Exam 4

Question 1

multicellular organisms depend on cell division for

Answer 1

development from a fertilized cell
growth
repair

Question 2

meiosis

Answer 2

a special type of cell division that can produce sperm and egg cells

Question 3

where are DNA molecules in a cell packaged?

Answer 3

chromosomes

Question 4

chromatin

Answer 4

a complex of DNA and proteins that condenses during cell division

Question 5

what type of chromosomes have chromatin?

Answer 5

eukaryotic chromosomes

Question 6

somatic cells

Answer 6

non-reproductive cells that have two sets of chromosomes

Question 7

gametes

Answer 7

reproductive cells: sperm and eggs, that have half as many chromosomes as somatic cells

Question 8

sister chromatids

Answer 8

joined copies of the original chromosome

Question 9

centromere

Answer 9

narrow “waist” of the duplicated chromosome, where the chromatids are most closely attached

Question 10

during cell division, what happens to the sister chromatids?

Answer 10

they are separated and move into two nuclei; once separate the chromatids are called chromosomes

Question 11

what are the two sister chromatids called once separated?

Answer 11

chromosomes

Question 12

eukaryotic cell division consists of…

Answer 12

mitosis

cytokinesis

Question 13

mitosis

Answer 13

the division of the genetic material in the nucleus

Question 14

cytokinesis

Answer 14

the division of the cytoplasm

Question 15

how are gametes produced?

Answer 15

by a variation of cell division called meiosis

Question 16

the cell cycle consists of

Answer 16

mitotic (M) phase

interphase

Question 17

mitotic (M) phase consists of…

Answer 17

mitosis and cytokinesis

Question 18

what happens during interphase?

Answer 18

cell growth and copying of chromosomes in preparation for cell division

Question 19

what are the subphases of interphase?

Answer 19

G1 phase ("first gap") 
S phase ("synthesis") 
G2 phase ("second gap")

Question 20

what occurs during S phase (during interphase)

Answer 20

chromosomes are duplicated

Question 21

what are the 5 phases of mitosis?

Answer 21

Prophase 
Prometaphase 
Metaphase
Anaphase 
Telophase

Question 22

mitotic spindle

Answer 22

a structure made of microtubules that controls chromosome movement during mitosis

Question 23

centrosome

Answer 23

the microtubule organizing center

Question 24

in animal cells, where does the assembly of spindle microtubules begin?

Answer 24

the centrosome

Question 25

aster

Answer 25

a radial array of short microtubules

Question 26

the spindle includes

Answer 26

the centrosomes the spindle microtubules the asters

Question 27

kinetochores

Answer 27

protein complexes associated with centromeres

Question 28

what happens during prometaphase?

Answer 28

some spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of chromosomes and begin to move the chromosomes

Question 29

what happens at metaphase?

Answer 29

the chromosomes are all lined up at metaphase plate

Question 30

metaphase plate

Answer 30

an imaginary structure at the midway point between the spindle's two poles

Question 31

what happens in anaphase?

Answer 31

sister chromatids separate and move along the kinetochore microtubules toward opposite ends of the cell

Question 32

what happens in telophase?

Answer 32

genetically identical daughter nuclei form at opposite ends of the cell

Question 33

how does cytokinesis occur in animal cells?

Answer 33

cleavage, forming a cleavage furrow

Question 34

how does cytokinesis occur in a plant cell?

Answer 34

a cell plate forms

Question 35

how do prokaryotes reproduce?

Answer 35

a type of cell division called binary fission