Exam 4 Flashcards
What does physical activity include?
exercise as well as activities of daily living
What is physical activity?
Any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscle that causes energy expenditure
What is exercise?
intentional physical exertion
What are the short-term benefits of being physically active?
- helps people lose body fat
- builds muscle mass
- helps people become physically fit
What are the long-term benefits of being physically active?
- Maintain healthy body weight
- Reduces the risk of heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, and certain cancers
- Lowers risk of premature death
- Manages stress
- Reduces anxiety and depression
What is physical fitness?
ability to perform moderate to vigorous activity without undue fatigue
What 4 types of physical exercise does the ACSM recommend to promote health and prevent diseases?
- Resistance
- Cardiorespiratory
- Neuromotor
- Flexibility
What is resistance exercise good for?
increases muscle strength, improves body compositions, and promotes bone health
What is cardiorespiratory exercise good for?
increases the heart rate and promotes use of oxygen
What is neuromotor exercise good for?
incorporates balance, coordination, and agility
What is flexibiility exercise good for?
promotes the ability to move joins through whole span of movement
What are the 2 main sources for energy?
- carbohydrates (glucose)
2. fats (fatty acids)
What do energy substrates provide fuel for?
working muscles
Where is energy stored?
in chemical bonds of glucose and fatty acids
What is the body’s energy currency?
ATP
What is the usable form of energy?
adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
How are glucose and fatty acids used for energy?
Chemical bonds broken to release usable form of energy called ATP
What are the 2 energy producing systems?
- anaerobic
2. aerobic
What is anaerobic?
not requiring energy
What is aerobic?
requiring oxygen
How many systems produce ATP in the body?
3
What types of systems produce ATP?
2 anaerobic, 1 aerobic
How do the energy systems work to produce ATP?
Provide overlapping coverage to replenish ATP over the short, medium and long terms
Where do aenaerobic energy-systems occur?
cytosol of the cell
What does anaerobic energy fuel?
higher intensity, shorter duration exercise
What are the 2 anaerobic energy systems?
- phosphagen system
2. glycolysis
What is the phosphagen system?
create phosphate in muscle into ATP
What is glycolysis?
glucose in blood or muscle converted into ATP
Where does the aerobic energy system occur in the cell?
mitochondria
What does aerobic energy fuel?
longer lasting, lower intensity activities
What does the aerobic energy system use?
pyruvate generated by glycolysis as well as fatty acids released from triglycerides
What is aerobic energy critical for?
endurance exercise performance
What do the energy contributions from anaerobic and aerobic energy systems depend on?
the intensity and duration of activity
What does the contribution of glucose or fat during exercise depend on?
intensity and duration
What do higher intensity activity burn more of?
carbs
What do lower intensity activity burn more of?
fat
What determines the intensity of exercise?
a person’s fitness and aerobic capacity
What are measures of exercise intensity?
- Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) at peak of intense aerobic exercise
- Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale
What is VO2max?
uses heart rate to measure as increases along with oxygen consumption
What does VO2max estimate?
maximum heart rate
What is the equation to estimate MHR?
208-(age*0.7)
What is the targate heart rate zone for moderate intensity activity?
65-76% of MHR
What is the most significant factor leading to exhaustion?
depletion of muscle glycogen during aerobic exercise
How does the body store glucose and where?
as glycogen in skeletal muscle and liver
What can glycogen fuel up to?
2000 calores of activity or 1.5-2.5 horus of activity
What is a nickname for depleted glycogen stores?
hit the wall
Who must make sure to replenish glycogen stores daily?
athletes
How should athletes replenish glycogen stores?
carbohydrates
What should daily carbohydrate intake increase by?
training time and intensity increase
What does carb loading do?
increases muscle glycogen stores and delays fatigue
How should someone carb load?
Consume 10 to 12 g/kg body weight/day 1-2 days prior to competition while reducing training volume and intensity
What places females at risk of Female Athlete Triad?
extended periods of low energy intake
What are the interrelationships of Female Athlete Triad?
low-energy intake, menstrual dysfunction (amenorrhea), bone loss (osteoprosis)
What combination supports muscle growth?
protein combined with exercise and sufficient calorie intake
What does resistance training do?
increases muscle mass and strength
boots growth of muscle fibers
What can excess protein intake increase the risk of?
dehydration
Does protein intake above recommended intake levels still cause muscle growth?
no
What are people who do intense training and female atheles at risk of?
suboptimal iron status
What do athletes who meet nutrient needs eat?
adequate, balanced, and varied diet
What group needs more fluids?
athletes
What are 2 ways athletes lose fluids?
- perspiration
2. respiration
What are the 2 goals of fluid consumption?
- limit fluid loss to 2% of body weight
2. Begin training sessions fully hydrated
What are ways to monitor hydration status?
- Weigh before and after training
- Urine should be pale yellow
- One pound of weight loss = ~16 oz. of water
Why shoudl adults engage in regular moderate-intensity activities?
promote health and reduce risk of disease
What does the HHS recommend for adults for exercise?
- At least 2 hours and 30 minutes of moderate- intensity exercise per week or 75 minutes of high-intensity exercise per week
- muscle strengthening activities
What does at least 2 hours and 30 minutes of moderate- intensity exercise per week or 75 minutes of high-intensity exercise per week reduce the risk of?
chronic disease and weight gain
What can even modest amounts of exercise reduce the risk of?
cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes
What time period does pregnancy encompass?
time between fertilization and birth
What is pregnancy divided into?
trimesters
What are some of the physical and nutritional changes during pregnancy?
○ Increased heart and breathing rate ○ Increased blood volume ○ Decreased gastrointestinal motility ○ Increased energy demands and needs ○ Increased use of fatty acids as fuel
What is appropriate weight gain during pregnancy important for?
the health of mother and baby
What is inadequate or excessive weight gain during pregnancy cause?
consequences for mother and baby
What does being underweight and insufficient weight gain increases the risk of for babies?
preterm or SGA
What is preterm?
younger than 37 weeks
What is SGA?
small for gestational age
What is considered SGA?
- Birth weight below 10th percentile
- At higher risk for stillbirth and dying
- Increased risk of hypertension, diabetes, and heart disease as adults
What increases the risk of low birth weight baby?
insufficient energy and nutrient intake
What are the 4 main factors that influence birth weight?
- duration of pregnancy
- weight status of mother before conception
- amount of weight gained during pregnancy
- whether the mother smoked during pregnancy
What includes a healthy prenatal lifestyle?
- being physically active
- eating well
- making responsible choices
- not smoking
- getting regular medical care
When should a woman start establishing a healhty lifestyle if she is wanting to get pregnant?
before conception
What improves fertility?
healthy lifestyle
How should a woman increase her calorie intake when pregnant?
gradually using nutrient-dense foods
Do energy needs increase during early pregnancy?
no
How many more kcal/day in the second trimester?
340
How many more kcal/day in the third trimester?
450
Would would need to increase their calories more when pregnant?
underweight women
Who would needs to decrease calorie increase when pregnant?
overweight women
What is an appropriate gauge of intake?
weight gain
What is a poor gauge of appropriate calorie intake?
calorie counting
How can most pregnant women meet their nutritional requirements?
through food
What is a universally recommended supplement for pregnant women?
iron
Whose advice should you follow if pregnant and taking dietary supplement?
doctor or midwife
What are prenatal multivitamin/mineral supplements good for?
inadequate diet or high-risk pregnancies
What should pregnant women avoid when taking supplements?
taking more than recommended intake levels
What supplements should pregnant vegans take?
vitamin D, iron, vitamin B12
What nutrients do pregnant women have an increased need for?
protein, folate, zinc, iodine, iron
What does consuming inadequate nutrients or excess amounts can put the baby at risk for?
birth defects and other anomalies, especially during critical periods
What are times of accelerated growth during pregnancy called?
critical periods
What are critical periods?
Genetically determined pathways that direct the development of specific cell types, organs and tissues that occur primarily in the first trimester
What is the key nutrient before and during pregnancy for new cell development?
folate
How much folate do women need when not pregnant?
400 mcg/day
How much folate do women need when pregnant?
600 mcg/day
What does folate deficiency lead to in pregnant women?
Birth defects, fetal growth problems, autism, neural tube defects
What is the synthetic form of folate called?
folic acid
When did the US FDA start requiring grain fortification of folate?
1998
What can inadequate vitamin A impact during pregnancy?
development
What can too much vitamin A during pregnancy increase the risk of?
birth defects
What is the most common nutritional inadequacy in pregnancy?
iron deficiency
How much more iron do you need in pregnancy?
50% more
Why do iron needs increase in pregnancy?
increases in maternal hemoglobin production and storage by fetus
How much iron do pregnant women need vs. adult women?
27 vs. 18
How much iron do women normally consume?
half of recommended amount
What iron recommendation is made during pregnancy?
supplement 30 mg/day during second and third trimesters
What does inadequate iron intake during pregnancy increase the risk of?
iron-deficiency anemia in mothers and babies with low birth weight
What are 3 nutrients important for a healthy pregnancy?
calcium, vitamin D, iodine
What does iron deficiency in pregnant affect?
brain development and associated with lower IQs
What are omega-3 fatty acids critical for in pregnancy?
development of the fetal brain
What is the amount of omega-3 in teh fetus correlated with?
amount in mother’s diet
What are the recommendations for omega-3 in pregnancy?
no recommendations
What amount of fish do they recommend you eat in pregnancy?
8-12 oz fish/week
What type of fish should pregnant women eat?
low-mercury fish
What does excess mercury during pregnancy increase the risk of?
CNS defects and slows cognitive development
What are issues that may compromise nutrition and health during pregnancy?
- morning sickness
- pica
- gestational diabetes
What does morning sickness result from?
hormonal changes
What are symptoms of morning sickness?
nausea and vomiting, food aversions
What is pica?
Eating disorder characterized by ingestion of nonfood substances
What could pica be a sign for?
anemia
How many pregnancies result in gestational diabetes?
18%
When does gestational diabetes normally resolve?
after pregnancy
What does gestational diabetes put the fetus at risk of?
type 2 diabetes later in life
What does gestational diabetes increase the risk of?
large-for-gestational age infant
What happens in gestational diabetes?
elevated blood glucose passes to fetus
What can alcohol intake during pregnancy cause?
fetal alcohol syndrome
What is fetal alcohol syndrome?
physical and mental defects observed in infants born to mothers who consumed a significant amount of alcohol during pregnancy
What is the CDC’s recommendation for alcohol during pregnancy?
There is no safe level of alcohol consumption during pregnancy
Should pregnant women limit caffine consumption?
yes
How much more likely are women to develop listeriosis?
20
Why are women more likely to develop listeriosis?
During pregnancy the immune system is suppressed, placing women at increased risk for foodborne illness
What does the AAP recommend for breast feeding?
breast feed exclusively through 6 months
What is lactation?
the production and secretion of milk from the mammary glands
What does the composition of breast milk vary by?
depending on the stage of lactation, milk volume, feeding frequency, and differences between women
Who does breast feeding benefit?
baby and mother
What do women who breast need to do to produce enough nutrient-rich milk?
eplenish nutrient stores and remain healthy
How much do energy demands increase by in the first 6 months after birth?
600 calores/day
How much more should breast feeding women eat?
330 calores
What is the remaining energy needed for breast feeding supplied from?
fat stored during pregnancy
How much more should breast feeding women eat after 6 months?
400 calories/day
What should energy intake equal when breast feeding?
energy in milk produced
What type of foods should breast feeding women focus on eating?
nutrient-dense foods
What is a nutritious alternative to breast milk?
formula feeding
what is formula design to duplicate?
breast milk
What does formula lack?
Lacks antibodies and other components in breast milk
What do infact nutritional recommendations vary by?
age
What should newborns get an injection of at birth?
vitamin K
What should newborns be fed from 0-6 months?
breastmilk and vitamin D supplements
How much vitmain D should newborns get?
400 IU daily
What should 6-12 month olds eat?
solid food and breast milk
How much should infant’s weight increase by at the end of their first year?
triple
How much should an infants height increase by at the end of their first year?
50%
What is the role of solid foods in an infant’s diet?
complement breast milk, not replace it
When should you start feeding your infant solid foods?
when they show certain signs of readiness
It is the position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics that children ages 2 to 11 years should…
- achieve optimal physical and cognitive development
- maintain healthy weights
- enjoy food
- reduce the risk of chronic disease through appropriate eating habits and participation in regular physical activity
what is an indication of adequate nutrition in children?
age appropriate growth rates
What are growth standards expressed in for children?
percentiles with lowest and highest warranting
What are used instead of BMI for children?
growth standards
How fast do you grow in infancy? How does it change through adolescence
rapid to slow
What are growth spurts?
periods of accelerated physical development
what fluctuates during growth spurts
hunger levels
Why can children vary in height, weight and build during school years?
genetics, nutrition, exercise patterns
What is puberty?
a dynamic time of development with periodic growth spurts
US children’s diets are typically…
high energy-density, low nutrient-density, low fiber
Compared with meals and snacks prepared at home, food prepared away from home _______ caloric intake of children
increases
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans established the foundation for what nutrition standards?
USDA National School Lunch Program
What is the USDA National School Lunch Program?
Federally assisted program that provides nutritionally balanced, low cost or free meals
What do the AMDR’s for children establish?
healthful ranges of nutrient intake for growth and development
Who plays a critical role in shaping children’s eating behavior?
parents
How can parents foster positive eating behavior and habits in their children?
- Provide a variety of nutritious foods
- Repeat exposure to nutritious foods
- Encourage but do not force nutritious foods
- Model good eating behaviors
What determines a child’s relationship with food later in life?
parental influence
Eating behavior is influenced by what two environments?
physical and social environments
What are parents responsible for when offering food to their children?
what, when and how food is offered to child; quality, frequency and environment
What fosters healthful food choices?
an appropriate eating environment
What are food jags?
1 Habits or rituals formed by children
2 Generally outgrown with patience and guidance
3 Hunger may fluctuate with growth patterns
Why are food jags developed in children?
strive for more independence in food choice
What are nutrients of concern in children?
calcium, iron, fiber, vitamin D
What is calcium important for in children?
bone health and optimizing bone mass
What is iron important for in children?
- Prevents iron-deficiency anemia
- Supports growth
- Replaces iron lost through menstruation in adolescent girls
What is fiber important for in children?
- Prevents constipation
2. Role in prevention of chronic disease
What is Vitamin D important for in children?
- Crucial for skeletal health and optimal bone development
2. Role in prevention of chronic disease
What is a food allergy?
a reproducible, adverse reaction to a food caused by activation of an immune response
Are more or less people getting food allergies? why?
more, don’t know why
What percentage of food allergic reaction are caused by the big 8?
90%
What are food allergens?
Elicit an allergic reaction in susceptible individuals
What are the Big Eight food allergens?
- Cow’s milk
- Eggs
- Peanuts
- Tree nuts
- Wheat
- Soy
- Fish
- Crustacean shellfish
How much of a food allergen can be life-threatening to a susceptible individual?
a minute amount
What is a food intolerance?
a reproducible adverse reaction to a food that is not a direct result of an immune response
What is an example of a food intolerance?
lactose intolerance
What are characteristics of food intolerances?
- not usually life-threatening
2. can induce allergy like symptoms
How can someone avoid their food allergy allergen?
through awareness and reading labels
What are ways in which the college years are a time of food-related transition?
- Change in eating patterns
- Change in eating environment
- More responsible for food choices
- Peer influence
How much weight gain is the norm for college students
3-4 lbs
What are the critical times for growth and development?
Adolescence (ages 13 to 17 years) and late adolescence/young adulthood (ages 18 to 21 years)
What do adolescence tend to consume?
- More fast food, processed food, and sugar-sweetened beverages
- Fewer vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and milk, Calcium, iron, and fiber
What is alcohol the common name for?
ethanol
What is ethanol?
Potentially intoxicating ingredient found in beer, wine, and liquor with drug like effects, acting as a central nervous system depressant
What energy does ethanol provide?
7 kcal/gm
Is alcohol a nutrient?
no
What is a standard alcoholic drink?
Comprises 14 grams (0.6 fluid ounces) of pure alcohol (ethanol)
- 12 ounces of beer
- 5 ounces of wine
- 1.5 ounces of 80-proof distilled spirits or liquor
What is moderate alcohol consumption for men?
2 drinks per day
What is moderate alcohol consumption for women?
1 drink per day
How is alcohol absorbed?
into the bloodstream and transported to the body’s cells and tissues
Where is alcohol absorbed?
in stomach and small intestine into bloodstream through diffusion
Where is alcohol dispersed?
throughout the
water-containing portions of the body
How long does alcohol stay in the blood and body fluids?
until the liver is able to metabolize (or detoxify) all that has been consumed
How much alcohol can the liver metabolize?
about 1 ounce of alcohol an hour, regardless of how much has been consumed
What are some factors that influence the intoxicating effects of alcohol?
gender, body weight, food intake before or during alcohol consumption, the use of drugs or prescription medications, and even genetic influences
Women experience a _____ rapid rise in blood alcohol levels than do men of the same size with similar alcohol intakes
more
Women experience intoxicating effects (↑BAC) with ____ amounts of alcohol than men in a _____ amount of time
lower, shorter
What is the different in alcohol’s effects in men and women primarily based on?
body composition differences
What mirrors the concentration of alcohol in the blood?
alcohol in the breath and urine
What is the legal limit for intoxication for divers 21 years and older?
BAC of 0.08%
What percentage of all alcohol consumed is by underaged people?
20%
What do the Dietary Guidelines for Americans emphasize for alcohol?
- Emphasize that people should not begin drinking, and if they do drink, to do so in moderation
- Recommends no more than 5% of total calories from alcohol
- Alcohol consumption associated with increased risk of some types of cancer, so there is no safe intake
what is moderate alcohol intake associated with?
- Heart disease, stroke, diabetes, abdominal obesity, and dementia
- Increased high-density lipoprotein “good” cholesterol (HDL)
- Lower overall mortality
- May also be related to other lifestyle choices
What does chronic use and abuse of alcohol have adverse effects on?
organs and body system
What can alcohol intake during pregnancy cause?
fetal alcohol sydrome
Who should never consume alcohol?
- children and adolescents
- pregnant women
- Individuals who plan to drive or operate machinery or take part in activities that require attention, skill, or coordination
- Individuals with certain medical conditions or on certain medications
- Individuals with a family history of alcohol abuse or disorder
Why should children not drink alcohol?
- Possible permanent impairment in cognitive function
- Possible increased risk of fatal and nonfatal injuries
- Five times more likely to become alcohol dependent
- More likely to engage in risky behavior
Why should pregnant women not drink alcohol?
- No safe amount
- Possibility of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
- Decrease in IQ of the child
what is considered heavy drinking?
8 or more drinks a week for women and 15 or more drinks a week for men
What percentage of the population binge drinks?
17%
What percentage of college students binge drink?
40%
What is binge drinking?
4 or more drinks for women and 5 or more drinks for men within about 2 hours
What is alcohol abuse?
a pattern of drinking that has negative consequences on health, relationships, and academic and work performance
What is Alcohol Abuse Disorder?
Medical diagnosis given to individuals who have severe problems with alcohol consumption and meet certain diagnostic criteria
What is alcohol poisoning?
Life-threatening condition due to excess alcohol consumption; a medical emergency
What is alcohol poisoning characterized by?
mental confusion, vomiting, seizures, slow or irregular breathing, and low body temperature
What are eating disorders characterized by?
an unhealthy and abnormal relationship with food and weight that threaten health and interferes with many areas of life
What emotional and psychological issues are eating disorders associated with?
- Depression
- Anxiety
- Perfectionism
- Low-self esteem
- Distorted body image
When is the prevalence of eating disorders more prevalent?
greater during the college years
What percentage of college age women have an eating disorder?
10-20%
What percentage of college men have an eating disorder?
4-10%
What may eating disorder arise in response to?
life stressors or traumatic events
What are cultural influences on eating disorders?
Social and cultural environment with emphasis on appearance and body weight can add to feelings of insecurity and low-self esteem
What are potential causes of eating disorder?
- Genetics and predisposition
- Psychological and personality issues
- Social norms and cultural environmental factors
- Unrealistic ideals for body shape and size as well as eating and exercise patterns
- Low self-esteem
- Past dieting behaviors
What is a common risk factor in developing an eating disorder?
food restriction (dieting)
What are some ways dieting is a common risk factor in developing an eating disorder?
- Dietary restraint and weight loss as risk factors for eating pathology.
- Weight gain, dietary restraint, and disordered eating in the freshman year of college.
- Contributions of mindful eating, intuitive eating, and restraint to BMI, disordered eating, and meal consumption in college students.
What are ways the media influences body image?
Unrealistic body shapes and sizes dominant the media
What identifies the criteria for eating disorders?
DSM-5
What are the two new categories for DSM-5?
- Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder (OSFED)
- Unspecified Feeding or Eating Disorder (UFED)
What percentage of adolescent girls and young women meet the criteria for anorexia?
0.5-1%
What is anorexia nervosa characterized by?
- Distorted body image
- Excessive dietary restriction
- Severe weight loss
- Pathological fear of weight gain
What percentage of anorexics are women?
90-95&
What is the mortality rate for anorexia?
5-20%
What are warning signs of anorexia?
- Dramatic weight loss
- Preoccupation with weight, calories, food, fat grams, dieting
- Frequent comments about feeling “fat” or overweight despite weight loss
- Anxiety about weight gain or being “fat”
- Self-esteem overly related to body image
- Denial of hunger
- Consistent excuses to avoid eating
- Withdrawal from friends and activities
- Excessive and compulsive exercise
- Perfectionism
What percentage of older adolescent girls and young women meet the criteria for Bulimia Nervosa?
.5-1&
What is bulimia characterized by?
Frequent episodes of binge eating followed by inappropriate purging behaviors
What percentage of bulimics are women?
80%
What do bulimic people look like?
average body weight
What may bulimics struggle with?
impulsive behaviors and mood dysregulation
What are warning signs of bulimia?
- Evidence of binge eating
- Evidence of purging behaviors
- Visits to the bathroom after meals
- Abuse of laxatives, diet pills and/or diuretics
- Excessive, rigid exercise routine
- Signs of self-induced vomiting
- Discoloration or staining of the teeth
- Severe dehydration and electrolyte imbalance
- Sore throat and enlarged glands around jaw line
- Self-esteem overly related to body image
- Withdrawal from friends and activities
What is Binge Eating Disorder characterized by?
- Recurring episodes of eating significantly more food in a short period than most people would eat under similar circumstances, with feelings of lack of control
- Binge eating of at least once a week for three months
- Often eat alone
- A feeling of loss of control and marked distress over binge behavior
What percentage of BED people women?
60%
What do those with BED suffer frpm?
overweight or obese
What is the purpose of the new DSM-5 categories?
to better recognize disordered eating conditions that do not meet all the diagnostic criteria for anorexia or bulimia nervosa or BED
What are the health and lifestyle consequences of eating disorders?
Affects quality of life, relationships, and the ability to function day to day, and can be life threatening
What are health and lifestyle consequences of binge eating disorder?
Conditions and chronic diseases related to obesity
What are the health and lifestyle consequences of anorexia nervosa?
- Dehydration, fatigue, low body temperature, hair loss, demineralization of bone, low blood pressure, and loss of cardiac muscle
- Hormonal imbalances and cessation of menstruation
What are the health and lifestyle consequences of bulimia?
- Electrolyte imbalances possibly resulting in life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias
- Hormonal imbalances
- Self-induced vomiting possibly leading to dehydration, teeth erosion, and esophageal damage or tears
What is orthorexia nervosa used to describe?
- Obsession with eating “right”
- Rigid eating and exercise patterns
- Affects quality of life and relationships
- Can negatively affect physical and emotional health
How can individuals overcome eating disorders according to the American Psychological Association?
with aggressive, appropriate, multidisciplinary, and compassionate intervention
What are psychological intervention and treatment options for those with eating disorders?
include family therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and interpersonal psychotherapy
What is the most effective approach to treating eating disorders?
multidisciplinary approach?
What is the multidisciplinary approach to treating eating disorders?
including primary care practitioner, psychologist, psychiatrist, registered dietitian nutritionist and other health care providers
When are results best for eating disorder treatments?
Results are best when the disorder is treated early, but many deny problems exist and postpone treatment for years
What may be helpful in adjunct to therapy for eating disorders?
psychiatric medications
What are the goals of eating disorder treatment?
- Different approach and goals for the different disorders
- Restoration of healthy body weight and overall health
- Normalize eating and exercise patterns
- Help restore healthy attitudes and behaviors toward eating, exercise, and body weight
