Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Three systems of stratification

A

Slavery
Caste
Social Classes

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2
Q

Slavery

A

Most extreme form: individuals are owned by other people and are treated as properly

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3
Q

Caste

A

Systems of stratification are hereditary systems of rank, usually religiously dictated that tend to be fixed and immobile

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4
Q

Social classes

A

Social ranking based primarily on economic position

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5
Q

Marx’s Concept of Social Theory

2 Classes

A

Focus on conflict among social classes
Historically bases concept
differences between classes are based on economics and property

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6
Q

2 Class Society

A

Bourgeoisie: own the means of production
Proletariat: workers, labor, who don’t own property

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7
Q

NO middle class

A

Marx said they are nothing more than “better paid slaves”

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8
Q

Class Consciousness:

A

lower class will not unite to resist those in power until they become aware of:
Their common interest”we are all in this together
Their common enemy
-Bourgeoisie

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9
Q

Five Class model

A

Upper Class: 1-2% US wealthiest
Upper-middle: 10-15% “wealthy professionals”
Lower middle: 30-35% less affluent professionals
Working Class: 40-45% Manual labor
Lower Class: 20-25% minority ethnic groups

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10
Q

Webers view

A

no single statistic describes ones position

3 components: Property, Prestige, Power

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11
Q

Status Inconsistency

A

Predicts that people whose status is inconsistent will be more frustrated and dissatisfied

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12
Q

Is inequality inevitable?

A

Mosca: Yes due to need for structure, political structure requires inequality of power
Davis and Moore: Yes(functionalist theory) society must give reward to most important positions
Marx: No(workers revolt and over throw owner)

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13
Q

Social Mobility

A

upward and downward movement within stratification classes

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14
Q

Social mobility rules

A

Rules governing how we keep our position
Achieved status rules= based on merit
Ascribed status rules= based on who you are

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15
Q

Structural mobility

A

movement between classes due to changes in the number of upper and lower class positions

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16
Q

Exchange Mobility

A

Movement between classes due to positions opening at the top from downward mobility

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17
Q

Racial

A

A group set a part from others because of obvious physical differences
Physical racial distinctions only become important when people attach cultural meanings to them

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18
Q

Ethnic Group

A

A group set apart from others primarily because of its national origin(geographic) or distinctive cultural patterns

19
Q

Social construction of race

A

Process by which people come to define a group as a race based in part on physical characteristics but also on historical, cultural, and economic factors

20
Q

Hypodescent

A

Children whose parents are from different groups are automatically put into the minority group

21
Q

Minority Group

A

A subordinate group whose members have significantly less control or power over their own lives than members of a dominant group

22
Q

5 Properties of minority group

A
Experience unequal treatment
Distinguishing Characteristics
Involuntary Membership
Strong sense of group solidarity
In group marriage
23
Q

Racism

A

Believing that one race is supreme and others are inferior

24
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

assume our culture and way of life represents the norm and is superior to others

25
Stereotypes
Unreliable generalizations about all members of a group that do not recognize individual differences within the group
26
Self-fulfilling prophecy
describes a person/group as having particular characteristics and then they begin to display those very traits
27
Prejudice
Attitude that pre-judges a person based on real or imagined characteristics of a group of which that person is a member
28
Discrimination
The process of denying opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups because of arbitrary reasons
29
Glass Ceiling
Invisible barrier blocking the promotion of qualified individual due to gender, race and ethnicity
30
Gordon Allport Theory
Studied men on a ship racism did not decrease if all officers are white and all chefs are black Group status influences prejudice
31
Ageism
(Robert Butler) Prejudice/discrimination against the elderly Reflects uneasiness about growing old
32
Theories of Age
Disengagement Activity Conflict
33
Disengagement Theory (functionalist)
Society and gaining individual mutually sever relationships Society withdrawals from elderly putting them in homes Says society should help elderly withdraw from social roles so society can function
34
Activity Theory (Interactionalist)
Elderly who remain active will be most well-adjusted Believe elderly still have a need for social interaction See withdrawal as harmful
35
Conflict Theory
Disagrees with both activity and disengagement theory Other perspectives ignore impact of social class in lives of elderly Low status of elderly seen in prejudice and discrimination against them
36
Gender Stratification
Women make .81$ to a mans dollar "second shift" women work a full day and then also do most of domestic jobs Women spend 15 hours in less leisure activity
37
Sex ratio
relationship of the number of men to women (107 men per 100 women) Based on "supply and demand"
38
Causes of sex ratio
``` Geographic mobility Female infanticide Health and diet Differential life expectancy War ```
39
Guttentag and Second Theory
Social behavior changes on sex ratio
40
power dependence
is equal to their inability to achieve their goals outside the relationship
41
2 kinds of power dependence
Dyadic Power | Structural Power
42
Dyadic Power
Capacity of each member of a dyad to impose their will on the other Gender with excess supply will be more dependent on scarce gender "supply and demand"
43
Structural Power
Dependent members of dyad seek to improve bargaining position Try to shape social structures to serve their own interests Gender with greater numbers