Exam 4 Flashcards
What are the 4 defects in Tetralogy of Fallot?
1.Pulmonary stenosis 2.Ventricular septal defect 3.Right ventricular hypertrophy 4. overriding aorta
What is the most common clinical manifestation of coarctation of aorta?
The BP in the arms is 20mm Hg higher than that of the legs
hypertension upper extremities
Why would iron deficiency anemia not be diagnosed earlier than approx. 6 months of age?
When the maternal stores of iron become depleted
What medication(s) is/are given to treat iron-deficiency anemia?
Fer-in-sol (ferrous sulfate)
What causes the pain of sickle cell anemia?
The clumping of sickled cells; destructed blood flow to the area
What measures can be taken to reduce the risk of sickle cell crisis?
Maintaining adequate hydration to prevent further sickling, administering analgesics as ordered.
What lab test is abnormal for the child with hemophilia?
PT , PTT
What is the most effective therapy for maintaining remission of acute lymphatic leukemia?
Daily doses of (6-mp) 6-meracaptopurine, weekly doses of methotrexate, and monthly doses of prednisone and vincristine for 2-3 years long term chemotherapy
The severity of infant respiratory distress syndrome is most influenced by what factor?
deficiency of surfactant gestational age-the younger the age, the less surfactant
Know the expected oxygen levels for an oxygen tent? (remember low levels of oxygen can cause restlessness)
high cool mist humidity with low concentration oxygen (30%) by mist tent increase oxygenation
Why is the child with laryngotracheobronchitis kept NPO?
Because the typically rapid respiration predispose to aspiration
What is the danger associated with acute epiglottitis?
epiglottal spasm, and stopped breathing airway obstruction
what preventative measures are there for pneumonia during childhood?
get pneumonia vaccine
In what position should the child NOT be put in to help reduce the risk of SIDS?
prone position
How should the nurse interact with parents of an infant who has just died of SIDS? What feelings should the nurse help allay?
Offer to stay with the family, or allow them private if they wish. pack the baby’s belongings and give them to the family on their departure. Ensure that the parents’ last moments with their infant are quiet and as meaningful as possible support them and not feel guilty
What is the mainstay of therapy for the child with cystic fibrosis?
pulmonary therapy and chest physiotherapy
What is the underlying pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis?
excessive thick mucus that obstructs the lungs and the GI system pulmonary failure
What is the best time to administer pancreatic enzymes for the child with cystic fibrosis?
before meals and snacks
What implement should be avoided immediately following repair of a cleft lip and palate?
DON’T use spoons , forks, and straws
USE cup feeding dropper and syringe
What is an appropriate nursing diagnosis for the parents of an infant born with a clef lip and palate?
risk for impaired attatchment
What are the long-term complications of cleft lip and palate?
speech impairment and middle ear infections and faulty dentition
How does the nurse measure output for an infant with dehydration?
Weigh wet diapers. By subtracting the weight (in grams) of a dry diaper from the weight of the wet diaper, you will be able to calculate the actual fluid content of the diaper
A child has been rehydrated after a bout of diarrhea. what foods would be nonirritating to the bowel and appropriate to feed this child?
Bananas, rice, applesauce, vegetable juice, crackers, pretzels and toast (BRAT diet modified)
How is gastroesophageal reflux (GER) treated within the first week of life?
small frequent meals, head elevated at least 30degrees , thicken with cereal
What are the expected assessment findings of the child with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?
PROJECTILE VOMITING, weight loss, palpable olive shape mass at the midline.
What is the hallmark sign of intussuseption?
currant jelly stools (feces that is mixed with blood and mucus from the intestinal mucosa)
What is the pathophysiology of Hirschsprung’s disease?
Absence of innervation to a segment of the bowel. the lower portion of the sigmoid colon just above the anus is affected (megacolon)
What are the treatments for acute glomerulonephritis
bed rest and adequate nutrition. A diet of restricted fluids, sodium, potassium and phosphate
What are the priority nursing Dx for a 4 year old with nephrosis?
IDK
Why is it critical to place a newborn baby on oral thyroid replacement therapy if he has hypothyroidism?
To avoid permanent cognitive (the process of knowing) impairment