incorrect vertical angulation
Identify the following

Health or Gingivitis.
Alveolar crest located 1 to 2 mm apical to the CEJ of the teeth.
Identify the following

Health or Gingivitis—anterior region
Identify the following

Mild Periodontitis - Posterior
The alveolar crest is located 2 to 3 mm apical to the CEJ of the teeth indicating up to a 15 % bone loss
Radiolucent cupping-out of the lamina dura, especially visible between the mandibular first and second molars. Radiopaque calculus is visible on the proximal surfaces of the teeth.
Identify the following

Mild Periodontitis—anterior region.
Blunting of the lamina dura and radiolucent widening of the PDL space. Radiopaque calculus is visible on the proximal surfaces and across the
cervical necks of the teeth.
Identify the following

Moderate Periodontitis
Moderate bone loss (16 to 30 percent) , bone levels between
3 and 5 mm below the CEJ of the teeth
Horizontal and vertical patterns of bone loss observed. Radiolucency in the furca of the mandibular molars. Radiopaque calculus is visible on the proximal surfaces of the teeth.
Identify the following

Moderate Periodontitis—anterior region.
Bone level 3 to 5 mm apical to the CEJ, indicating 16–30% bone loss.
Identify the following

Severe Periodontitis - posterior region
Bone level greater than 5 mm apical to the CEJ. Radiolucencies indicating furcation involvement. Radiopaque calculus visible on the proximal surfaces of the teeth.
Identify the following

Severe Periodontitis—anterior region.
Bone level greater than 5 mm apical to the CEJ, indicating greater than 30% bone loss. Radiopaque calculus visible on the proximal surfaces of the teeth.