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Philosophy > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

0
Q

According to Berkeley which exists outside the “Mind?”

A

No physical thing

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1
Q

According to Berkeley which is not a function of “God?”

A

He utilizes his finite mind to allow humans to perceive Nature

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2
Q

According to Nietzsche what is “… a particularly destructive characteristic of Western culture?”

A

Self-Deception

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3
Q

According to Nietzsche which is not an attribute of “Life?”

A

Worship the God of western culture

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4
Q

According to Sartre which of the following does not support his statement about human beings “Existence precedes essence?”

A

We are defined by a fixed “Human Nature”

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5
Q

According to Kierkegaard which of the following is not an aspect of “Human Life?”

A

Universal Truth

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6
Q

According to Hegel through what stage does the “idea” pass through becoming actual as “Geist?”

A

Human Activity

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7
Q

According to Hegel what is equivalent to “Being?”

A

Nothing

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8
Q

According to Hanh’s The Heart of the Buddha’s Teaching what is not one of the “Five Aggregates (skamdhas)?”

A

Faith

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9
Q

According to Hanh’s The Heart of the Buddha’s Teaching what is not one of “the four practices usually associated with Right Diligence?”

A

Helping the wholesome seeds that have already arisen to return to our store consciousness

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10
Q

According to Hanh’s The Heart of the Buddha’s Teaching what is not one the Five Powers?

A

Mindfulness (balani)

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11
Q

According to Hanh’s The Heart of the Buddha’s Teaching what is not stated of Right View?

A

Right View can be transmitted by a teacher

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12
Q

According to the Venerable Hanh’s The Heart of the Buddha’s Teaching what is not stated of Right Speech?

A

No one needs understanding and acceptance

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13
Q

According to the Venerable Hanh within the DVD – Life of Buddha what is not stated of Meditation?

A

You cannot be deceived by what we see and by what we hear

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14
Q

According to the Venerable Hanh within the DVD – Life of Buddha what is not part or portion of the Buddha?

A

The Buddha is a god that can bestow on us the things we want

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15
Q

According to the Venerable Hanh within the DVD – Life of Buddha what is not part of the Dharma?

A

The Dharma does need to be spoken and to be written down

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16
Q

According to the Venerable Hanh’s The Heart of the Buddha’s Teaching what is not a part of Right Thinking?

A

Right Thinking makes our speech unclear and non-beneficial

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17
Q

According to the Venerable Hanh’s The Heart of the Buddha’s Teaching what is not a part of Right Action?

A

Right Action is closely linked with all of the Five Mindfulness Trainings

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18
Q

According to the Venerable Hanh’s The Heart of the Buddha’s Teaching what is not a part of Right Mindfulness?

A

Right Mindfulness accepts nothing without judging or reacting

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19
Q

According to the Venerable Hanh within the DVD – Life of Buddha what “is the view… that means you have a soul that … after you die there is nothing left?”

A

Nihilism

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20
Q

According to the Venerable Hanh within the DVD – Life of Buddha what “is the view… that means you have a soul that is eternal and after you die that soul remains intact and goes to another body and continue like that?”

A

Eternalism

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21
Q

According to the Venerable Hanh within the DVD – Life of Buddha what is not part of Karma?

A

Why the negative karma should not be continued… to continue the cycle of samsara

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22
Q

According to the Venerable Hanh within the DVD – Life of Buddha what is not stated of Impermanence?

A

I think Buddhism according to our studies and practice cannot go perfectly with modern science… and scientists and the Buddhist practitioners can never collaborate in order to dig deeper into the nature of reality

23
Q

According to the Venerable Hanh within the DVD – Life of Buddha what is not stated of Nirvana?

A

In Buddhism we speak of Nirvana… which is the continuation of all suffering

24
Q

According to Friedman’s Capitalism and Freedom: Chapter XI – Social Welfare Measures what is not one “of the programs “directed at promoting the ‘welfare’ of particular groups?”

A

Farm taxation

25
Q

According to Friedman’s Capitalism and Freedom: Chapter V. In fiscal policy as in monetary policy, all political considerations aside, we simply do not know enough to be able to use deliberate changes in [what] or [what] as a sensitive stabilizing mechanism. In the process of trying to do so, we almost surely make matters [what].”

A

Taxation; expenditures; worse

26
Q

According to Friedman’s Capitalism and Freedom: Chapter II. In turn, the fewer the issues on which agreement is necessary, the greater is the likelihood of getting agreement while [what].”

A

Widespread use of the market; maintaining a free society

27
Q

According to Friedman’s Capitalism and Freedom: Chapter I – The Relation between Economic Freedom and Political Freedom “a society which is [what] cannot be [what], in the sense of guaranteeing [what]?”

A

Socialist; democratic; individual freedom

28
Q

According to Friedman’s Capitalism and Freedom: Chapter I – The Relation between Economic Freedom and Political Freedom what was the “emphasis” placed in the arena of ideas by “intellectual descendents (such as Dicey, Mises, Hayek, and Simons) of the Philosophical Radicals (Bentham and the Benthamite Liberal/Libertarians)” who “feared a continued movement toward centralized control of economic activity?”

A

Economic freedom as a means toward political freedom

29
Q

According to Friedman’s Capitalism and Freedom: Chapter I – The Relation between Economic Freedom and Political Freedom “Because we live in a largely free society, we tend to forget how limited is the span of time and the part of the globe for which there has ever been anything like political freedom: the typical state of mankind is [what]?”

A

Tyranny; servitude; misery

30
Q

According to Friedman’s Capitalism and Freedom: it has been the [what] it has offered to men and women to extend and develop and improve their capacities. Yet the enemies of capitalism are fond of castigating it as materialist, and its friends all too often apologize for capitalism’s materialism as a necessary cost of progress. Another striking fact, contrary to popular conception, is that capitalism leads to [what] inequality than alternative systems of organization and that the development of capitalism has [what] the extent of inequality. Comparisons over space and time alike confirm this view… Among the Western countries alone, inequality appears to be less, in any meaningful sense, the more [what] capitalist the country is…”

A

Opportunities; less; greatly lessened; highly

31
Q

The requirement that a wide class of persons must purchase specified annuities, i.e. [what] provision for old age; 2. The requirement that the annuity must be purchased from the government, i.e. [what] of the provision of these annuities; 3. A scheme for [what], insofar as the value of the annuities to which people are entitled when they enter the system is not equal to the taxes they will pay. Clearly, there is no necessity for these elements to be combined. Each individual could be required to pay for his own annuity; the individual could be permitted to purchase an annuity from private firms; yet individuals could be required to purchase specified annuities. The government could go into the business of selling annuities without compelling individuals to buy specified annuities and require the business to be self-supporting. And clearly the government can and does engage in redistribution without using the device of annuities.”

A

Compulsory; nationalization; redistributing income

32
Q

According to Friedman’s Capitalism and Freedom: Chapter II – The Role of Government in a Free Society what activity is a valid role to be “undertaken by government in the U.S.?”

A

Defined property rights

33
Q

According to Friedman’s Capitalism and Freedom: Chapter X – The Distribution of Income “the fact that these arguments against the so-called capitalist ethic are invalid does not of course demonstrate that the capitalist ethic is an acceptable one. I find it difficult to justify either accepting or rejecting it, or to justify any alternative principle. I am led to the view that it cannot in and of itself be regarded as an ethical principle; that it must be regarded as instrumental or a corollary of some other principle such as [what].”

A

Freedom

34
Q

According to Friedman’s Capitalism and Freedom: Chapter VII – Capitalism and Discrimination what is “the appropriate solution” when dealing with the issue of segregation or integration of schools (or of anything else within the marketplace)?

A

Eliminate government operation of schools; permit parents to choose schools

35
Q

According to Friedman’s Capitalism and Freedom: Chapter VII – Capitalism and Discrimination
“the maintenance of the general rules of [what] and of [what] have been a major source of opportunity for Negroes and have permitted them to make greater progress than they otherwise could have made.”

A

Private property; capitalism

36
Q

According to Friedman’s Capitalism and Freedom: Chapter I – The Relation between Economic Freedom and Political Freedom what is the “elementary” tenet of “voluntary co-operation” within the marketplace?

A

Both parties to an economic transaction benefit from it

37
Q

Marx recognized the role of capital in producing the product but regarded capital as embodied labor. Hence, written out in full, the premises of the Marxist syllogism would run: ‘Present and past labor produce the whole of the product. Present labor gets only part of the product.’ The logical conclusion is presumably ‘Past labor is exploited,’ and the inference for action is that past labor should get more of the product, though it is by no means clear how, unless it be in elegant tombstones.”

A

Exploited; surplus value; invalid

38
Q

The substitution of contract arrangements for status arrangements was the first step toward the freeing of…” all but what group?

A

Afrikaners in S. Africa

39
Q

[1] to provide a means whereby we can [what], [2] to [what] among us on the meaning of the rules, and [3] to [what] on the part of those few who would otherwise not play the game. The need of government in these respects arises because absolute freedom is impossible. However attractive anarchy may be as a philosophy [which is what Marx and his followers propose as their end], it is not feasible in a world of imperfect men [which Marx apparently believes men to be the opposite].”

A

Modify the rules; mediate differences; enforce compliance with the rules

40
Q

about [what]; it is not an all-embracing ethic. Indeed a major aim of the liberal is to leave the ethical problem [what] to wrestle with. The ‘really’ important ethical problems are those that face an individual in a free society - what he should do with his freedom.”

A

What an individual does with his freedom; for the individual

41
Q

According to Friedman’s Capitalism and Freedom: Chapter X – The Distribution of Income what is the conclusion of the FOUR Robinson Crusoes?

A

The unwillingness of the rich Crusoe to share his wealth does not justify the use of coercion by the others

42
Q

They strongly suggest that the actual outcome will be closer to the quantity theory [the supply of money within an economy has a direct relation to prices] extreme than to the [what] … One thing however is clear. Whether the views so widely accepted about the effects of fiscal policy [espoused by Keynes and his intellectual followers] be right or wrong, they are [what] by at least one extensive body of evidence. I know of no other coherent or organized body of evidence justifying them. They are part of [what], not the demonstrated conclusions of economic analysis or quantitative studies. Yet they have yielded immense influence in securing widespread public backing for far-reaching governmental interference in economic life.”

A

Keynesian; contradicted; economic mythology

43
Q

According to Friedman’s Capitalism and Freedom: Chapter I – The Relation between Economic Freedom and Political Freedom “viewed as a means to the end of political freedom, economic arrangements are important because of their effect on the [what] or [what] of power. The kind of economic organization that provides economic freedom directly, namely, [what], also promotes political freedom because it separates economic power from political power and in this way enables the one to offset the other.”

A

Concentration; dispersion; competitive capitalism

44
Q

According to Friedman’s Capitalism and Freedom: Chapter V – Fiscal Policy what is “a primary excuse for the expansion of governmental activity”

A

The supposed necessity for government spending to eliminate unemployment

45
Q

According to Friedman’s Capitalism and Freedom: Chapter VII – Capitalism and Discrimination “one of the paradoxes of experience is that, in spite of this historical evidence it is precisely the minority groups that have frequently furnished the most vocal and most numerous advocates of [what] in a capitalist society. They have tended to attribute to capitalism the residual restrictions they experience rather than to recognize that the free market has been the major factor enabling these restrictions to be as small as they are.”

A

Fundamental alterations

46
Q

In the continental tradition, on the other hand, the meaning has generally been that enterprises are free to do what they want, including the fixing of prices, division of markets, and the adoption of other techniques to keep out potential competitors. Perhaps the most difficult specific problem in this area arises with respect to combinations among laborers, where the problem of freedom to combine and the freedom to compete is particularly acute.”

A

Selling a better product at the same price or the same product at a lower price

47
Q

One can shuffle inanimate objects around; one can compel individuals to be at certain places at certain times; but one can hardly compel individuals to put forward their best efforts. Put another way, the substitution of [what] for co-operation changes the amount of resources available… Even the severest internal critics of capitalism have implicitly accepted payment in accordance with product as ethically fair.”

A

Payment in accordance with product; compulsion

48
Q

According to Friedman’s Capitalism and Freedom: Chapter I – The Relation between Economic Freedom and Political Freedom “A working model of a society organized through voluntary exchange is a free private enterprise exchange economy - what we have been calling [what].”

A

Competitive capitalism

49
Q

According to Friedman’s Capitalism and Freedom: Chapter I – The Relation between Economic Freedom and Political Freedom “History suggests only that [what] is a necessary condition for political freedom.”

A

Capitalism

50
Q

According to Kierkegaard’s Concluding Unscientific Postscript which of the following is the “Highest Virtue” of a human?

A

Faith

51
Q

According to Kierkegaard’s Concluding Unscientific Postscript what is “the highest point of existence for the individual who exists in time?”

A

Passion

52
Q

According to Sartre’s Being and Nothingness which of the following is the “Essential Problem” of “Bad Faith?”

A

A Problem of Belief

53
Q

According to Hegel what is equivalent to the “Actual?”

A

Idea

54
Q

According to Hegel what is not a portion of the concept of a “human beings actualization of spirit?”

A

Duty

Philosophy (4 decks)

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