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hematology > exam 3 > Flashcards

exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

how is the promyelocyte differentiated from the myeloblast?

A

promyelocyte has azurophilic (primary) granules

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2
Q

at what stage does differentiation of the granules of the cells of myelocytic series take place?

A

myelocyte

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3
Q

how is the metamyelocyte differentiated from the myelocyte?

A

shape of the nucleus :
meta - kidney bean
myelo - round

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4
Q

how is the band differentiated from the metamyelocyte?

A

shape of nucleus :

band- horse shoe shaped (uniform thickness)

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5
Q

what cell contains granules that retain the acid portion of the Wright’s stain?

A

eosinophil

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6
Q

what substances are produced by eosinophils?

A

anti-histamine (basophils produce histamine)

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7
Q

what cell contains granules that are not uniform in shape, stain with the basic portion of Wright’s stain, and which may cover the nucleus?

A

basophils

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8
Q

what are mast cells?

A

tissue basophils

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9
Q

where do B cells originate?

A

bone marrow

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10
Q

where do T cells originate?

A

Thymus

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11
Q

how can the two ( B cells and T cells) be distinguished?

A

through surface markers

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12
Q

what type of lymphocyte (B or T cell) are most of the circulating lymphocytes and what is their appearance?

A

T-cell. Small, mature lymphs, clumping nucleus, not much cytoplasm

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13
Q

During blastic transformation, B cells become

A

plasma cells

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14
Q

what cell has as eccentric nucleus with clumped chromatin, basophilic cytoplasm, and a clear perinuclear halo (hof)?

A

plasma cell

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15
Q

where are plasma cells normally found

A

bone marrow

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16
Q

what cellular organelle is associated with the hof?

A

Golgi apparatus

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17
Q

monocytes circulate in the peripheral blood but are known as ____ or ____ in the tissues

A

macrophages

histiocytes

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18
Q

where do monos originate?

A

bone marrow

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19
Q

how would you describe a monocyte according to the following: appearance of chromatin, shape of the nucleus, color of cytoplasm, presence of pseudopodia or vacuoles?

A

Folded irregular nucleus
Slate gray cytoplasm
Has vacuoles

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20
Q

what is the function of the monocyte?

A

phagocytosis

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21
Q

name several characteristics that can be observed in neutrophils during inflammation, infection, or other toxic states and describe their appearance.

A

dohle bodies: RNA
toxic granules: blue/black granules in cytoplasm
toxic vacuoles: holes in cytoplasm

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22
Q

what are Russell bodies?

A

aggregates of immunoglobulin that stain red

Would not be found in neutrophils

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23
Q

alder-Reilly

A

abnormal azurophilic granulation

24
Q

May-Hegglin

A

weird platelets dohle-like inclusions, blue staining

25
Q

Pelger-Huet

A

dumbbell shaped hyposegmentation of neutrophils

26
Q

what is the normal WBC count

A

5-10 thousand

27
Q

if blood is drawn to the 0.5 mark and diluent to the 11 in a white blood cell pipette, what is the resulting dilution?

A

standard WBC count, 1:20 dilution

28
Q

Given the number of cells counted on both sides of the hemocytometer, how could you determine the WBC count on the performance of a standard WBC count?

A

average of both counts X 50 ( ex: 120100/2 is the same as 11050)

29
Q

what effect does hemolysis have on a WBC count?

A

none

30
Q

name several sources of error in the performance of a manual WBC count.

A

too much blood/diluent overfill/ underfill hemocytometer

31
Q

how does the normal WBC count vary during the day?

A

higher in evening ; lower in the morning

32
Q

What explanation is given for the variation of WBC count during the day?

A

margination

33
Q

what is the normal eosinophil count?

A

77-440

34
Q

what can cause an increased or decreased eosinophil count?

A

increased: hypoadrenalism, allergic disease, parasitic infection, skin disease
decreased: anemia, hyperadrenalism

35
Q

to compensate for the normally low number of eosinophils, what adjustment in the procredure is made when doing a manual eo count?

A 
increase # of fields 
increase volume (entire hemocytometer)
36
Q

name two other hemocytometers that can be used for eosinophil and basophil counts.

A

speirs-levy

fuchs-rosenthal

37
Q

name several factors that can results in an excessively pink Wright’s stained smear

A

too acidic- overwashed of understained

38
Q

name several factors that can results in an excessively blue smear?

A

too alkaline- underwashed, overstained

39
Q

what three things are always performed when doing a differential count?

A

RBC morphology
100 WBC count
platelet count/ estimation

40
Q

what is the most common type of WBC in a normal smear?

A

segmented neutrophil

41
Q

why are the normal things that are performed in a differential count performed?

A

Dx disease
monitor therapy
get overall pic of health

42
Q

what is the least common type of WBC in a diff count

A

basophils

43
Q

what is the most common WBC in a diff count in a child?

A

lymphocytes

44
Q

what is a “shift to the left” and in what conditions is it likely to occur?

A

increase in young neutrophil cells (bands) occurs in CML inflammation or pregnancy

45
Q

what is the largest WBC in a normal peripheral blood smear?

A

monocyte

46
Q

which cells are classified as NRBCs on a PBS

A

blast cells, prorubricytes, rubricytes, metarubricytes

47
Q

if large numbers of NRBCs are observed on a PBS, what effect will this have on the WBC count?

A

the are counted as WBC will increase the WBC count (falsely high)

48
Q

how can you correct for large numbers of NRBCs observed on a PBS

A

(WBC X 100) / (100+NRBC)

49
Q

where are platelets produced?

A

bone marrow

50
Q

what is the largest blood cell normally produced by the body?

A

megakarycoyte

51
Q

what is endomiotic division?

A

nucleus divides, cytoplasm enlarges nultinucleated cell

52
Q

what is the normal platelet count?

A

varies greatly 150,000-450,000/mm3

53
Q

what method employs the phase contrast microscope in counting platelets?

A

brecker cronkite

54
Q

how is a manual platelet count calculated using the Unopette method?

A

entire center

1:100 dilution

55
Q

what criteria are used to estimate platelets in a PBS?

A

performed w/ 100 X oil in feather, rough estimate = # platelets per oif 7-22 PLATELETS PER oIF correlates with normal platelet count

hematology (9 decks)

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