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Maternal/Newborn > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the coiled structure that sits on top of the testes and is the place where sperm matures?

A

Epididymis

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2
Q

Which term refers to the penis and scrotum?

A

External genitals (genitalia)

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3
Q

Which structure carries both urine and sperm?

A

Urethra

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4
Q

Which cells secrete testosterone?

A

Interstitial Cells

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5
Q

What state is caused by the filling of erectile tissue with blood?

A

Erection

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6
Q

Which hormone is also called interstitial cell-stimulating hormone and stimulates the interstitial cells to secrete testosterone?

A

LH (Lutinizing Hormone)

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7
Q

Implantation of the trophoblast occurs within which organ?

A

Uterus

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8
Q

What is a trophoblast?

A

Single layer of flattened cells surrounding the cavity that help form the placenta and secrete important hormones.

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9
Q

What structure consists of a midpiece, head, and flagellum?

A

Sperm

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10
Q

On what organ is the corpus luteum found?

A

Overies

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11
Q

If implantation occurs within the fallopian tube, the pregnancy is best described as what?

A

Ectopic (tubal)

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12
Q

What is the target of FSH and LH?

A

Gonads (Ovaries/ Testes)

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13
Q

Which hormone promotes the maturation of the egg and helps develop the female characteristics?

A

Estrogen

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14
Q

What is the primary secretion of the corpus luteum?

A

Progesterone

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15
Q

What is the midcycle event stimulated by a surge of LH?

A

Ovulation

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16
Q

What is the uterine lining called that is most responsive to the hormonal effects of estrogen and progesterone?

A

Endometrium (the functional layer)

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17
Q

Which structure is the major producer of testosterone in the male?

A

Testes

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18
Q

What is the consequence of severing the vas deferens?

A

Infertility

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19
Q

What factors explain why the pregnant woman does not menstruate?

A

hCG is secreted to keep the corpus luteum alive to produce large amounts of progesterone and estrogen; which stimulate the growth of the uterine wall and prevent menstruation.

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20
Q

What is in the “Pill” that makes it contraceptive?

A

Synthetic estrogen and progesterone

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21
Q

Which structure is commonly called the bag of waters (it breaks prior to delivery and often signals the onset of labor)?

A

Amniotic sac

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22
Q

What is the outer extra embryonic membrane that forms finger-like projections called villi and helps form the placenta?

A

Allantois/ chorionic

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23
Q

What is the disc-like structure where the fetal and maternal circulations meet (baby eats, excretes, and breathes at this site).

A

Placenta

24
Q

Which cream-cheese-like structure by baby’s sebaceous glands and protects the skin from the amniotic fluid?

A

Vernix Caseosa

25
Q

What is the name of the fine downy hair that covers the fetus?

A

Lanugo

26
Q

What us the name of the yellowish watery fluid secreted by the mammary glands immediately after delivery?

A

Colostrum

27
Q

What factors are most related to fertilization? What is it? How many chromosomes?

A

Meiosis

28
Q

What factors are most related to implantation?

A

Uterine mucosa (anterior or posterior fundus usually)

29
Q

What is the description of a zygote?

A

fertilized ovum

30
Q

To what structure is human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) most related?

A

Chorionic villi secrete hCG, which stimulates continued production of progesterone and estrogen from the corpus luteum, which grows on the surface of the ovary

31
Q

A woman who is 38 weeks pregnant tells the nurse that the baby has dropped and she is having urinary frequency again. The nurse recognizes this as?

A

Lightening

32
Q

How do Braxton-Hicks contractions differ from labor contractions?

A

Weak, irregular and ineffectual

33
Q

How does the nurse differentiate true labor from false labor?

A

regular pattern, get closer together, stronger, start in lower back and move like a band toward front, cervix softens, effaces, and dilates.

34
Q

Why is the size of the true pelvis more important than the size of the false pelvis?

A

B/C the fetal head must be able to pass though for vaginal delivery

35
Q

Which part of the uterus provides the force during contractions?

A

Fundus (walls of upper section)

36
Q

What is the largest diameter of the fetal skull?

A

Biparietal measurement

37
Q

The nurse teaches a group of primigravidas that during delivery, pressure on the fetal skull may produce changes in the shape of the skull called?

A

Molding

38
Q

Know the differences between fetal attitude, lie, presentation, and position

A

attitude: relationship of fetal parts to one another (idel: flexion)

Lie: relationship of chephalicocaudal (head to butt) axis of fetus to the chephalicocaudal axis of the mother (ideal: longitudinal)

Presentation: the part of the fetus that 1st enters the pelvis (idel: head)

Position: position of presenting fetal part to a quadrant of the maternal pelvis (ideal:vertex )

39
Q

How frequently should the nurse monitor FHTs during the second stage of labor?

A

Q 5min

40
Q

Know the descriptions of early, late and variable decorations and the meaning of each.

A

Early: pressure y fetal skull (corresponding with contractions)

Late: decreased O2 and blood flow to fetus through placenta (noted after peak of contraction; off set)

Variable: compression on umbilical cord. Random and sudden FHR below normal (bad)

41
Q

When monitoring the FHR, the nurse recognizes indications that the FHR is nonreassuring. This indicates to the nurse that the fetus is experiencing fetal distress most likely related to?

A

Hypoxia

42
Q

Know characteristics of a reassuring FHR.

A

120-160 BPM (fundamentals book)

110-160BPM (A&P book)

No late decelerations and moderate variability

43
Q

What is the first thing a nurse should do when the pts membranes rupture?

A

Assess FHR because of possible prolapsed umbilical cord

44
Q

What immediate actions for the nurse take for a prolapsed umbilical cord?

A

Trendelenburg and one to chest

“Head ↓ ass ↑” Mr. Bryan

45
Q

What is the nurse’s responsibilities as they relate to fetal monitoring?

A

Recognize s/s of distress, and intervene appropriately

46
Q

Why is exposure to German measles a problem in the first trimester of pregnancy?

A

Teratogen-causes defects and can kill baby

47
Q

What projects the fetus most from bacterial infections?

A

Placental barrier

48
Q

Know how to use Nagele’s role to determine the estimated date of birth.

A

Count back 3 months,

Add 1 year and 7 days

49
Q

Know the presumptive, probable, and positive signs of pregnancy.

A

Presumptive: amenorrhea, nausea, vomiting, frequent urination, breast changes, changes in shape of the abd, quickening, skin changes, Chadwick’s sign (blue/purpleish color to external sex organs b/c of hyperoxygenation)

Probable: changes in the reproductive organs, hegars sign (softening of uterus istmus), goodells sign (softening of cervix), Ballottment (can push on cervix and it bounces the baby up and back down), positive pregnancy test.

Positive: visualizations, fetal movement, auscultation of fetal hearbeat

50
Q

what advice should the nurse give the pregnant woman about sexual activity during pregnancy

A

Stop if there is bleeding.

51
Q

Know how to determine GTPAL

A

Gravida- pregnancies

Term- greater than 37 weeks

Preterm- 20-36 weeks

Abortion-less than 20 weeks

Living- how many living children

52
Q

How long do maternal antibodies protect the baby after birth?

A

6months

53
Q

During pregnancy an increase in circulation blood volume causes a reduction in what blood component

A

Diluted RBCs

54
Q

What nursing interventions are indicated for increased urinary frequency during late pregnancy

A

Life on site to relieve pressure of bladder

DONT limit fluids: dehydration increases risk for early labor

55
Q

Know danger signals of pregnancy

A

Increased B/P, edema, SOB, visual disturbances, headaches, bleeding

56
Q

What nursing intervention would be helpful for a patient 32 wrote pregnant so is having difficulty sleeping

A

Drink warm milk

57
Q

What are the dangers of smoking to a pregnant woman’s baby

A

Low birth weight

Maternal/Newborn (3 decks)

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