Exam 4 Flashcards
In an ANCOVA, the covariate is a ____ variable
continuous
Which test is the least powerful
Mann-Whitney
To determine the effect of two independent variables on a dependent variable, what is the advantage of doing a single two way ANOVA as opposed to two separate one-way ANOVA’s
a two-way ANOVA asses possible interaction between the independent variables
In an ANOVA, this is the normal variation expected in individuals that is not a result of being part of a “group” It results from such things as individual genetic makeup and environmental history
error variance
The goal of this test is to detect differences between >2 independent means. Data are not normally distributed nor are the variances among groups equal.
KW
Calculate ratio of between-groups variance/within-groups variance. Test statistic
F-ratio
analysis of variance, a statistical method in which the variation in a set of observations is divided into distinct components.
ANOVA
Determine probability; compare F-ratio with ______ (shape determined by 2 separate dfs)
F-distribution
variation due to being part of a certain group (treatment)
between-group variance
all variation not due to being in that group
error variance, within-group variance
counteract the problem of maintaining an alpha level of 0.05 for multiple comparisons; many different post hoc tests
Post hoc pairwise tests
factorial design; 2 independent variables (=factors)
two-way ANOVA
Test whether sample means are from the same population
2. Powerful and robust
One-way ANOVA
the interaction or cooperation of two or more organizations, substances, or other agents to produce a combined effect greater than the sum of their separate effects
synergism
inhibition of or interference with the action of one substance or organism by another.
antagonism
Test whether three or more sample
means are from the same population
Kruskal_Wallis Test
Detect differences among means of two or more groups when the dependent variable is
affected by a third (continuous) variable
ANCOVA
– techniques for data measured on an angular scale.
Angular scales are circular in nature, have no designated zero, and the designation of high
and low values is arbitrary. For example, 0 and 360 point to the same direction.
Circular statistics (Raleigh Test)
variable reduction technique that describe variability
among multiple observed variables in terms of a lower number of non-measured derived
variables
Principal component analysis
– a generalized form of ANOVA in which
there are two or more independent and/or two or more dependent variables. MANOVA
assesses main effects and possible interactions among the dependent variables and among the
independent variables
MANOVA
each
individual is measured ≥ two
repeated measures of ANOVA
regression
with a binary dependent variable (e.g.,
presence/absence)
Logistic regression
regression with
>1 independent variable (Fig. 2)
Multiple regression
