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Philosophy > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

0
Q

According to Diogenes Laërtius: The Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers Book VI: The Cynics: Life of Antisthenes he [Antisthenes] stated “that those who wish to be immortal ought to live [how]?”

A

Piously; justly

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1
Q

According to Antisthenes “the wise man will be guided in his public acts not by [what] but by the [what]?”

A

The established laws; law of virtue

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2
Q

According to Diogenes Laërtius: The Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers Book VI: The Cynics: Life of Antisthenes he [Antisthenes] stated “the wise man alone knew what…?”

A

Objects deserved love

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3
Q

According To Antisthenes virtue is all but what?

A

Conformity

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4
Q

According to Diogenes Laërtius: The Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers Book VI: The Cynics: Life of Antisthenes he [Antisthenes] stated “one should attend to one’s [what], for they are the first persons to detect one’s errors?”

A

Enemies

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5
Q

According to Diogenes Laërtius: The Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers Book VI: The Cynics: Life of Antisthenes he [Antisthenes] stated “[what] is the same in a man as in a woman?”

A

Virtue

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6
Q

According to Xenophanes (c. 580-485 B.C.) what is his concept of God?

A

There is only One God - “The one and the all” who “is not in form like unto mortals” who “sees all over, thinks all over, and hears all over,” who “without toil [sways] all things by the thought of his mind,” who “[resides] ever in the self-same place, moving not at all.”

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7
Q

According to Heraclitus: Soul is Fire (Fragments) “to souls it is death to become [what], to water death to become [what], but from earth water is born, and from water soul.”

A

Water: Earth

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8
Q

According to Parmenides (c. 504-456 B.C.) what term would best describe his universal principle of the cosmos?

A

Changelessness

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9
Q

According to Anaximander (Fragments) “the moon appears to be waxing and waning by turns according to whether the passages are being blocked or opened - The circle of the sun is twenty-seven times that of the earth; that of the moon eighteen times - The [what] is the highest body and the lowest are the circles of [what]?”

A

Sun: Fixed stars

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10
Q

According to Protagoras (c. 480-410 B.C.) upon what does “human survival” depend?

A

Mutual cooperation in society

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11
Q

According to Leucippus (c. 460 B.C.) & Democritus (c. 460-360 B.C.) what are know to be “small tiny absolutely hard and completely solid bodies that cannot be physically divided” which is the basis for their cosmic system?

A

Atome

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12
Q

According to Anaximenes (Fragments) “the heavenly bodies came to be from [what] because of the moisture arising from it?”

A

Earth

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13
Q

Within the thought of Zeno of Elea (c. 490-430 B.C.) who and what is he attempting to support?

A

Parmenides: Changelessness

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14
Q

According to Anaxagoras’ (c. 500-428 B.C.) Fragments what “is the cause of all motion?”

A

Nous

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15
Q

According to Heraclitus (c. 540-480 B.C.) what term would best describe his universal principle of the cosmos?

A

Flux

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16
Q

According to Thales (Fragments) Hippolytus states “[he] is said to have been the first to pursue natural philosophy - he said the beginning and ending of the world was [what]… And this is [what], which has neither beginning nor end?”

A

Water: God

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17
Q

According to Anaximenes (c. 585-525 B.C.) what is his universal principle of the monistic cosmos?

A

Air

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18
Q

According to Heraclitus (c. 540-480 B.C.) which is not a principle of his philosophical system?

A

Nous

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19
Q

According to Leucippus & Democritus: Human Perception (Fragments) “by convention… there is sweet, by convention bitter, by convention hot, by convention cold; by convention color; but in reality” [there is what]?

A

Atoms and void

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20
Q

What is not a thought of Empedocles (c. 490-435 B.C.)?

A

All Eternity - four different kinds of Substance have existed - Earth, Aether, Fire & Water.

21
Q

According to Thales (c. 625-545 B.C.) what is his universal principle of the monistic cosmos?

A

Water

22
Q

According to Pythagoras (c. 578-510 B.C.) all things within the cosmos can be delineated by what term?

A

Numbers

23
Q

According to Parmenides: The Way of Truth (Fragments) “[i] what-is is ungenerated and imperishable, [ii] a whole of one kind, [iii] unperturbed and [iv] complete… for mighty Necessity holds it in the bounds of a limit, which confines it round about… Yet since there is a final limit, it is complete, in every direction.” What geometric shape best describes of what Parmenides speaks?

A

Sphere

24
Q

According to Anaximander (c. 610-547 B.C.) what is his universal principle of the monistic cosmos?

A

Aperion

25
Q

According to Plato’s Phaedrus what is not as component of oratory?

A

He should not use sensational effects

26
Q

According to Plato what leads to the concept “Evil?”

A

Ignorance

27
Q

According to Plato’s Phaedrus Socrates states “[What] is the art of enchanting the soul, and therefore he who would be [what] has to learn the differences of [what]?”

A

Oratory; an orator; human souls

28
Q

In Plato’s The Apology what is not a sentence suggested by Socrates after his conviction?

A

I deserve to suffer any evil as a penalty

29
Q

In Plato’s dialogue The Crito why does Socrates not escape prison?

A

An evil for an evil is an unjust trade

30
Q

In Plato=s dialogue Apology Socrates gives his reason for inquiring of so many people about many different things… what is his main reason?

A

The Oracle at Delphi and the god Apollo

31
Q

What is not a portion of the “Socratic Method” of inquiry?

A

Material dialectic

32
Q

According to Plato’s Philebus Socrates states “the one and many become identified by [what]?”

A

Thought

33
Q

According to Plato’s Meno “the soul, then, as being [what], and having been [what], and having seen all things that exist, whether in this world or in the world below, has [what]?”

A

Immortal; born again many times; knowledge of them all

34
Q

In Plato’s Euthyphro what “distinction fundamental in reasoning” does Socrates make - although Socrates and Euthyphro did not fully define the holy?

A

Gods approve things or actions because they are good

35
Q

According to Plato what is it the “true philosopher” is seeking?

A

Wisdom

36
Q

In Platos dialogue Phaedo Socrates discusses the Asoul,@ the Agods, and Asuicide. Socrates does not approve committing suicide – therefore with what reason would he disagree to commit the act?

A

Our situations drive us to our actions

37
Q

In Plato’s Euthyphro Socrates states the way to begin “political activity aright.” What is it?

A

Pay attention to the young - make them as good as possible

38
Q

In Plato’s Meno what is not stated about the “human soul” by Socrates?

A

It is a perfect form

39
Q

According to Plato what is the essence of all “things?”

A

Forms

40
Q

In Plato=s dialogue Apology Socrates states “I thought that I was really too honest a man to preserve my life if I engaged in these affairs” — what is not one named by Socrates?

A

Philosophical inquiry

41
Q

According to Plato’s Laws “before [what] the immortal Gods have placed the sweat of [what], and long and steep is the way tither, and rugged at first; but when you have reached the top, although difficult before, it is then easy.”

A

Virtue; labour

42
Q

According to Plato’s Phaedo “any man should [not] have confidence for his own soul… awaiting the journey he will make to Hades” if he has done what?

A

If the man acted with temperance towards no beings

43
Q

According to Socrates what is intrinsically and extrinsically “far more valuable than opinion?”

A

Knowledge

44
Q

In Plato’s Euthyphro what charge is leveled against Socrates and expanded in The Apology?

A

Corrupting the Youth

45
Q

According to Plato what individual is best “fit to rule?”

A

The Philosopher who has found “True Knowledge”

46
Q

According to Plato’s Philebus the dialogue concerns the competing arguments by Socrates of [what] and by Philebus (via Protarchus) of [what] in an attempt to find [what]?

A

Wisdom; pleasure; truth

47
Q

According to Socrates how are moral conventions (e.g. right vs. wrong, etc.) to be set?

A

Men within a society

48
Q

According to Plato’s Laws what is not a quality of the tyrant?

A

A non-virtuous nature

49
Q

According to Plato’s Phaedo what is the soul “most similar to?”

A

Constant in relation to itself

Philosophy (4 decks)

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