Exam 4 Flashcards
vas deferens
the duct that conveys sperm from the testicle to the urethra
carcinoma of the prostate
cancer of the prostate
prostatectomy
removal of the prostate
testicular torsion
when the spermatic cord twists, cutting off the testicle’s blood supply
oligospermia
male fertility issue defined as a low sperm concentration in the ejaculate
orchitis
inflammation of one or both of the testicles
circumcision
removal of the foreskin
pons
connection of nerve and nerve fiber pathways including those to the eyes and face
cerebrum
thinking, personality, sensations, movements, memory
thalamus
relay station for sensory impulses; control of awareness and consciousness
hypothalamus
body temperature, sleep, appetite, emotions; control of the pituitary gland
cerebellum
coordination of voluntary movements and balance
medulla oblongata
nerve fibers cross over, left to right and right to left; contains centers o regulate heart, blood vessels, and respiratory system
neurotransmitters
chemical messengers released at the end of a nerve cell. It stimulates or inhibits another cell, which can be a nerve cell, muscle cell, or gland cell (ex: acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin)
dendrite
microscopic branching fiber of a nerve cell that is the first part to receive the nervous impulse
myelogram
X-ray study that involves the injection of a dye into the spinal canal to assess the nerve roots
CT scan
(computed tomography) xray technique that generates multiple images of the brain and spinal cord
MRI
(magnetic resonance imaging)
magnetic field and pulses of radiowave energy create images of the brain and spinal cord
CVA
(cerebrovascular accident)
disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain; stroke
blood brain barrier
protective separation between the blood and brain cells. This makes it difficult for substances to penetrate capillary walls and enter the brain
afferent nerves
carries messages toward the brain and spinal cord
efferent nerves
a nerve that caries messages away from the brain
CNS
central nervous system
PNS
peripheral nervous system
TIA
transient ischemia attack; temporary interference with the blood supply to the brain
MS (multiple sclerosis)
destruction of the myelin sheath on neurons in the CNS and its replacement by plaques of sclerotic tissue
dura mater
thick, outermost layer of the meninges surrounding and protecting the brain and spinal cord. Latin for “hard mother”
myelin sheath
covering of white fatty tissue that surrounds and insulates the axon of a nerve cell. myelin speeds impulse conduction along axons.
gray matter
inner region containing cell bodies and dendrites
AD
(Alzheimer disease)
Brain disorder marked by gradual and progressive mental deterioration, personality changes, and impairment of daily functioning
PD
Parkinson’s disease, degeneration of neurons in the basal ganglia, occurring in later life and leading to tremors, weakness of muscles, and slowness of movement.
embolus
clot of material that travels through the bloodstream and suddenly blocks vessels
cerebral angiography
xray imaging of the arterial blood vessels in the brain after injection of contrast material
axon
microscopic fiber that carries the nervous impulse along a nerve cell
epilepsy
chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity
dopamine
CNS neurotransmitter, deficient in patient with Parkinson disease
vagus nerve
tenth cranial nerve
CSF
cerebrospinal fluid
astrocyte
type of glial cell that transports water and salts from capillaries
synapse
space through which a nervous impulse travels between nerve cells or between nerve and muscle or glandular cells.
BPH
(benign prostatic hyperplasia)
urinary obstruction and inability to empty the bladder completely. Happens in older men usually over 60
castration
surgical excision of testicles or ovaries
vasectomy
bilateral surgical removal of part of the vas deferens
chlamydial infection
bacterial invasion of the urethra and reproductive tract.
Men experience burning while urinating and have clear discharge.
women experience yellow discharge but the disease is usually asymptomatic
Gonorrhea
inflammation of the genital tract mucosa, caused by infection with gonococci
men experience dysuria, yellow pus filled discharge
women experience vaginal discharge but is usually asymptomatic
herpes genitalis
infection of skin and genital mucosa caused by HSV
Symptoms include reddening of skin, fluid filled blisters and ulcers.
HPV - human papillomavirus
infection of the skin and mucous membranes in the anogenital region by the human papillomavirus.
symptoms are genital warts and can lead to cancer
syphilis
chronic STI caused by a spirochete
symptoms include chancre, damage to brain, heart and spine. Can be congenital to the fetus in a women
aspermia
failure to produce semen, or absence of sperm in the semen
hypospadias
a congenital condition in males in which the opening of the urethra is on the underside of the penis.
what is the male gonad?
testicle/testes
prostate gland
exocrine gland at the base of the male urinary bladder
What is the tissue that produced sperm cells?
seminiferous tubules
What is the male androgen?
testosterone
cryptorchidism
undescended testicles
What produces testosterone and sperm cells?
Testosterone is produced by the prostate gland and sperm cells are produced by testosterone and FSH
crypt/o
hidden
andr/o
male
epididym/o
epididymis
hydr/o
water
orch/o
orchi/o
orchid/o
test/o
testes
prostat/o
prostate gland
semin/i
sperm/o
semen, seed
vas/o
vessel, vas deferens
zo/o
animal life
cerebr/o
cerebrum
dur/o
dura mater
encephala/o
brain
mening/o
meningi/o
meninges/membrane
dysphasia
difficulty speaking
neur/o
nerve
pont/o
pons
thalam/o
thalamus
vag/o
vagus nerve
-algia
pain
kines/o kinesi/o -kinesia -kinesis -kinetic
movement
