Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

hematology > exam 4 > Flashcards

exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the characteristics of acute leukemia?

A 
progresses rapidly
effects all ages, but most children
anemia
thrombocytopenia
abnormal young cell types (blasts, myelomonocytes)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the characteristics of chronic leukemia?

A

adults
progresses slower
cells more mature (small mature lymphs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what environmental factors can increase the incidence of leukemia?

A

radiation
viral infections
toxic exposure
genetic abnormalities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the FAB classification?

A

french-american-british

used for acute leukemias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what cytochemical stains or cellular constituents are used to diagnose acute myelocytic leukemia (AML)?

A

peroxidase +
sudan B +
auer rods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

which leukemia is associated with increased incidence of bleeding disorders?

A

APL- acute promyelocytic leukemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is Naegli’s leukemia and what are its distinguishing characteristics?

A

“myelomonocytic”
myelomonocyte predominant cells
all stages of myelo-mono cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what cytochemical stains are positive in acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)?

A

PAS- periodic acid schiff

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what cytochemical stains are positive in acute monocytic leukemia (AMoL)?

A

nonspecific esterase,

completely inhibited by fluoride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what cytochemical stains are positive in acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMML)?

A

specific and nonspecific esterase

limitedly inhibited by fluoride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what cytochemical stain are positive in erythroleukemia?

A

PAS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

characterize chronic myelocytic (myelogenous) leukemia (CML):

A

all stages of granulocytes
lots of myelocytes & mature neutrophils (bands/segs)
BMC: 100%
70% of cases go into final blast crises

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

which leukemia is = for both esterases?

A

ALL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what type of leukemia is most frequently seen in children?

A

ALL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what type of leukemia is most commonly seen in middle age?

A

CML- chronic myelogonous leukemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what type of leukemia is most commonly seen in older patients?

A

CLL- chronic lymphocytic leukemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what does the PBS in CLL usually show?

A

100% small mature lymphs

smudge cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what does the bone marrow show in CLL?

A

not 100% cellularity

more small lymphs than normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what does the bone marrow show in CLL?

A

not 100% cellularity

more small lymphs than normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what leukemia is characterized by “fluffy” undifferentiated cells?

A

stem cell leukemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is another name for erythroleukemia?

A

DiGuglielmo syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

erythroleukemia usually terminates in

A

AML- acute myelocytic leukemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are the characteristics of myeloid metaplasia?

A

BM; extramedullary hematopoeisis

tear drop cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are the characteristics of leukemoid reactions?

A 
neutrophilic - shift to the left 
increase young cells
dohle bodies
toxic granulation
increased LAP
CML - decreased LAP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

name several causes of leukopenia

A

due to drug exposure

viral infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is agranulocytosis?

A

severe neutropenia
decreased neutrophils
low white count

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what are the WBC, RBC, and platelet counts in agranulocytosis?

A

wbc is decreased

RBC and platelets are normal

28
Q

what is another name for hairy cell leukemia?

A

leukemicreticuloendotheliosis

29
Q

what cell type does hairy cell leukemia involve?

A

B cell

30
Q

patients with ALL can relapse due to repopulation of the peripheral blood with cells from the ….

A

spinal fluid

31
Q

what condition are foam cells associated with?

A

nemanpick disease

32
Q

what condition are Reed-sternbeg cells associated with?

A

hogdkins disease

33
Q

what condition are downey cells associated with?

A

IM- infectious mononucleiosis

34
Q

what condition are plasma cells associated wtih?

A

MM- multiple myeloma

35
Q

bence jones protein associated with…

A

MM

36
Q

greatly increased platelets associated with…

A

CML

37
Q

philadelphia chromosome associated with..

A

CML

38
Q

rouleaux formation associated with..

A

MM

39
Q

phagocytes with ingested, altered nucleprotien associated with..

A

le cell

40
Q

leukemoid reaction with increased EOS assocaited with..

A

hogdkins

41
Q

negative LAP associated with..

A

CML

42
Q

presence of auer rods associated with..

A

CML

43
Q

hyposegmentation of neutrophils associated with..

A

pelger huet

44
Q

increased basophils (2 conditions) assocaited with..

A

CML

mast cell leukemia

45
Q

what are the characteristics of waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia?

A

rouleaux
plasma cytoidlymphs
sed rate very increased

46
Q

what is the L.E. factor?

A

IgG antibody

47
Q

what is the L.E. factor?

A

IgG antibody

48
Q

what portion of the blood specimen is used to make L.E. preparation?

A

buffy coat from white cell layer

49
Q

what test should be done to confirm a diagnosis of SLE?

A

ANA

antinuclear antibody

50
Q

describe the appearance of an atypical lymph

A

larger indented by RBC

stain deeper blue on edges

51
Q

describe the appearance of an auer rod

A

reddish-pink rod shaped structure in cytoplasm of blast

52
Q

describe the appearance of dohle bodies

A

light blue inclusions in neutrophil cell membranes

53
Q

what abnormalities (other than ATLs) can be found in associated with IM?

A

heterophile Ab
Ab to epstein barr virus
atypical lymphs

54
Q

what is the use of the LAP in the hematology lab?

A

dif. leukamoid rxc (+) from CML (=)

55
Q

what is the use of the myeloperoxidase in the hematology lab?

A

distinguish AML(+) & ALL(=)

56
Q

what is the use of the PAS in the hematology lab?

A

+ ALL erythroleukemia +

57
Q

what is the use of the NBT in the hematology lab?

A

high when it is a bacterial infection

58
Q

what is the use of the TdT in the hematology lab?

A

Dx ALL

this is an enzyme test

59
Q

what is the most common childhood non-hodgkins lymphoma?

A

burkitt’s

60
Q

what is the principle of operation of the Hema-Tek slide stainer?

A

fix it
stain it
air dry it

61
Q

what is the impedence principle of cell counting?

A

cell interrupts current creating resistance (electrical current)

62
Q

what is the principle of flow cytometry?

A

light source is interrupted

63
Q

what RBC parameters are directly measured by the Coulter Maxim (and the Excell 16)?

A

MCV directly measured (also calculated)

Hct estimated

64
Q

when using an impedence counter, why is it necessary that the cellc ounts be corrected for coincidence?

A

more than one cell can pass through at one time; more than 10,000 WBC should be corrected

65
Q

what RBC parameters are directly measured by the Coiulter LH (and the midnray BC- 3200)?

which are calculated?

A

MCV, hgb, RBC, WBC

hct, MCH, MCHC

hematology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions