Exam 3 (Chs. 20, 21, 23-26)

Question 1

Each of the following statements regarding film mounting is correct EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

a. Mounted films are easy to store.
b. Mounting decreases the chance of error caused by confusing the patient’s right and left sides.
c. Lingually mounted radiographs allow for easy transfer of findings to the patient’s record.
d. Patient communication is enhanced when films are mounted.

Answer 1

c. Lingually mounted radiographs allow for easy transfer of findings to the patient’s record.

When films are mounted _labially,_ radiographic findings can be easily transferred to the patient’s dental chart. This orientation corresponds to the order in which teeth and anatomic structures are drawn on most dental and periodontal charts.

Question 2

Which of these statements is FALSE?

a. The lingual method of film mounting is recommended by the American Dental Association and the American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology.
b. With the labial method of film mounting, the radiographs are mounted so that the embossed dot is convex.
c. With the lingual method of film mounting, the radiographs are mounted so that the embossed dot is concave (dimple).
d. With the labial method of film mounting, the viewer’s right is the patient’s left.

Answer 2

a. The lingual method of film mounting is recommended by the American Dental Association and the American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology.
* The labial method of film mounting is the method recommended by the American Dental Association and the American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology.*

Question 3

Which of the following statements regarding film mounting methods is correct?

a. With the labial method, the embossed dot is concave.
b. With the lingual method, the embossed dot is convex.
c. With the lingual method, the viewer is reading the radiographs as if facing the patient.
d. With the labial method, the viewer is reading the radiographs as if facing the patient.

Answer 3

d. With the labial method, the viewer is reading the radiographs

as if facing the patient.

With the labial method, what the viewer observes on the right side of the radiograph corresponds to the patient’s left side. The viewer’s right is the patient’s left.

Question 4

Which of the following statements regarding film mounting is correct?

a. Anterior periapical radiographs are placed in the oral cavity with the long dimension of the film packet positioned horizontally.
b. Size #1 film is usually used to radiograph the anterior regions.
c. Size #4 film is usually used to radiograph the posterior regions.
d. Posterior periapical radiographs are placed in the oral cavity with the long dimension of the film packet positioned vertically.

Answer 4

b. Size #1 film is usually used to radiograph the anterior regions.
* When mounting a full mouth series of radiographs, it is helpful to use film sizes and orientation in the oral cavity to help with the mounting process.*

Question 5

From the following, select the correct generalization

that aids in mounting radiographs.

a. Most roots curve toward the mesial.
b. Premolars have the longest roots when compared to adjacent teeth.
c. Maxillary anterior teeth are larger than mandibular anterior teeth.
d. Maxillary molars have two roots.

Answer 5

c. Maxillary anterior teeth are larger than mandibular anterior teeth.
* Most roots curve toward the distal. Canines generally have the longest roots. Maxillary molars generally have three roots. Base knowledge of radiographic anatomy helps the operator mount radiographs correctly.*

Question 6

From the following, select the correct generalization that

aids in mounting radiographs.

a. Posterior films are oriented to give a slight “smile” appearance.
b. The presence of a third root on mandibular molars makes it difficult to view bone in the furcation area.
c. Roots and crowns of mandibular anterior teeth are larger and longer than those of the maxilla.
d. Large, radiolucent areas denoting the nasal fossa or sinus indicate that the image is of the mandibular arch.

Answer 6

a. Posterior films are oriented to give a slight “smile” appearance.

The body of the mandible has a distinct upward curve toward the ramus in the molar area.

Question 7

Which of the following would indicate that a film was mounted incorrectly?

a. The radiographs appear in anatomical order.
b. The identification dots are not all oriented in the same way.
c. The roots are pointing up for the maxilla and down for the mandible.
d. The radiographs are firmly secured in the mount.

Answer 7

b. The identification dots are not all oriented in the same way.

Identification dots must all be either convex or concave and not some one way and some another way,

to distinguish the patient’s right and left sides.

Question 8

Which of these statements is FALSE?

a. Dental radiographs may be viewed by the dentist, dental hygienist, or dental assistant.
b. Diagnosis is defined as identification and determination of the nature of an abnormal condition or disease.
c. Dental radiographs may be interpreted by all members of the oral health care team.
d. Diagnosis is the responsibility of the dental assistant and dental hygienist.

Answer 8

d. Diagnosis is the responsibility of the dental assistant and dental hygienist.

Diagnosis** is the responsibility of the **dentist.

Question 9

Which of these statements regarding viewing equipment is FALSE?

a. A magnifying glass may be used to aid the viewer.
b. Clear plastic film mounts help reduce glare and enhance the detail of the images.
c. Subdued room lighting is best for viewing radiographs.
d. Viewbox lighting must be of uniform intensity and evenly diffused.

Answer 9

b. Clear plastic film mounts help reduce glare and

enhance the detail of the images.

• The use of black plastic or gray cardboard mounts helps to reduce glare*
• and enhance the detail of the images.*

Question 10

Which of these statements is FALSE?

a. Once exposed and processed, heat can no longer affect dental film.
b. Misplaced radiographs can result in risk-management problems.
c. Radiographs should be retained indefinitely.
d. Radiographs should be handled with care to avoid smudging or scratching.

Answer 10

a. Once exposed and processed,

heat can no longer affect the dental film.

Radiographs should be protected from heat damage by storage in a cool, well-ventilated area.

Question 11

To mount radiographs, the radiographer must possess knowledge of:

a. film brands and sizes.
b. pathology and diagnosis.
c. normal anatomy.
d. All of the above.

Answer 11

c. normal anatomy.
* Thorough knowledge of the normal anatomy of the teeth and jaws*
* is needed* to mount radiographs correctly.

Question 12

Each of the following is an advantage of film mounting EXCEPT one.

Which one is the EXCEPTION?

a. Aids viewing and interpretion
b. Prevents unnecessary retakes
c. Facilitates storage of radiographs
d. Provides meaningful patient education

Answer 12

b. Prevents unnecessary retakes

Advantages of film mounting include: easier viewing and interpretation; decreased chance of error caused by confusing the patient’s right and left sides; viewing films side by side allows for easy comparison between different views; less handling of individual radiographs results in fewer scratches and fingerprint marks; film mounts can mask out distracting side light, making radiographs easier to view and interpret; film mounts provide a means for labeling the radiographs with the patient’s name, date of exposure, name of the practice, and so on; they are easy to store; patient education and consultations are enhanced when films are mounted; when mounted labially, radiographic findings can be easily transferred to the patient’s dental chart.

Question 13

If a film packet is placed in the patient’s mouth correctly,

which side will face the source of radiation?

a. The white, unprinted side with the embossed dot concave
b. The white, unprinted side with the embossed dot convex
c. The colored, printed side with the embossed dot concave
d. The colored, printed side with the embossed dot convex

Answer 13

b. The white, unprinted side with the embossed dot convex (pimple)
* Placing the white, unprinted side of the film packet toward the lingual surface of the teeth positions the tube side of the film facing the radiation source. In this position, the embossed dot will be correctly positioned convex.*

Question 14

With the lingual method of film mounting, the embossed dot will be ____________, and the viewer will interpret the radiographs as if ___________________________.

a. convex, facing the patient
b. concave, facing the patient
c. convex, standing behind the patient
d. concave, standing behind the patient

Answer 14

d. concave (dimple)

standing behind the patient

With the lingual mounting method, the radiographs are mounted so that the embossed dot is concave. In this position, the viewer is reading the radiograph as if standing behind the patient. Therefore, what the viewer observes on the right side of the radiograph would correspond to the patient’s right as well. Essentially, the viewer’s right is the patient’s right.

Question 15

With the labial method of film mounting, the embossed dot will be ____________, and the viewer will interpret the radiographs as if ___________________________.

a. convex, facing the patient
b. concave, facing the patient
c. convex, standing behind the patient
d. concave, standing behind the patient

Answer 15

a. convex (pimple)

facing the patient

With the labial method of film mounting, the radiographs are mounted so that the embossed dot is convex. In this position, the viewer is reading the radiograph as if standing in front of, and facing, the patient. Therefore, what the viewer observes on the

right side of the radiograph would correspond to the patient’s left side.

Question 16

Which of these mandibular teeth generally have the longest roots?

a. Central incisors
b. Lateral incisors
c. Canines
d. Premolars

Answer 16

c. Canines

Canine teeth generally have the longest roots when compared to adjacent teeth.

Question 17

Dental assistants and hygienists may:

a. make a final diagnosis from dental radiographs alone.
b. make a final diagnosis from dental radiographs and the clinical examination.
c. interpret dental radiographs and use them to help educate the patient regarding oral conditions.
d. place and expose dental radiographs but not read them.

Answer 17

c. interpret dental radiographs and use them to help educate the

patient regarding oral conditions.

Interpretation is explanatory and may be defined as reading the radiograph and explaining what is observed in terms the patient understands. The dentist, dental assistant, and dental hygienist may interpret radiographs and use them in patient education.

Question 18

Black opaque or cardboard film mounts are preferred because they:

a. are less expensive and more readily available from the manufacturer.
b. are more common and therefore easily shared with other practices.
c. make placing films in the windows easier.
d. block extraneous light to aid in interpretion.

Answer 18

d. block extraneous light to aid in interpretation.

Black plastic or gray** cardboard mounts are often **preferred over clear plastic mounts** because they can **block out** extraneous **light** from the **view box,** enhancing **viewing and interpretation.

Question 19

Which statement(s) regarding film mounting is (are) true?

a. It allows the radiographs to be viewed in a systematic order.
b. It helps to prevent lost films.
c. It provides a means for labeling the films with pertinent data.
d. All of the above.

Answer 19

d. All of the above.

Advantages of film mounting include: easier viewing and interpretation; decreased chance of error error caused by confusing the patient’s right and left sides; viewing films side by side allows for easy comparison between different views; less handling of individual radiographs results in fewer scratches and fingerprint marks; film mounts can mask out distracting side light, making radiographs easier to view and interpret; film mounts provide a means for labeling the radiographs with the patient’s name, date of exposure, name of the practice, and so on; they are easy to store; patient education and consultations are enhanced when films are mounted; when mounted labially, radiographic findings can be easily transferred to the patient’s dental chart.

Question 20

After orienting the embossed dots all the same way, the next suggested step when systematically mounting dental radiographs is to:

a. separate anterior periapical radiographs from posterior periapical radiographs.
b. separate maxillary periapical radiographs from mandibular periapical radiographs.
c. separate bitewing radiographs from periapical radiographs.
d. label the film mount with the patient’s name and date.

Answer 20

c. separate bitewing radiographs from periapical radiographs.
* After orienting the embossed dots all the same way, the next suggested step when systematically mounting dental radiographs is to separate the bitewing from the periapical radiographs.*

Question 21

All radiographs, whether intraoral or extraoral, should be mounted.

True

False

Answer 21

False.

Film mounting** refers **only to intraoral films.

Extraoral radiographs must be labeled to identify the right and left sides of the patient and placed in an envelope labeled with the patient’s name and date of exposure.

Question 22

A single intraoral radiograph should be placed in a coin envelope and

attached to the patient’s chart.

True

False

Answer 22

False.

It is better to mount even a single radiograph or small group of radiographs. The film mount provides a place to record the patient’s name, date of exposure, and other pertinent information and helps to prevent damage from handling.

Question 23

Clear plastic mounts are preferred over black plastic or gray cardboard mounts.

True

False

Answer 23

False.

Black plastic or gray cardboard mounts are preferred over clear plastic mounts because they block out extraneous light from the viewbox.

Question 24

Mandibular premolar and molar radiographs should be oriented

so that a slight “smile” appearance is viewed.

True

False

Answer 24

True.

The body of the mandible has a distinct upward curve toward the ramus in the molar area.

Question 25

Radiographs may be **best interpreted** by **holding the film up** to the **overhead** room light. True False

Answer 25

**False.** ***Holding a radiograph up** to the overhead room light **will not provide adequate conditions** in which to observe detailed, subtle images on the radiograph.*

Question 26

Some view boxes are equipped with a **magnifying glass**. True False

Answer 26

**True.** *A **viewbox and magnifying glass are required for optimum film viewing**. Some viewboxes are **equipped with a magnifying glass**. Otherwise, a handheld magnifying glass should be used to aid the viewer.*

Question 27

**Patient radiographs** should be retained **indefinitely.** True False

Answer 27

**True.** ***Radiographs** should be **preserved until the statute of limitations has expired.** However, laws vary from state to state and may not always apply under certain conditions.* ***Therefore, radiographs should be retained indefinitely.***

Question 28

The **identification dot** on **intraoral radiographs** is used to distinguish the patient’s **left and right sides.** True False

Answer 28

**True.** *Since the radiograph may be viewed from either side, it is important that the radiographer understand the **role the identification dot plays in film orientation.***

Question 29

The **lingual method** of film mounting is the **preferred method.** True False

Answer 29

**False.** The **labial method** of film mounting is the **preferred method.**

Question 30

**Mandibular molars** generally have **two divergent roots** that are distinctly observed radiographically. True False

Answer 30

**True.** Because of the divergence of the **two roots of mandibular molars,** bone can be seen between them on the radiograph. **Maxillary molars have three roots.** The presence of a **palatal root on maxillary molars** makes it **difficult to visualize three distinct roots.**

Question 31

A practice may contact a *manufacturer of film mounts* to order a **custom-designed mount for that practice.** True False

Answer 31

**True.** ***Film mounts are available in many sizes and with numerous combinations of windows or frames** to fit films of different sizes. Standard commercially made mounts are available, or companies will make custom mounts to suit special needs.*

Question 32

When a film packet is **positioned correctly** in the oral cavity, the **embossed identification dot** will **automatically be oriented** so that the **convexity or concavity** may be used to identify the **patient’s left and right sides.** True False

Answer 32

**True.** *If the film packet was placed in the patient’s oral cavity correctly, the raised portion of the identification dot (the convexity) automatically faces the x-ray tube and the source of radiation.* ***Therefore, when the radiograph is viewed later, the identification dot may be relied on to determine which are the patient’s left and right sides.***

Question 33

A radiograph may **_only_** be **viewed correctly** from the **side with the embossed dot convex.** True False

Answer 33

**False.** A radiograph may be **viewed from either side**, so it is important that the radiographer understand the **role the identification dot plays in film orientation.**

Question 34

Clues that **assist** the radiographer in the **mounting process** include using the **size and orientation of the film packet.** True False

Answer 34

**True.** ***Size #1 film i**s often used to radiograph the **anterior region**. Additionally, **anterior periapical** radiographs are placed in the oral cavity with the long dimension of the film packet positioned **vertically,** whereas **posterior periapical** radiographs are placed in the oral cavity with the long dimension of the film packet positioned **horizontally.** These clues may be used to help the radiographer determine where to position the films in the mount.*

Question 35

**Roots** and **crowns** of the **mandibular anterior teeth** are **larger** and **longer** than those of the **maxillary teeth**. True False

Answer 35

**False.** ***Roots** and **crowns** of the **maxillary anterior teeth** are l**arger and longer** than those of the **mandibular teeth.***

Question 36

The **_incisive foramen_**_,_ the **_median palatine suture_**, and the **genial tubercles** are all **anatomical landmarks** that can be found on radiographs of the **_maxillary_ anterior region.** True False

Answer 36

**False.** *The **genial tubercles** are **anatomical landmarks** that can usually be recorded on **anterior radiographs** of the **mandible.***

Question 37

The **oblique ridge, mylohyoid ridge**, and **submandibular fossa** are all **anatomical landmarks** that can be found on radiographs of the **mandibular posterior region.** True False

Answer 37

**True.** *The oblique ridge, mylohyoid ridge, and submandibular fossa are all anatomical landmarks that can be found on radiographs of the mandibular posterior region.*

Question 38

To **optimize viewing** of digital radiographs, the **computer monitor** should be located in an area of **bright light.** True False

Answer 38

**False.** *Coping with overhead room lighting reflecting off the monitor screen is a consideration the radiographer will have to manage. **Setting up the monitor** in a position to **minimize reflections** from **overhead room lighting or ambient lighting entering the room through windows will assist with reducing glare that can interfere with interpretation.***

Question 39

The **interpretation of radiographs** is **improved** if the radiographer develops a **systematic method** for reading the images. True False

Answer 39

**True.** The mounted radiographs **must be viewed in a systematic order to prevent errors in interpretation.** All available radiographs should be **examined for a specific condition**, and then the **examination process should be repeated for the next condition.**

Question 40

The **lingual method** of mounting radiographs positions the **embossed dot** **convex (pimple).** True False

Answer 40

**False.** The **lingual method** of mounting radiographs positions the **embossed dot concave (dimple).** The **labial method** of mounting radiographs positions the **embossed dot convex (pimple).**

Question 41

Each of the following must be **added** to **radiographic findings** for **accurate diagnosis** EXCEPT one. Which one is the **EXCEPTION**? a. Medical and dental history b. Clinical observations c. Signs and symptoms d. Past radiation exposure

Answer 41

d. **Past radiation exposure** ***Radiation exposure history does not contribute any information that would assist in diagnosis.***

Question 42

Which of the following **restorative materials** appears the **most radiolucent (dark)**? a. Silicate b. Gutta-percha c. Stainless steel crown d. Implant

Answer 42

a. **Silicate** **Older** composite **restorative material** such as **silicate** often appears **radiolucent** or **about** the **same density (darkness)** as **dentin.**

Question 43

Which of the following **restorative materials** may appear **radiopaque (light)** or **radiolucent (dark)**? a. Amalgam b. Sealants c. Composite d. Gold

Answer 43

c. **Composite** In the past, **older composite restorative** materials appeared **radiolucent.** Manufacturers of **composite** materials **now put radiopaque fillers** into the material. Radiographs may **reveal** the **presence of both radiolucent and radiopaque composite restoratives.**

Question 44

**Base material** (calcium hydroxide pastes) and **cement** exhibit approximately the **same degree of radiopacity** as: a. enamel. b. dentin. c. bone. d. amalgam.

Answer 44

b. **dentin.** **Enamel, bone**, and **amalgam** would all appear more **radiopaque (light).**

Question 45

**Radiographs are helpful in revealing each of the following EXCEPT one**. Which one is the EXCEPTION? a. Amalgam particles in soft tissue b. Bluish-colored gingiva c. Base material d. Overhanging restorations

Answer 45

b. **Bluish-colored gingiva** **Bluish-colored gingiva** may indicate the **presence** of **amalgam particles** in the soft tissue. However, **soft tissue** **does not image on a radiograph.**

Question 46

Which of these statements regarding the **radiographic appearance** of **dental materials is FALSE**? a. A full metal crown may be distinguished from amalgam by its smooth margins. b. A stainless steel crown has a see-through appearance. c. A porcelain jacket appears more radiopaque than a full metal crown. d. Porcelain appears about the same density as dentin.

Answer 46

c. A **porcelain jacket** appears more **radiopaque (light)** than a **full metal crown.** **Porcelain** appears about the **same density as dentin (dark)**. Therefore, a **porcelain jacket** would **appear less radiopaque (light)** than a **full metal crown.**

Question 47

Which of these statements is **FALSE**? a. Post and core restorations resemble implants radiographically. b. Retention pins have a shape that is easy to identify on the radiograph. c. Retention pins are located in the dentin only. d. Post and core restorations are always observed in conjunction with endodontic filling material.

Answer 47

a. **Post and core** restorations **resemble implants radiographically.** **Post and core** restorations **build up a tooth** so that it **can support a crown**. A **post and core** would **appear within** a **pulp chamber** of a **tooth** that has been treated **endodontically.** An **implant** takes the place of a **missing tooth.**

Question 48

Which of the following **restorative crown** types **appears** the **least radiopaque** (light)? a. Porcelain fused to _metal_ b. Full _metal_ c. Stainless _steel_ d. Porcelain

Answer 48

d. **Porcelain** The **lack of metal** in a **porcelain crown** would make this restoration **appears less radiopaque (light).**

Question 49

Which of these **dental anomalies** will **NOT** be **recorded on a dental radiograph**? a. Dilaceration b. Mesiodens c. Gingival recession d. Dens in dente

Answer 49

c. **Gingival recession** ***Radiographs do not image the soft tissue of the gingiva accurately enough to observe _gingival recession._***

Question 50

Which of these will **appear radiopaque (light)**? a. An abscess b. A cyst c. A granuloma d. Osteosclerosis

Answer 50

d. **Osteosclerosis** **Osteosclerosis** occurs in regions of **abnormally dense bone**, making this condition appear **radiopaque**. An abscess, cyst, and granuloma will appear **radiolucent (dark).**

Question 51

On a radiograph, an **amalgam tattoo** may appear as a(n): a. radiolucency. b. radiopacity. c. bluish-colored irregularity. d. overhang.

Answer 51

b. **radiopacity.** ## Footnote ***Amalgam** that **fractures during an extraction** and **falls into the root socket** or **under the gingival tissue** may **impart a bluish-purple color** to the **tissue**, called an **“amalgam tattoo.”** Because the **amalgam is dense**, it will* *appear **radiopaque (light)** on the radiograph.*

Question 52

Which of these **sequences of interpreting radiographic images** is **recommended**? a. Examine the teeth, determine the location of the suspected caries and periodontal disease, check the condition of restorations, and identify landmarks. b. Identify landmarks, examine the teeth, check the condition of restorations, and determine the location of the suspected caries and periodontal disease. c. Determine the location of the suspected caries and periodontal disease, examine the teeth, identify landmarks, and check the condition of restorations. d. Check the condition of restorations, determine the location of the suspected caries and periodontal disease, identify landmarks, and examine the teeth.

Answer 52

b. **Identify** landmarks, **examine** the teeth, **check the condition** of restorations, and **determine the location** of the **suspected caries** and **periodontal disease**. * The radiographer should **first identify normal radiographic anatomy,** then systematically progress through a **sequence of evaluation**, **naming each radiopaque and radiolucent structure observed.** This sequence is suggested to assist the beginning radiographer with developing a comprehensive approach to this process.*

Question 53

Each of the following **should be** **determined** from the **radiographic image** EXCEPT one. Which one is the **EXCEPTION**? a. The identity of the anatomical landmark b. The normal size and shape of the anatomical landmark c. Whether the anatomical landmark is in the appropriate region d. Whether pathosis if the anatomical landmark is absent

Answer 53

d. Whether **pathosis** if the **anatomical landmark** is **absent** * Depending on the **position** of the **image receptor** and the **angle of the x-ray beam**, **not all anatomical landmarks will be recorded on the image receptor. Not recording a structure** on the **radiographic** is **not indicative** of **pathosis.***

Question 54

Which of these **restorative materials** will appear the **most radiopaque (light)** on a dental radiograph? a. Post and core b. Composite c. Porcelain d. Gutta-percha

Answer 54

a. **Post and core** A **post and core** **restoration** is **metal** and therefore will attenuate more of the x-ray beam, resulting in a **more radiopaque appearance.**

Question 55

Which of these **restorative materials** will appear the **most radiopaque** on a dental radiograph? a. Cement b. A temporary filling c. Gold d. Base material

Answer 55

c. **Gold** The **metal gold** will attenuate (weaken) more of the x-ray beam, resulting in a more **radiopaque (light) appearance.**

Question 56

Each of the following **dental materials** might **not be imaged** on a **dental radiograp**h or may be **only slightly visible** EXCEPT one. Which one is the **EXCEPTION?** a. Acrylic resins b. Sealants c. Silver points d. Base materials

Answer 56

c. **Silver points** The **endodontic restorative** material **silver points** are **metal** and therefore will attenuate (weaken) more of the x-ray beam, resulting in a more **radiopaque (light) appearance.**

Question 57

Each of the following is **true** regarding the **radiographic appearance** of **composite restorations** EXCEPT one. Which one is the **EXCEPTION**? a. They may appear either radiopaque or radiolucent. b. They may appear with irregular or diffuse margins. c. They may mimic caries. d. They may appear about the same density as cementum.

Answer 57

b. They may **appear** with **irregular** or **diffuse margins.** ***Restorations appear** to have **straight margins** and a **prepared look**, whereas **caries appears more diffuse.***

Question 58

Which of the following **dental materials** will **most likely** have a **see-through appearance radiographically?** a. A stainless steel crown b. Gutta-purcha c. A temporary filling d. Acrylic resin

Answer 58

a. A **stainless steel crown** * As a **temporary restoration**, this **metal is _less dense_** and will **allow the passage** of **more x-rays**, giving the material a **“see-through” appearance.***

Question 59

Each of the following **dental materials** may be **observed _within the pulp chamber and/or root canals_** of the **tooth** EXCEPT one. Which one is the **EXCEPTION**? a. Post and core b. A silver point c. Gutta-percha d. An implant

Answer 59

d. An **implant** An **implant** is **located** in the **area** of a **missing tooth.**

Question 60

Which of the following terms means “**the absence of teeth**”? a. Supernumerary b. Anodontia c. Anomaly d. Mesiodens

Answer 60

b. **Anodontia** ***Anodontia** refers to a **congenital absence of teeth.** Any tooth in the dental arch may fail to develop.*

Question 61

**Hypercementosis** appears **radiopaque** (light) and is caused by **excessive cementum formation.** True False

Answer 61

**True.** *The **excessive cementum** on the **root** often **causes a bulbous enlargement**, with the area **near the apex** being the **most bulbou**s. The **excessive cementum** will **appear radiopaque.***

Question 62

**Hypercementosis** is **distinguished from** other **radiopacities** in **bone** by the **absence** of the **periodontal ligament space (PDL).** True False

Answer 62

**False.** *When observing **hypercementosis**, the **periodontal ligament** contains the **radiopacity** (light) and **separates** it **from the bone.***

Question 63

A **taurodont tooth** is a **single tooth bud** that **divides** and **forms two teeth.** True False

Answer 63

**False.** A **taurodont tooth** is characterized by **very large pulp chambers** and **very short roots.** **Germination = a single tooth bud** that **divides** and **forms two teeth.**

Question 64

A condition where the **cementum** of **adjacent teeth** is **joined together** is called **“condensing osteitis.”** True False

Answer 64

**False.** **Condensing osteitis** refers to the **formation** of **compact sclerotic bone.** **Fusion** is a condition where the **cementum** of **adjacent teeth** is **joined together**

Question 65

A **cyst** is an **epithelium-lined sac containing fluid** or **other fibrous** or **solid material** that **appears radiolucent.** True False

Answer 65

**True.** *A cyst is an epithelium-lined sac containing fluid or other fibrous or solid material that appears radiolucent.*

Question 66

An **acute abscess** may be **barely discernable radiographically.** True False

Answer 66

**True.** *In the **very early acute stages**, there **may be no radiographic evidence at all**. The earliest radiographic sign is a **break in the lamina dura.***

Question 67

A **granuloma** is a **mass** of **granulation tissue.** True False

Answer 67

**True**. ***Granulomas**, masses of **granulation tissue**, are **continuous** with the **periodontal ligament space** and **appear attached to the root apices.** Under certain conditions, **epithelial elements** within the granuloma **proliferate** to **form a cyst.***

Question 68

Unless a **cyst is completely removed** at the **time of tooth extraction**, it will **remain** and is then **called a “radicular cyst.”** True Fasle

Answer 68

**False.** **Cystic material remaining** **_after_** an **extraction** is **called** a **_“residual cyst.”_**

Question 69

The **dentigerous cyst** is an **odontogenic cyst** that **develops** at the **apex of a nonvital tooth.** True False

Answer 69

**False.** *The **dentigerous cyst** is an **odontogenic cyst** that **develops** **around** the* ***crown** of an **impacted tooth.***

Question 70

**Internal root resorption** is most often characterized by **_root-end resorption_** where the **_roots of the teeth appear shorter than normal._** True False

Answer 70

**False.** ***External resorption** is most often characterized by **root-end resorption**, where **teeth roots appear shorter than normal** as the* ***resorption progresses*** **Internal root resorption** appears as a **_radiolucent (dark)_ widening** of the **root canal,** representing the **resorption process** taking place **from the inside out.**

Question 71

When a **developmental anomaly occurs** in which the **enamel invaginates within** **the body of the tooth**, it is called **_“mesiodens.”_** True False

Answer 71

**False.** *A **developmental anomaly** in which the **enamel invaginate**s within the **body of the tooth** is called **_“dens in dente.”_*** ***\*tooth within a tooth***

Question 72

**Dilaceration occurs** as an **unnatural** or **sharp bend** in the **tooth root.** True False

Answer 72

**True.** ## Footnote *An unnatural or sharp bend in the tooth root is called “dilaceration.”*

Question 73

A **torus** is a **bony growth projecting outward** from the **surface of a bone.** True False

Answer 73

**True.** *A bony growth projecting outward from the surface of a bone, occasionally encountered on the **palate** or the l**ingual surface** of the **mandible**, are **tori (plural of torus).***

Question 74

**Fusion** occurs when a **single tooth bud divides** and forms **two teeth.** True False

Answer 74

**False.** *When a **single tooth bud divides and forms two teeth,** it is called **_“germination.”_***

Question 75

The term **“idiopathic resorption”** can apply to either **external or internal resorption**. True False

Answer 75

**True.** ***Idiopathic resorption** refers to a **loss of bone** or **tooth structure** as the **result of unknown causes.***

Question 76

**Resorption** that **follows a path** from **inside out**, or a **widening** of the **root canal** of the **tooth**, is **external resorption.** True False

Answer 76

**False.** **Tooth structure lost evidenced** by a **radiolucent (dark) widening** of the **root canal** is indicative of **internal resorption.**

Question 77

A **_nonodontogenic cys_t** **arises** from **epithelial cells** associated with the **development of a tooth.** True False

Answer 77

**False.** ***Nonodontogenic cysts** arise from epithelium **other than** that* *associated with **tooth formation**.*

Question 78

An **odontoma** often appears as a **mixed radiopaque** and **radiolucent mass** of **enamel** and **dentin** True False

Answer 78

**True.** *An odontoma forms when **enamel, dentin,** and **cementum** form **irregular shapes** resembling **small misshaped teeth** whose number varies widely. These toothlike structures **appear radiopaque** and are located within a **radiolucent fibrous capsule that can resemble a cyst***

Question 79

**Radiographs** can be used to **determine** an **overhang**. True False

Answer 79

**True** **#2** *An **overhang** is a **restoration** that is **not contoured to the tooth properly.** Radiographs may be used to **detect this imperfection** on the **proximal surfaces of the teeth.***

Question 80

The **endodontic filling** materials **gutta-percha** and **silver points** **_cannot_** be **distinguished radiographically.** True False

Answer 80

**False.** **Radiopacities** observed within the **pulp chamber** may be **either _silver points**_, a _**very radiopaque (dark)_ metal root canal filling**; or **gutta-percha (non-metallic**), a **_less radiopaque_ filling**.

Question 81

Which of the following statements is **FALSE?** a. The detection of caries is one of the most common reasons for exposing dental radiographs. b. The carious process is one of _remineralizationof_ tooth structure​ c. Caries appears radiolucent (dark) on the radiograph. d. The presence of caries allows more x-rays to pass through the tooth and darken the image receptor.

Answer 81

b. The **carious process** is one of **_remineralization_** of **tooth structure** * The **carious process** is one of **_demineralization_*** * of **tooth structure (enamel, dentin, and cementum).***

Question 82

An **optical illusion** caused by the **overlapping of teeth** that **mimics decay** is called the “**Mach band effect.”** True False

Answer 82

**True.** #2 The **increased radiopacity** produced by the **overlapped teeth** is often **outlined by** a **_radiolucent halo_** called the **“Mach band effect.”**

Question 83

**Nonmetallic radiolucent restorations** may **mimic decay** radiographically. True False

Answer 83

**True.** #1 To aid in **distinguishing a restoration from caries**, look for the **restoratio**n to have **straight borders, or a prepared look**, with an o**verall even radiolucency.**

Question 84

The **high contrast** between **normal enamel** and **overlapped enamel** can produce an **optical illusion** called **_“cervical burnout.”_** True False

Answer 84

**False.** **#2** The **high contrast** between **normal enamel** and **overlapped enamel** can produce an **optical illusion** called **_“Mach banding.”_**

Question 85

List **four advantages** of mounting film-based radiographs?

Answer 85

1. ease of viewing when radiographs are in the correct anatomical position 2. facilitation of comparison between radiographs in side-by-side position 3. masking out of distracting side light, enhancing viewing and interpretation 4. decreased chance of confusing right and left sides 5. Provides a means for labeling (patients name, date of exposure, name of the practice) 6. provision a means of filing and storage 7. Facilitates enhancement of patient education and consultations 8. when mounted labially, that radiographic findings can be easily transferred to a dental chair

Question 86

Which of these **landmarks** would be likely to appear on a **maxillary radiograph**? a. genial tubercles b. mental fossa c. oblique ridge d. zygoma

Answer 86

d. **zygoma**

Question 87

Which of these is **NOT** a characteristic of a **quality film mount**? a. provides space to document patient name and date of exposure b. constructed of clear plastic that does not mask light around radiograph edges c. supports and protects radiographs from scratches that may occur during handling d. contains enough windows to secure the number of radiographs exposed

Answer 87

b. constructed of **clear plastic** that **does not** **mask light** around **radiograph edges**

Question 88

Which of these **helps to determine** whether a radiograph was exposed on a **patient's left or right side**? a. slight "smile" appearance b. distally curved roots c. large crowns d. embossed film dots

Answer 88

d. **embossed film dots**

Question 89

* *Labial method** film mounting positions the identification **dot concave** * *Labial method** is the **recommended film mounting method.** a. the first statement is true. the second statement is false b. the first statement is false. the second statement is true c. both statements are true d. both statements are false

Answer 89

b. the first statement is **false.** the second statement is **true**

Question 90

**Lingual method** film mounting positions the identification **dot convex.** When utilizing the **lingual method**, the **viewer's right is the patient's left.** a. the first statement is true. the second statement is false. b. the first statement is false. the second statement is true c. both statements are true d. both statements are false

Answer 90

d. **both** statements are **false**

Question 91

Which of the following should be **done first** when **mounting film-based radiographs**? a. orient all identification dots the same way b. separate bitewing from periapical films c. separate anterior from posterior films d. orient the teeth roots to point in the correct direction

Answer 91

a. **orient all identification dots the same way**

Question 92

Each of the following will aid in **correctly orienting radiographic images** EXCEPT one. Which one is the **EXCEPTION**? a. anterior image receptors are positioned with the long dimension vertically b. canine teeth generally have the longest roots c. maxillary molars usually have three roots d. roots and crowns of mandibular teeth are usually larger than maxillary teeth

Answer 92

d. **roots and crowns** of **mandibular teeth** are usually **larger** than **maxillary teeth**

Question 93

Which of these is **NOT** a consideration when **viewing digital radiographic images**? a. glare off a computer monitor must be managed to enhance interpretation b. image must be checked to ensure exposure was placed into correct template window c. a magnifying glass is required for optimal viewing and interpretation d. multiple mouse clicks may be required to view a full mouth series of radiographs

Answer 93

c. a **magnifying glass** is **required** for **optimal viewing** and **interpretation**

Question 94

Reading and **explaining what is observed** on a **radiographic image** is... a. diagnosing b. interpreting c. viewing d. mounting

Answer 94

b. **interpreting**

Question 95

Viewing **correctly oriented radiographic images** in a **systematic sequence** can help **prevent errors** in interpretation **Digital imaging software** provides **special features** such as **magnification enhancement** that aid in **interpretation**? a. the first statement is true. the second statement is false b. the first statement is false. the second statement is true. c. both statements are true d. both statements are false

Answer 95

c. **both** statements are **true**

Question 96

In **which region** is it **best to begin** the **interpretation process** when **viewing** a **full mouth series** of radiographs? a. maxillary right posterior b. maxillary left posterior c. mandibular right posterior d. mandibular left posterior

Answer 96

a. **maxillary right posterior**

Question 97

Following a dentist's **diagnosis**, radiographic findings **must be recorded** in the **patient's record** by a. a dental assistant b. a dental hygienist c. a dentist d. any of the above

Answer 97

d. **any of the above**

Question 98

the **angle of the x-ray beam** may **distort** the **appearance** of an **anatomical structure** because some landmarks may take on a different **appearance** on the **right and on the left sides**? a. both the statement and reason are correct and related b. both the statement and reason are correct but NOT related c. the statement is correct, but the reason is NOT d. the statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct e. NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct

Answer 98

b. **both** the statement and **reason are correct** but **NOT related**

Question 99

Which of the following **facial bones** could appear on a **periapical radiograph**? a. occipital b. parietal c. frontal d. zygoma

Answer 99

d. **zygoma #4**

Question 100

**Bone** sometimes has a mixed **radiopaque-radiolucent appearance** due to the nature of the a. cortical plates b. trabeculae patterns c. alveolar process d. lamina dura

Answer 100

b. **trabeculae patterns**

Question 101

Which of the following will **most likely appear** as a **radiopacity** outlining the **tooth root**? a. PDL space b. lamina dura c. nutrient canal d. cementum

Answer 101

b. **lamina dura**

Question 102

When **nutrient canals** open at the **surface of the bone**, they often appear **radiographically** as...? a. small radiolucent dots b. large radiopaque lines c. small radiolucent lines d. small radiopaque dots

Answer 102

a. **small radiolucent dots** ## Footnote **#1**

Question 103

Which of these **structures** appears **radiolucent (dark)**? a. enamel b. cementum c. dentin d. pulp

Answer 103

d. **pulp #3**

Question 104

Which of the following is the **best recommended sequence** for **identifying** a **normal radiographic anatomical landmark**? a. 1. determine if radiograph is maxilla or mandible views 2. determine if radiograph is anterior or posterior view 3. determine if structure is radiopaque/radiolucent b. 1. determine if radiograph is maxilla or mandible view 2. determine if structure is radiopaque or radiolucent 3. determine if radiograph is maxilla or mandible view c. determine if structure is radiopaque or radiolucent 2. determine if radiograph is maxilla or mandible view 3. determine if radiograph is anterior or posterior view d. 1. determine if radiograph is maxilla or mandible view 2. determine if structure is radiopaque or radiolucent 3. determine if radiograph is anterior or posterior view

Answer 104

a. 1. determine if radiograph is **maxilla** or **mandible** views 2. determine if radiograph is **anterior** or **posterior** view 3. determine if structure is **radiopaque/radiolucent**

Question 105

Which of the following **structures** may be recorded **radiographically** **superimposed** **over** the **roots** of the **maxillary molars**? a. mastoid process b. maxillary tuberosity c. zygomatic process d. mylohyoid ridge

Answer 105

c. **zygomatic process #3**

Question 106

Each of these features will **appear radiolucent (dark)** EXCEPT one. Which one is the **EXCEPTION**? a. foramen b. suture c. canal d. spine

Answer 106

d. **spine #7**

Question 107

Each of these features will **appear radiopaque** EXCEPT one. Which one is the **EXCEPTION**? a. ridge b. sinus c. tubercles d. process

Answer 107

b. **sinus #4**

Question 108

Each of the following may appear on a **periapical radiograph** of the **maxillary anterior region** EXCEPT one. Which one is the **EXCEPTION**? a. nasal septum b. median palatine suture c. maxillary tuberosity d. inverted Y

Answer 108

c. **maxillary tuberosity**

Question 109

Each of the following may appear on a **periapical radiograph** of the **maxillary posterior region** EXCEPT one? Which one is the **EXCEPTION**? a. maxillary sinus b. incisive foramen c. zygomatic arch d. hamaulus

Answer 109

b. **incisive foramen**

Question 110

Which of these **_mandibular_ anatomical features** may be recorded on a **periapical radiograph** of the **_maxillary posterior_ region**? a. mandibular cnanal b. submandibular fossa c. inferior border of the mandible d. coronoid process

Answer 110

d. **coronoid process**

Question 111

Each of the following may appear on a **periapical radiograph** of the **mandibular anterior region** EXCEPT one? Which one is the **EXCEPTION**? a. genial tubercles b. mental ridge c. coronoid process d. mylohyoid foramen

Answer 111

c. **coronoid process #8**

Question 112

Each of the following may appear on a **periapical radiograph** of the **mandibular posterior region** EXCEPT? Which one is the **EXCEPTION**? a. mental foramen b. pterygoid plate c. mandibular canal d. mylohyoid ridge

Answer 112

b. **pterygoid plate #4**

Question 113

The **inverted Y landmark** is composed of the intersection of **what two structures**? a. lateral wall of the nasal cavity and anterior border of the maxillary sinus b. anterior border of the maxillary sinus and inferior border of the mandible c. lateral wall of the nasal cavity and soft tissue shadow of the nose d. inferior border of the zygomatic process and the anterior nasal spine

Answer 113

a. **lateral wall** of the **nasal cavity** and **anterior border** of the **maxillary sinus**

Question 114

Describing the **density of an object** is relative because **density depends** on the **appearance of adjacent tissues.** a. The statement is correct but the reason not related. b. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related. c. Both statements are true. d. Both statements are false.

Answer 114

b. **Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.**

Question 115

Which of the following does **NOT** describe **object density**? a. lucent-opaque b. radicular c. radiolucent d. radiopaque

Answer 115

b. **radicular** (radiating)

Question 116

**Lesions detected** by radiographs may appear **round, oval, scalloped, or linear. Lesions** with these **shapes are expanding** in **different directions at differing rates**. a. The first statement is true. The second statement is false. b. The first statement is false. The second statement is true c. Both statements are true. d. Both statements are false.

Answer 116

a. The first statement is **true**. The second statement is **false**.

Question 117

what term describes a **radiopaque border** that **outlines** and **encapsulates a lesion** detected on a radiograph? a. lucent-opaque b. focal c. corticated d. idiopathic

Answer 117

c. **corticated** * Refers to a **thin** or **thick border** that appears as a **radiopaque outline*** ***encapsulating a lesion.***

Question 118

what term describes the **architecture of a lesion** with **radiolucent compartments**? a. focal opacity b. multilocular c. target lesion d. unilocular

Answer 118

b. **multilocular** Descriptive radiographic term for a **radiolucent lesion** with **more than one compartment** that appears to be **separated by radiopaque walls or septa.**

Question 119

what term describes a **lesion located** around an **unerupted tooth crown**?' a. interproximal b. periapical c. pericoronal d. interradicular

Answer 119

c. **pericoronal** refers to a **location around a tooth crown.**

Question 120

the **failure** of a **tooth or multiple teeth** to **develop** is call a. hyperdontia b. hypodontia c. supernumerary d. dens in dente

Answer 120

b. **hypodontia**

Question 121

which of the following is the best preliminary **documentation** for a **radiolucency surrounding the root tips of a tooth?** a. periapical abscess b. granuloma c. cyst d. periapical radiolucency

Answer 121

d. **periapical radiolucency**

Question 122

which of the following **radiographic finding** is associated with a **nonvital tooth**? a. condensing osteitis b. pulp stones c. osteosclerosis d. hypercementosis

Answer 122

a. condensing osteitis

Question 123

raidographic evidence of **resorption** that appears to **shorten a tooth root** is call a. internal b. primary c. external d. secondary

Answer 123

c. **external resorption**

Question 124

what is the most likely **interpretation** of a radiographic **lesion that resembles misshaped teeth?** a. dens in dente b. odontoma c. mesidens d. germination

Answer 124

b. odontoma

Question 125

which of the following **appears radiolucent** in its **early stages** and as a **radiopaque mass in later stages**? a. globylomaxillary cyst b. carotid stenosis c. osteoporosis d. periapical cemental dysplasia

Answer 125

d. periapical cemental dysplasia

Question 126

**Dental radiographs** should be **prescribed** as an **opportunistic screening tool** for **carotid stenosis** because a radiographic examination can be used to **predict** a **vascular event.** a. Neither the statement nor the reason is correct. b. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related. c. Both statements are true. d. Both statements are false.

Answer 126

a. **Neither** the **statement** **nor** the **reason is correct.**

Question 127

Identify the following: #1

Answer 127

**Dentin**

Question 128

Identify the following: #2

Answer 128

**Enamel**

Question 129

Identify the following: #3

Answer 129

**Pulp Chamber**

Question 130

Identify the following: #4

Answer 130

**PDL Space**

Question 131

Identify the following: #5

Answer 131

**Lamina Dura**

Question 132

Identify the following: #6

Answer 132

**Root Canal**

Question 133

Identify the following: #7.

Answer 133

**Cancellous bone**

Question 134

Identify the following: **(tube-like passageways through bone supplying blood vessels and nerves to maxillary teeth and bone, appear as narrow bands)**

Answer 134

**Nutrient Canals in Max Sinus**

Question 135

Identify the following: #1

Answer 135

Primary Canine

Question 136

Identify the following: #2.

Answer 136

Primary first molar with partially resorbed roots.

Question 137

Identify the following: #3.

Answer 137

Permanent Canine

Question 138

Identify the following: #4.

Answer 138

Permanent first premolar

Question 139

Identify the following: #1.

Answer 139

Outline of nose

Question 140

Identify the following Radiolucent Anatomical Landmarks #2

Answer 140

**Incisive Foramen** (exit of **nasopalatine nerve**, appears **ovoid** between **roots of maxillary central incisors** in radiographs)

Question 141

Identify the following Radiolucent Anatomical Landmarks #3 (**smooth depression** located between **lateral and canine**, appearance varies in area between maxillary canines and lateral incisors)

Answer 141

Lateral fossa

Question 142

Identify the following Radiolucent Anatomical Landmarks #4 (**pear shaped** compartment of **bone** located **superior to maxilla** and **divided** by **nasal septum**, appears as a **large area above maxillary incisors** in radiographs)

Answer 142

Nasal fossa

Question 143

Identify the following Radiopaque Anatomical Landmarks #5 (**vertical** bony wall **dividing nasal cavity**, appears as a vertical partition, and may be **superimposed over median palatine suture**)

Answer 143

Nasal Septum

Question 144

Identify the following: #6.

Answer 144

Border of nasal fossa

Question 145

Identify the following Radiopaque Anatomical Landmarks #7 (sharp projection located at the **anterior** and inferior portion of **nasal cavity**, appears **v-shaped**, intersection of **floor of nasal cavity** and septum)

Answer 145

**Anterior nasal spine**

Question 146

Identify the following Radiolucent Anatomical Landmarks #8 (immovable joint **between two palatine processes** of **maxilla**, appears as a **thin line** between **maxillary central incisors** in radiographs)

Answer 146

**Median palatine suture**

Question 147

Identify the following #1 (exit of **nasopalatine nerve**, appears **ovoid** **between roots of maxillary central incisors** in radiographs)

Answer 147

Incisive foramen

Question 148

Identify the following: #2.

Answer 148

Outline of the nose

Question 149

Identify the following #3 (**smooth depression** located between lateral and canine, appearance varies in area **between maxillary canines and lateral incisors**)

Answer 149

Lateral fossa

Question 150

Identify the following Radiolucent Anatomical Landmark #4 (**pear-shaped** compartment of **bone** located **superior to maxilla** and **divided by nasal septum**, appears as a **large area above maxillary incisors** in radiographs)

Answer 150

Nasal fossa

Question 151

Identify the following Radiolucent Anatomical Landmark #5 (vertical bony wall dividing nasal cavity, appears as a vertical partition, and may be superimposed over median palatine suture)

Answer 151

Nasal Septum

Question 152

Identify the following Radiolucent Anatomical Landmark #6.

Answer 152

Border of nasal fossa

Question 153

Identify the following Radiopaque Anatomical Landmark #7. (**sharp projection** located at **anterior** and inferior portion of **nasal cavity**, appears **v-shaped, intersection of floor of nasal cavity and septum**)

Answer 153

Anterior nasal spine

Question 154

Identify the following **Radiolucent** Anatomical Landmark #8 (**immovable joint** between **two palatine processes of maxilla,** appears as a **thin line** between **maxillary central incisors** in radiographs)

Answer 154

Median palatine suture

Question 155

Identify the following **Radiolucent** Anatomical Landmark #1. (**smooth depression** located **between lateral and canine**, appearance varies in area between **maxillary canines and lateral incisors)**

Answer 155

Lateral fossa

Question 156

Identify # 2. (**pear-shaped** compartment of bone located **superior to maxilla** and **divided** by **nasal septum**, appears as a **large area above maxillary incisors i**n radiographs)

Answer 156

Nasal fossa

Question 157

Identify the following **radiopaque** anatomical landmark #3. (**intersection** of anterior border of **maxillary sinus** and lateral wall of **nasal fossa**, appears as an **upside-down Y**, located **above maxillary canine**)

Answer 157

Inverted Y landmark

Question 158

Identify the following **radiolucent** anatomical landmark #4. (**paired cavities** located above **maxillary molars and premolars** and extend into furcations, interdental bone, and tuberosity region, **appear over apices** of **maxillary posteriors**)

Answer 158

Maxillary sinus

Question 159

Identify the following: #5.

Answer 159

Superimposition of first premolar over canine

Question 160

Identify #1.

Answer 160

Lateral fossa

Question 161

Identify #2.

Answer 161

Nasal fossa

Question 162

Identify #3.

Answer 162

Inverted Y landmark

Question 163

Identify #4.

Answer 163

Maxillary sinus

Question 164

Identify 5.

Answer 164

superimposition of premolar over canine

Question 165

Identify #1.

Answer 165

Border of maxillary sinus

Question 166

Identify #2. (**paired cavities** located **above maxillary molars and premolars** and extend into furcations, interdental bone, and tuberosity region, appear over apices of maxillary posteriors)

Answer 166

Maxillary sinus

Question 167

Identify the following radiopaque anatomical landmark #3. (bony projection appears **J or U shaped** **superior** to **maxillary 1st molar** region)

Answer 167

Zygomatic process of maxilla

Question 168

Identify the following radiopaque anatomical landmark #4. (bony walls **dividing maxillary sinus** into compartments, appears as **lines within maxillary sinus**, presence varies with anatomy)

Answer 168

Septum in maxillary sinus

Question 169

Identify the following radiopaque anatomical landmark #5. (formed by **zygomatic process of maxilla and temporal bone**, appears as diffused band extending **posterior from zygomatic process** of maxilla)

Answer 169

Zygoma

Question 170

Identify #6.

Answer 170

Border of zygomatic arch

Question 171

Identify #1.

Answer 171

Border of maxillary sinus

Question 172

Identify #2. (paired cavities located above maxillary molars and premolars and extend into furcations, interdental bone, and tuberosity region, appear over apices of maxillary posteriors)

Answer 172

Maxillary sinus

Question 173

Identify 3. (bony projection appears **J or U shaped superior to maxillary 1 st molar** region)

Answer 173

Zygomatic process of maxilla

Question 174

Identify #4. (formed by zygomatic process of maxilla and temporal bone, appears as diffused band extending posterior from zygomatic process of maxilla)

Answer 174

Zygoma

Question 175

Identify #5.

Answer 175

Lateral pterygoid

Question 176

Identify #6.

Answer 176

Border of zygomatic arch

Question 177

Identify the following radiopaque anatomical landmark #7 (rounded prominence **posterior to 3rd molar** region **blood vessels and nerves enter maxilla** to supply posterior teeth)

Answer 177

Maxillary tuberosity

Question 178

Identify the following radiopaque anatomical landmark #8 (**prominence of bone on anterior ramus**, attachment site for **muscles of mastication**, **triangular in appearance**, appears superimposed over maxillary tuberosity region in radiographs)

Answer 178

Coronoid process of mandible

Question 179

Identify the following radiopaque anatomical landmark #1. (linear **prominence extending from premolar to premolar,** appears as a **thick band superimposed over anterior teeth)**

Answer 179

**Mental ridge** Lingual view

Question 180

Identify the following radiolucent anatomical landmark #2. **(tubelike passageways through bone** containing **nerves and blood vessels** to teeth, appear as **vertical lines in thin bone**)

Answer 180

**Nutrient canal** lingual view

Question 181

Identify #3.

Answer 181

Nutrient foramen

Question 182

Identify the following radiopaque anatomical landmark #4. (tiny **bumps of bone** on **lingual aspect of mandible**, appears as ring shape opacity **apical to incisor**)

Answer 182

Genial tubercles

Question 183

Identify the following radiolucent anatomical landmarks #5. (tiny **opening in bone** on **internal surface of mandible**, surrounded by **genial tubercles** appears **apical to mandibular incisors**)

Answer 183

lingual foramen

Question 184

Identify # 6.

Answer 184

**Inferior border of mandible**

Question 185

Identify the following radiolucent anatomical landmarks #1. (tubelike passageways through bone containing nerves and blood vessels to teeth, appear as vertical lines in thin bone)

Answer 185

Nutrient canal

Question 186

2.

Answer 186

Torus mandibularis

Question 187

1.

Answer 187

PDL space

Question 188

2.

Answer 188

Lamina dura

Question 189

3.

Answer 189

Mental foramen

Question 190

4.

Answer 190

Submandibular fossa

Question 191

Answer 191

Turus mandibularis

Question 192

1.

Answer 192

Oblique Ridge

Question 193

2.

Answer 193

Mylohyoid ridge

Question 194

3.

Answer 194

Mandibular canal

Question 195

4.

Answer 195

Submandibular fossa

Question 196

1.

Answer 196

Radioluscent composite resin

Question 197

2.

Answer 197

Radioluscent dental base

Question 198

3.

Answer 198

Radioluscent glass ionomer

Question 199

4.

Answer 199

Radiopaque cement under crown

Question 200

5.

Answer 200

Porcelain crown

Question 201

6.

Answer 201

PFM crown

Question 202

7.

Answer 202

Silver point endodontic filler

Question 203

1.

Answer 203

Dental base

Question 204

2.

Answer 204

Amalgam

Question 205

3.

Answer 205

Retention pin

Question 206

1.

Answer 206

Irregular margins of amalgam

Question 207

2.

Answer 207

Smooth edges of full metal crown

Question 208

3.

Answer 208

Broken dental bur

Question 209

1.

Answer 209

Amalgam

Question 210

2.

Answer 210

Overhang

Question 211

1.

Answer 211

Composite resin (Appears slightly more radiopaque than dentin)

Question 212

2.

Answer 212

Amalgam

Question 213

1.

Answer 213

Glass ionomer bonding

Question 214

2.

Answer 214

Orthodontic wire

Question 215

1.

Answer 215

Full metal crown

Question 216

2.

Answer 216

PFM | (Porceline Full Metal Crown)

Question 217

1.

Answer 217

Radiopaque metal shell PFM metal part

Question 218

2.

Answer 218

Less radiopaque ceramic porcelain crown PFM porcelain part

Question 219

1.

Answer 219

Stainless steel crown | (Notice the see through appearance)

Question 220

1.

Answer 220

Full metal crowns form bridge abutments

Question 221

2.

Answer 221

Metal pontic

Question 222

3.

Answer 222

amalgam

Question 223

4.

Answer 223

Composite resin

Question 224

5.

Answer 224

Gutta-percha

Question 225

6.

Answer 225

Post and core

Question 226

7.

Answer 226

PFM crown

Question 227

8.

Answer 227

Base material

Question 228

9.

Answer 228

Retention pin

Question 229

1.

Answer 229

Radiopaque pins

Question 230

2.

Answer 230

Radiopaque amalgam restorations

Question 231

Answer 231

PFM | (Implant replaced tooth)

Question 232

Answer 232

External Resorbtion

Question 233

Answer 233

Surgical wire

Question 234

Answer 234

Amalgam tattoo

Question 235

Answer 235

Odontoma An odontoma forms when **enamel, dentin,** and **cementum** form **irregular shapes** resembling **small misshaped teeth** whose number varies widely. These **toothlike** structures **appear radiopaque** and are **located within a radiolucent fibrous capsule that can resemble a cyst**

Question 236

1.

Answer 236

Second premolar did not develop under primary tooth

Question 237

2.

Answer 237

Severe caries

Question 238

Answer 238

Supernumerary tooth

Question 239

Answer 239

Distomolar

Question 240

1.

Answer 240

Supernumeray tooth with dilacerated root

Question 241

2.

Answer 241

Periapical radiolucency

Question 242

Answer 242

Dens in dente

Question 243

Answer 243

Dilaceration

Question 244

Answer 244

Fusion of mandibular lateral and central incisors

Question 245

1.

Answer 245

Caries

Question 246

2.

Answer 246

Radioluscent lesion | (Abscess, granuloma, or cyst)

Question 247

1.

Answer 247

Dentigerous cyst involving

Question 248

2.

Answer 248

Impacted third molar

Question 249

Answer 249

Follicular cyst

Question 250

Answer 250

Incisive canal cyst

Question 251

Answer 251

Globulomaxillary cyst

Question 252

Answer 252

Radiopaque lesion

Question 253

Answer 253

Radiopaque lesion

Question 254

Answer 254

Hypercementosis ***excessive formation** of **cementum** along a **tooth root**, this enlargement will usually take on a **bulbous appearance** toward the **root apex***

Question 255

Answer 255

Retained root fragment

Question 256

Answer 256

External resorption

Question 257

Answer 257

Internal resorption | (Widening of the pulp chamber)

Question 258

Answer 258

Periapical cemental dysplasio (PCD)

Question 259

Dense outer layer of bone.

Answer 259

Cortical bone

Question 260

**Soft spongy bone** that is located between **two layers of dense cortical bone.**

Answer 260

**Cancellous bone**

Question 261

**Outer most layer** of the **crown of a tooth**. Radiolucent/Radiopaque?

Answer 261

Enamel ## Footnote **Radiopaque**

Question 262

Contains **blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic** on x-ray. Radiolucent/Radiopaque?

Answer 262

**Pulp** **Radiolucent**

Question 263

**Found beneath the ename**l and **surrounds the pulp cavity**. Radiolucent/Radiopaque?

Answer 263

**Dentin** **Radiolucent**

Question 264

**Thin line** around the **root of a tooth**. Radiolucent/Radiopaque?

Answer 264

**Periodontal Ligament** **Radiolucent**

Question 265

**Wall of the tooth socket** that **surrounds** the **root of a tooth**. **Dense cortical bone** surrounds the **root of the tooth.** Radiolucent/Radiopaque? #5

Answer 265

**Lamina Dura** **Radiopaque**

Question 266

Located **between** the **roots of the teeth.** Radiolucent/Radiopaque?

Answer 266

**Alveolar bone** **Radiopaque**

Question 267

Very **radiopaque outer layer of bone**?

Answer 267

**Cortical Plate** of the Mandible

Question 268

**Linear prominence** of **cortical bone** located on the **external surface** of the **anterior** portion of the **mandible (premolar/incisor region)**. Radiolucent/Radiopaque?

Answer 268

**Mental ridges** **Radiopaque**

Question 269

Opening or **hole in bone** located on the **external surface of the mandible** in the region of the **mandibular premolars**. Radiolucent/Radiopaque?

Answer 269

**Mental foramen** **Radiolucent**

Question 270

**Tiny tube-like passageways** through **bone** that house **blood vessels** and **nerves** supplying the **maxillary teeth** and the **interdental areas.** Radiolucent/Radiopaque?

Answer 270

**Nutrient canals** **Radiolucent**

Question 271

**Pear-shaped** compartment of **bone** located **superior to the maxilla.** Large area above **maxillary incisors.** Radiolucent/Radiopaque?

Answer 271

**Nasal fossa (cavity) #4** **Radiolucent**

Question 272

**Vertical bony wall** or partition that **divides the nasal cavity** into the **right or left nasal fossa.** Radiolucent/Radiopaque?

Answer 272

**Nasal Septum #5** **Radiopaque**

Question 273

**Sharp projection** of the **maxilla** located at the **anterior and inferior** portion of the **nasal cavity.** Radiolucent/Radiopaque?

Answer 273

**Nasal Spine** **Radiopaque**

Question 274

**Bony walls** that appear to **divide the maxillary sinus** into **compartments.** Radiolucent/Radiopaque?

Answer 274

**Wall in Maxillary Sinus #1** **Radiopaque**

Question 275

**Bony wall** formed by the **palatal processes** of the **maxillae** & the **horizontal portions** of the **palatine bones.** Radiolucent/Radiopaque?

Answer 275

Floor of Nasal Fossa ## Footnote **Radiopaque**

Question 276

**Intersection** of the **maxillary sinus** & the **nasal cavity** as viewed on a dental radiograph. Radiolucent/Radiopaque?

Answer 276

**Inverted Y** **Radiopaque**

Question 277

**Tiny bumps of bone** that serve as **attachment sites for the muscle.** Appear as **ring shape around the lingual foramen.** Radiolucent/Radiopaque?

Answer 277

**Genial tubercles** **Radiopaque**

Question 278

Tiny opening or **hole** located on the **internal surface** of the **mandible,** **below the mandibular incisors.** Radiolucent/Radiopaque?

Answer 278

**Lingual Foramen** **Radiolucent**

Question 279

**Round** or **ovoid hole** in **bone** on the **lingual** **aspect** of the **ramus of the mandible.** Radiolucent/Radiopaque?

Answer 279

**Mandibular Foramen** **Radiolucent**

Question 280

**Scooped out depressed** area of **bone** located on the **internal surface** of the **mandible inferior** to the **mylohyoid ridge**, **molar region.** Radiolucent/Radiopaque?

Answer 280

**Submandibular fossa** **Radiolucent**

Question 281

**Linear prominence of bone** located on the **internal surface of the mandible** that extends d**ownward & forward from the ramus**? Radiolucent/Radiopaque?

Answer 281

Internal oblique ridge ## Footnote **Radiopaque**

Question 282

**Linear prominence of bone** located on the **external surface** of the body of the **mandible.** Radiolucent/Radiopaque?

Answer 282

**External oblique ridge** **Radiopaque**

Question 283

Marked **prominence of bone** found on the **anterior _ramus_** of the **mandible,** **_triangle shape_ in _maxillary tuberosity region._** Radiolucent/Radiopaque?

Answer 283

**Coronoid process** **Radiopaque**

Question 284

Opening or **hole** in **bone** located at the **midline of the anterior** portion of the **hard palate** directly **posterior to the maxillary central incisors.** Radiolucent/Radiopaque?

Answer 284

**Incisive foramen #1** **Radiolucent**

Question 285

**Immovable joint** between the **two palatine processes** of the **maxilla.** Extends from the alveolar bone **between the** **maxillary central incisors** to the posterior hard palate. Radiolucent/Radiopaque?

Answer 285

**Median palatine suture** **Radiolucent**

Question 286

**Cheekbone** that articulates with the **zygomatic process of the maxilla.** Radiolucent/Radiopaque?

Answer 286

Zygomatic arch or Zygoma ## Footnote **Radiopaque**

Question 287

**J** or **U shape** located **above** the **maxillary first molars**. Radiolucent/Radiopaque?

Answer 287

**zygomatic process** of maxilla **#4** ## Footnote **Radiopaque**

Question 288

**Rounded prominence** of bone that extends **posterior to the third molar** region. Radiolucent/Radiopaque?

Answer 288

**Maxillary Tuberosity #2** **Radiopaque**

Question 289

**Bony projection** of the **sphenoid bone** located **distal to the maxillary tuberosity** region (\*\*not seen on PA radiographs) Radiolucent/Radiopaque?

Answer 289

**Lateral pterygoid plate #5** **Radiopaque**

Question 290

**Small hook-like projection** of bone that extends from the **medial pterygoid plate** of the sphenoid bone. Radiolucent/Radiopaque?

Answer 290

**Hamulus #5** **Radiopaque**