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exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

how is the promyelocyte differentiated from the myeloblast?

A

promyelocyte has azurophilic (primary) granules

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2
Q

at what stage does differentiation of the granules of the cells of myelocytic series take place?

A

myelocyte

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3
Q

how is the metamyelocyte differentiated from the myelocyte?

A

shape of the nucleus :
meta - kidney bean
myelo - round

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4
Q

how is the band differentiated from the metamyelocyte?

A

shape of nucleus :

band- horse shoe shaped (uniform thickness)

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5
Q

what cell contains granules that retain the acid portion of the Wright’s stain?

A

eosinophil

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6
Q

what substances are produced by eosinophils?

A

anti-histamine (basophils produce histamine)

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7
Q

what cell contains granules that are not uniform in shape, stain with the basic portion of Wright’s stain, and which may cover the nucleus?

A

basophils

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8
Q

what are mast cells?

A

tissue basophils

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9
Q

where do B cells originate?

A

bone marrow

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10
Q

where do T cells originate?

A

Thymus

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11
Q

how can the two ( B cells and T cells) be distinguished?

A

through surface markers

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12
Q

what type of lymphocyte (B or T cell) are most of the circulating lymphocytes and what is their appearance?

A

T-cell. Small, mature lymphs, clumping nucleus, not much cytoplasm

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13
Q

During blastic transformation, B cells become

A

plasma cells

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14
Q

what cell has as eccentric nucleus with clumped chromatin, basophilic cytoplasm, and a clear perinuclear halo (hof)?

A

plasma cell

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15
Q

where are plasma cells normally found

A

bone marrow

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16
Q

what cellular organelle is associated with the hof?

A

Golgi apparatus

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17
Q

monocytes circulate in the peripheral blood but are known as ____ or ____ in the tissues

A

macrophages

histiocytes

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18
Q

where do monos originate?

A

bone marrow

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19
Q

how would you describe a monocyte according to the following: appearance of chromatin, shape of the nucleus, color of cytoplasm, presence of pseudopodia or vacuoles?

A

Folded irregular nucleus
Slate gray cytoplasm
Has vacuoles

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20
Q

what is the function of the monocyte?

A

phagocytosis

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21
Q

name several characteristics that can be observed in neutrophils during inflammation, infection, or other toxic states and describe their appearance.

A

dohle bodies: RNA
toxic granules: blue/black granules in cytoplasm
toxic vacuoles: holes in cytoplasm

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22
Q

what are Russell bodies?

A

aggregates of immunoglobulin that stain red

Would not be found in neutrophils

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23
Q

alder-Reilly

A

abnormal azurophilic granulation

24
Q

May-Hegglin

A

weird platelets dohle-like inclusions, blue staining

25
Pelger-Huet
dumbbell shaped hyposegmentation of neutrophils
26
what is the normal WBC count
5-10 thousand
27
if blood is drawn to the 0.5 mark and diluent to the 11 in a white blood cell pipette, what is the resulting dilution?
standard WBC count, 1:20 dilution
28
Given the number of cells counted on both sides of the hemocytometer, how could you determine the WBC count on the performance of a standard WBC count?
average of both counts X 50 ( ex: 120100/2 is the same as 11050)
29
what effect does hemolysis have on a WBC count?
none
30
name several sources of error in the performance of a manual WBC count.
too much blood/diluent overfill/ underfill hemocytometer
31
how does the normal WBC count vary during the day?
higher in evening ; lower in the morning
32
What explanation is given for the variation of WBC count during the day?
margination
33
what is the normal eosinophil count?
77-440
34
what can cause an increased or decreased eosinophil count?
increased: hypoadrenalism, allergic disease, parasitic infection, skin disease decreased: anemia, hyperadrenalism
35
to compensate for the normally low number of eosinophils, what adjustment in the procredure is made when doing a manual eo count?
``` increase # of fields increase volume (entire hemocytometer) ```
36
name two other hemocytometers that can be used for eosinophil and basophil counts.
speirs-levy | fuchs-rosenthal
37
name several factors that can results in an excessively pink Wright's stained smear
too acidic- overwashed of understained
38
name several factors that can results in an excessively blue smear?
too alkaline- underwashed, overstained
39
what three things are always performed when doing a differential count?
RBC morphology 100 WBC count platelet count/ estimation
40
what is the most common type of WBC in a normal smear?
segmented neutrophil
41
why are the normal things that are performed in a differential count performed?
Dx disease monitor therapy get overall pic of health
42
what is the least common type of WBC in a diff count
basophils
43
what is the most common WBC in a diff count in a child?
lymphocytes
44
what is a "shift to the left" and in what conditions is it likely to occur?
increase in young neutrophil cells (bands) occurs in CML inflammation or pregnancy
45
what is the largest WBC in a normal peripheral blood smear?
monocyte
46
which cells are classified as NRBCs on a PBS
blast cells, prorubricytes, rubricytes, metarubricytes
47
if large numbers of NRBCs are observed on a PBS, what effect will this have on the WBC count?
the are counted as WBC will increase the WBC count (falsely high)
48
how can you correct for large numbers of NRBCs observed on a PBS
(WBC X 100) / (100+NRBC)
49
where are platelets produced?
bone marrow
50
what is the largest blood cell normally produced by the body?
megakarycoyte
51
what is endomiotic division?
nucleus divides, cytoplasm enlarges nultinucleated cell
52
what is the normal platelet count?
varies greatly 150,000-450,000/mm3
53
what method employs the phase contrast microscope in counting platelets?
brecker cronkite
54
how is a manual platelet count calculated using the Unopette method?
entire center | 1:100 dilution
55
what criteria are used to estimate platelets in a PBS?
performed w/ 100 X oil in feather, rough estimate = # platelets per oif 7-22 PLATELETS PER oIF correlates with normal platelet count

hematology (9 decks)

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