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Marriage and Family > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Three systems of stratification

A

Slavery
Caste
Social Classes

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2
Q

Slavery

A

Most extreme form: individuals are owned by other people and are treated as properly

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3
Q

Caste

A

Systems of stratification are hereditary systems of rank, usually religiously dictated that tend to be fixed and immobile

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4
Q

Social classes

A

Social ranking based primarily on economic position

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5
Q

Marx’s Concept of Social Theory

2 Classes

A

Focus on conflict among social classes
Historically bases concept
differences between classes are based on economics and property

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6
Q

2 Class Society

A

Bourgeoisie: own the means of production
Proletariat: workers, labor, who don’t own property

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7
Q

NO middle class

A

Marx said they are nothing more than “better paid slaves”

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8
Q

Class Consciousness:

A

lower class will not unite to resist those in power until they become aware of:
Their common interest”we are all in this together
Their common enemy
-Bourgeoisie

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9
Q

Five Class model

A

Upper Class: 1-2% US wealthiest
Upper-middle: 10-15% “wealthy professionals”
Lower middle: 30-35% less affluent professionals
Working Class: 40-45% Manual labor
Lower Class: 20-25% minority ethnic groups

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10
Q

Webers view

A

no single statistic describes ones position

3 components: Property, Prestige, Power

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11
Q

Status Inconsistency

A

Predicts that people whose status is inconsistent will be more frustrated and dissatisfied

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12
Q

Is inequality inevitable?

A

Mosca: Yes due to need for structure, political structure requires inequality of power
Davis and Moore: Yes(functionalist theory) society must give reward to most important positions
Marx: No(workers revolt and over throw owner)

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13
Q

Social Mobility

A

upward and downward movement within stratification classes

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14
Q

Social mobility rules

A

Rules governing how we keep our position
Achieved status rules= based on merit
Ascribed status rules= based on who you are

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15
Q

Structural mobility

A

movement between classes due to changes in the number of upper and lower class positions

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16
Q

Exchange Mobility

A

Movement between classes due to positions opening at the top from downward mobility

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17
Q

Racial

A

A group set a part from others because of obvious physical differences
Physical racial distinctions only become important when people attach cultural meanings to them

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18
Q

Ethnic Group

A

A group set apart from others primarily because of its national origin(geographic) or distinctive cultural patterns

19
Q

Social construction of race

A

Process by which people come to define a group as a race based in part on physical characteristics but also on historical, cultural, and economic factors

20
Q

Hypodescent

A

Children whose parents are from different groups are automatically put into the minority group

21
Q

Minority Group

A

A subordinate group whose members have significantly less control or power over their own lives than members of a dominant group

22
Q

5 Properties of minority group

A 
Experience unequal treatment
Distinguishing Characteristics
Involuntary Membership
Strong sense of group solidarity
In group marriage
23
Q

Racism

A

Believing that one race is supreme and others are inferior

24
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

assume our culture and way of life represents the norm and is superior to others

25
Q

Stereotypes

A

Unreliable generalizations about all members of a group that do not recognize individual differences within the group

26
Q

Self-fulfilling prophecy

A

describes a person/group as having particular characteristics and then they begin to display those very traits

27
Q

Prejudice

A

Attitude that pre-judges a person based on real or imagined characteristics of a group of which that person is a member

28
Q

Discrimination

A

The process of denying opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups because of arbitrary reasons

29
Q

Glass Ceiling

A

Invisible barrier blocking the promotion of qualified individual due to gender, race and ethnicity

30
Q

Gordon Allport Theory

A

Studied men on a ship
racism did not decrease if all officers are white and all chefs are black
Group status influences prejudice

31
Q

Ageism

A

(Robert Butler)
Prejudice/discrimination against the elderly
Reflects uneasiness about growing old

32
Q

Theories of Age

A

Disengagement
Activity
Conflict

33
Q

Disengagement Theory (functionalist)

A

Society and gaining individual mutually sever relationships
Society withdrawals from elderly putting them in homes
Says society should help elderly withdraw from social roles so society can function

34
Q

Activity Theory (Interactionalist)

A

Elderly who remain active will be most well-adjusted
Believe elderly still have a need for social interaction
See withdrawal as harmful

35
Q

Conflict Theory

A

Disagrees with both activity and disengagement theory
Other perspectives ignore impact of social class in lives of elderly
Low status of elderly seen in prejudice and discrimination against them

36
Q

Gender Stratification

A

Women make .81$ to a mans dollar
“second shift” women work a full day and then also do most of domestic jobs
Women spend 15 hours in less leisure activity

37
Q

Sex ratio

A

relationship of the number of men to women
(107 men per 100 women)
Based on “supply and demand”

38
Q

Causes of sex ratio

A 
Geographic mobility
Female infanticide
Health and diet
Differential life expectancy
War
39
Q

Guttentag and Second Theory

A

Social behavior changes on sex ratio

40
Q

power dependence

A

is equal to their inability to achieve their goals outside the relationship

41
Q

2 kinds of power dependence

A

Dyadic Power

Structural Power

42
Q

Dyadic Power

A

Capacity of each member of a dyad to impose their will on the other
Gender with excess supply will be more dependent on scarce gender
“supply and demand”

43
Q

Structural Power

A

Dependent members of dyad seek to improve bargaining position
Try to shape social structures to serve their own interests
Gender with greater numbers

Marriage and Family (2 decks)

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