exam 4 Flashcards
implementation?
provide motivating demonstration and supervision for daily self care…intro tobacco cessation where indicated, spread instructions over several appts…
remember, learning takes time and reinforcement,,
what are endogenous stains?
develop or originate from within the tooth. always intrinsic and usually are discolorations of the dentin reflected through the enamel. (such as amelogensis imperfecta)
what are the temporary causes of dry mouth?
occurs in diseases accompanied by high fever with dehydration or fluid loss, with control of certain diseases such as diabetes or hyperthyroidism, salivary flow returns to normal..
Why are power brushes more effective than manual?
they move in speed an motions that manual bruhses cannot. very helpful for those who cannot remove biofilm well on their own.
when something is stained entirely within?
intrinsic
what are volatile sulphur compounds?
VSC’s are produced consisting of hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, and lesser amounts of dimethyl sulfide and disulfide.. much higher in pts. with perio disease
rapidly progressive caries occuring in many teeth simultaneously also called acute caries in contrast to chronic caries (slow developing)
rampant caries
what is… when an intrinsic stain come from an outside source, not from within the tooth?
exogenous intrinsic
what does produced within or caused by factors within mean?
endogenous
when you recommend mouth wash to a pt. with xerostomia, what should you not recommend?
anything with alcohol
early stage of the caries process when demineralization causes a change in the enamel to appear chalky white.
white spot lesion
what are the systemic factors that cause halitosis?
renal or hepatic failure, carcinomas, diabetes, upper resp. infections, blocked nasal passages, sinus drainage, cirrhosis of liver.
what does green stain result from?
oral uncleanliness, chromogenic bacteria, and gingival hemorrhage
may occur at any age, primarily found in childhood and collects on both primary and permanent teeth
What was the percentage of the reduction of caries in the U.S since the public water supply was fluoridated in 1945?
40-60 percent
what is the most effective means of biofilm removal for facial and lingual surfaces, and proximal surfaces?
toothbrush and flossing
plan short and long term maintenance?
determine appropriate maintenance intervals (3-4-6 months)
what are the four acids produced by the metabolic breakdown process?
acetic, lactic, formic, and propionic..
what are the four types of fermentable carbohydrate?
sucrose, glucose, fructose and cooked starch
what is halitosis?
an unpleasant odor of exhaled air, a symptom of importance in the complete consideration of health promotion and disease prevention..
failure to carry out a prescribed healthcare plan, for example, failure to take medication as prescribed?
noncomplaince
procedure to assess risk for future dental caries development and identify approaches to managing caries risk..
CAMBRA (Caries Assessment and Management by Risk Assessment)
after remineralization, the caries process is halted, the area usually becomes discolored with a brownish tinge, darker with age or in tobacco user..
arrested caries
what bacteria are namely responsible for caries formation?
mutans streptococci, lactobacillus..
what is xerostomia?
dryness of the mouth caused by the diminishing of saliva.. it is a symptom, not a disease.
what are the major causes of permanent xerostomia?
radiation to head and neck for cancer therapy where permanent damage to the salivary glands can result, surgical removal of glands..
Describe the bass method of tooth brushing
direct filaments epically (up for maxillary and down for mand)
turn the brush head toward the gingival margin to make a 45 degree angle to the long axis of the tooth
direct the bristles into the gingival sulcus
press lightly and do not bend the bristles with excess pressure
vibrate the brush back and forth with very short strokes
apply brush to next two or three teeth and repeat
mechanism of action when enhances remineralization?
as the saliva flows over the biofil, its buffering properties neutralize the acid produced by the bacteria.. the pH rises toward neutral and prevents further dissolution of the minerals.. minerals in the saliva can go back into the tooth for remineralization..
what other ingredient does air powder polisher include besides air and water?
sodium bicarbonate or aluminum trihydroxide
what are the three steps in the fluoride mechanisms of action?
inhibits demineralization
enhances remineralization
inhibits bacteria in the biofilm
why do we avoid polishing teeth on the same day as quadrant deep scaling and root planing?
particles can become embedded out of reach of the most careful irrigation and rinsing because the disease lining of the pocket has usually been removed and the pocket wall is wide open.
with reference to abrasive agents, this is the particle size
grit
best way or instrument to detect coronal caries on a remineralizing tooth surface?
probe or explorer, unless you can visually see it
contraindications for air powder polishing?
phys. directed sodium restricted diet
resp. disease
pt. with end stage renal disease
avoid polishing cementum and dentin and free gingival tissue
chromogenic bacteria and fungi
decomposed hemoglobin
inorganic elements include calcium, potassium, sodium, silicon, magnesium, phosphorus, and other elements in small amounts
composition of green stain
common in people among eastern countries and has caries inhibiting effect. dark discoloration of the teeth, mahagony brown and almost black.. can become thick and hard, with partly smooth and rough surfaces. microscopically, the black deposit consists of microorganisms and mineralized material with a laminated pattern characterisitc of subgingival calculus and can be removed by scaling
betel leaf
what is the objective of a dental hygienist?
to provide the pt. with care and education so that dental health will be maintained indefinitely.
what are the functions of saliva?
buffers the acids and to supply minerals to replace those calcium and phosphate ions dissolved from the tooth during demineralization..
what does producing color or pigment mean?
chromogenic
the two ways stains are classified by source?
exogenous and endogenous