Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharm Drug Flashcards > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

0
Q

Clemastine

A

First gen H1 blocker

Like all, Can act on peripheral and central H1 receptors, slightly lipid soluble, nonionized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Diphenhydramine

A

Benadryl
First gen H1 blocker
Sedative
Can be used for motion sickness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Chlorpheniramine

A

First gen H1 Blocker

Not as sedative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hydroxyzine

A

First gen H1 blocker
Sedative
Anti itch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Promethazine

A

First gen H1 blocker
Strong sedative
Strong antiemetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Tripelennamine

A

First gen H1 Blocker

Sedative with local anesthetic effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Diminhydronate

A

First gen H1 Blocker
Motion sickness
Do not operate heavy machinery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Loratadine
Fexofenadine
Desloratadine
Cetirizine

A

Second gen H1 Blockers
Fewer CNS SEs
Ionized in blood
Non drowsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cimetidine
Ranitidine
Famotidine
Nizatidine

A

H2 Blockers
Used to decrease gastric secretions
Don’t cross BBB
Antiandrogenic effects (gynecomastia, decrease sperm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Sumatriptan

Other -triptans

A

Serotonin receptor agonists
Treat migraines
Cause vasoconstriction
Not used with MAOIs (causes Serotonin Syndrome hyperthermia & mm twitch)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ergotamine

Dihydroergotamine

A 
Partial serotonin agonists
Affect adrenergic, dopaminerrgic neurons
SE: ergotism
     St. Anthony's Fire
     Hallucinations
     Uterine contractions (preg cat X)
     Severe vasospasms --> gangrene
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Epinephrine (asthma)

A

Bronchodilator, beta-2 agonist
Activates all alpha and beta adrenergic receptors
Inhalation or injection
Increase HR, vasoconstriction, increase BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Isoproterenol

A

First specific beta-2 agonist
Bronchodilator
Has been supplanted by more specific beta-2 agonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q 
Albuterol
Pirbuterol
Bitolterol
Levabuterol
Terbutaline
A

Relatively selective beta-2 agonists (B/rols)
T1/2 - 6 hours
Inhaled
Can cause downregulation of beta-2 receptors with prolonged use
SE: tremors, tachycardia, palpitations (beta-1 SEs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Formoterol
Arformoterol
Salmeterol
Indicaterol

A

Longer-acting beta-2 agonists
Not for rapid relief
SE: tremors, tachycardia, palpitations (beta-1 SEs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ipratropium bromide

Tiotropium

A

Muscarinic receptor blockers (atropine derivatives)
Used mainly for COPD
SE: opposite DUMMBELS
Mad hatter, blind bat, dry bone, hot pistol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Theophylline

A

PDE inhibitor, methylxanthine
For chronic asthma
Inhibits cAMP PDE, elevates cellular cAMP
SE: cardiac stimulation - arrhythmia
CNS stimulation - tremors, insomnia, seizures
GI upset

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cromolyn sodium

Nedocromil

A

Anti-inflammatory agents for asthma
Mast cell inhibitors
Inhibit release of mediators from immune cells
Inhibit Cl channels, decrease Ca uptake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q 
Beclomethasone
Budesonide
Fluticasone
Mometasone
Ciclesonide
A

DOC for asthma prophylaxis
Inhaled
Bind to intracellular receptors to alter DNA transcription
Increase lipocortin (inhibits phospholipase A2 synthesis)
SE: thrush (oral), dysphonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Prednisone

Dexamethasone

A

DOC for asthma prophylaxis
NOT Inhaled
Bind to intracellular receptors to alter DNA transcription
Increase lipocortin (inhibits phospholipase A2 synthesis)
SE: thrush (oral), dysphonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Omalizumab

A

Anti IgE MAB for asthma
Humanized immune system MAB
Injection only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Zileuton

A

Leukotriene synthesis enzyme inhibitor
Inhibits 5-lipoxygenase
SE: increased liver enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Zafirlukast

Montelukast

A

Leukotriene receptor blocker

Asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Aspirin (ASA)

A 
Inhibits COX 1&2
Prevents prostaglandin synthesis
Weak acid, absorbed better in stomach than intestine
Forms salicyclic acid once metabolized, binds to plasma proteins
Antipyretic
Analgesic
Anti-inflammatory
Anticlotting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Acetaminophen
``` Non-narcotic analgesic NOT AN NSAID No anti platelet effects Less GI problems than aspirin OD: 10-15g (20-30 tablets) Leading cause of acute liver failure SE: decreased GSH in liver ```
25
``` Ibuprofen Naproxyn Fenoprofen Ketoprofen Fluribiprofen Oxaprozin Suprofen ```
Propionic acid derivatives (pro) | NSAIDs
26
Indomethacin Tolmetin Sulindac
Acetic acid derivatives NSAID Indomethacin- very potent COX inhibitor Used for latent ductus arteriosus (held open by excess PG) SE: thrombocytopenia, aplastic anemia, cornel opacity ex
27
``` Pyroxicam Diclofenac Bromfenac Nepafenac Etodolac Nabumetone ```
NSAIDs
28
Celecoxib
``` Cox-2 inhibitor SE: increase risk of MI and stroke due to vasoconstriction Inhibits PGI2 (vasod) more than TxA2 (vasoc) ```
29
Cortisone | Hydrocortisone
``` Glucocorticoids Immunosuppressive potency: 1 Minerallocorticoid activity: 1 T1/2: 8-12 hours CORTISONE = PRODRUG ```
30
Prednisone Triamcinolone Prednisolone
``` Glucocorticoids Immunosuppressive potency: 4 Minerallocorticoid activity: 0.25 T1/2: 18-36 hours PREDNISONE = PRODRUG ```
31
Dexamethasone | Betamethasone
Glucocorticoids Immunosuppressive potency: 25 Minerallocorticoid activity: <0.01 T1/2: 36-54 hours
32
Atgam antithymocyte globulin ATG
IS treats acute renal transplant rejection Polyclonal antibodies
33
Abatacept
Inhibits receptors for CD80, CD86 | Affects T cell activation
34
Belatacept
Renal transplant IS Binds to CD80 & CD86 increase in malignancies
35
Natalizumab
``` Humanized immune cell MAB Treats Crohn's, MS Binds to alpha-integrins on CD4+ cell Linked with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) -fatal viral disease of CNS ```
36
Tocilizumab
Humanized immune cell MAB Treats RA Binds to IL-6 receptors
37
Ustekinumab
Fully human interleukin MAB Treats psoriasis Binds to IL-12 & IL-23
38
Etanercept
Binds to TNF Treats RA given subQ
39
Infliximab
``` Chimeric immune system MAB Treats RA, Crohn's Binds to TNF Can cause immune response, given IV SE: itching, hypotension, feverW SEs made worse by preexisting infxn with fungus or TB ```
40
Adalimumab
Fully human immune system MAB Treats RA Binds to TNF
41
Certolizumab
Humanized immune system MAB | Treats RA, Crohn's
42
Golimumab
Fully human immune system MAB | Treats RA, UC, psoriatic arthritis
43
Anakinra
Blocks IL-1 receptor Treats RA subQ, used with other IS like methotrexate Should not be used with TNF inhibitors
44
Rilonacept
Binds to IL-1 molecule | Like anakinra
45
Cyclosporine
Enzyme inhibitor For transplantation, psoriasis, dry eye Binds to intracellular ptn cyclophyllin, this complex inhibits enzyme calcineurin phosphatase Prevents activation of NFAT, which thus blocks gene that codes for IL-2/3, TNF-alpha T cell not activated, P450 metabolism SE: nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, hypertrichosis, gingival hyperplasia
46
Tacrolimus
Transplantation Binds to FKBP, complex then inhibits phosphatase Causes inhibition of cytokines synthesis More efficacious than cyclosporin P450 SE: nephrotoxic, neurotoxic, alopecia, diabetes
47
Glucocorticoids as immunosuppressants
Inhibit all immune processes Significant SEs with long term use Often used with other ISs
48
Sirolimus | Everolimus
Transplantation and psoriasis Bind to FKBP, inhibits kinase required for binding IL-2 induced factors to DNA Decreased cytokines production P450 SE: some renal and lung tox, but not as much renal as tacrolimus
49
Basiliximab
Mostly human chimeric MAB blocks IL-2 receptor Used with CSA SE: hypersensitivity, bronchospasms, pulmonary edema
50
Tofacitinib
Janus Kinase inhibitor Inhibits signal pathways of cytokines & interleukins Prevents activation of Signal Transducers & Activators of Transcription JAK-STAT SE: increased risk of infxn, malignancy
51
Azathioprine
Inhibits T cell replication (relatively nonspecific) Prodrug, converts to 6-mearcaptopurine Inhibits synthesis of purines & GMP synthesizing enzymes SE: decreased bone marrow, megaloblastic anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia
52
Mycophenolate mofetil
Transplants, lupus More specific replacement for azothioprine Inhibits enzyme (inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase) Inhibits guanosine synthesis
53
Methotrexate (RA)
``` DOC for early treatment of RA Analog of folic acid Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase Inhibits mammalian cell division and all rapidly transcripting cells SE: GI, FETAL DAMAGE, blood ```
54
Leflunomide | Teriflunomide
Former is prodrug, converts to latter Inhibits pyramidine synthesis Inhibits enzyme dihydroorolate dehydrogenase Affects lymphocytes more than other cells SE: diarrhea, abdominal pain Teratogen, but not when used with bile acid binding resins
55
Hydroxychloroquine
Interferes with macrophage processing of antigens Taken up by macrophage, concentrated in lysosomes SE: rare GI dysfxn, dermatitis Irreversible retinal damage (long term high dose)
56
Cyclophosphamide
``` Non-specific neoplasia agent Nitrogen mustard Prodrug, orally or IV Alkylating agent, x-links DNA to inhibit cell repro and RNA synth Inhibits nonreplicating tumor cells ```
57
Lomustine
Non-specific neoplasia agent Prodrug, IV Alkylating agent, x-links DNA to inhibit cell repro and RNA synth Inhibits nonreplicating tumor cells
58
Cisplatin
Non-specific neoplasia agent Contains platinum Alkylating agent, x-links DNA to inhibit cell repro and RNA synth Inhibits nonreplicating tumor cells SE: renal damage, ototoxic (due to platinum)
59
Doxorubicin Danunorubicin Other rubicins
Nonspecific antineoplastic Antibiotic, acts on human cells Given IV, intercalates with DNA to block DNA/RNA synth Produces free radicals to break DNA strands SE: irreversible heart mm degeneration
60
Dacinomycin
Nonspecific antineoplastic antibiotic Intercalates with DNA Interefers with mRNA synthesis
61
Bleomycin
Nonspecific antineoplastic antibiotic Intercalates with DNA Causes DNA strand breakage SE: pulmonary fibrosis
62
Methotrexate (antineoplasm)
Cell cycle specific antineoplastic antimetabolite Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase as a folic acid analog Myelosuppression, but not with leucovorin Can rescue normal cells, but not malignant cells
63
5-fluorouracil (5-FU)
Cell cycle specific antineoplastic antimetabolite Prodrug Pyrimidine analog Inhibits enzyme thymidylate synthetase
64
Cytarabine
Cell cycle specific antineoplastic antimetabolite Prodrug Pyrimidine analog Inhibits DNA polymerase
65
6-mercaptopurine
Cell cycle specific antineoplastic antimetabolite Prodrug Purine analog Inhibits enzyme for purine synthesis
66
Vincristine | Vinblastine
Inhibits microtubules | Given IV, binds to microtubules
67
Paclitaxel | Other taxels
Inhibits microtubules | Forms abnormal microtubules
68
Etoposide
Inhibits DNA topoisomerase II Prevents coiling and uncoiling of DNA Breaks DNA
69
Topotecan
Inhibits topoisomerase I | Prevents DNA coiling and uncoiling
70
Flutamide | Other lutamides
Blocks androgen receptor Androgen activity blocker For prostatic tumors
71
Abiraterone
Inhibits 17 hydroxylase lyase (CYP17) | Inhibits androgen synthesis
72
Leuprolide
Activates GnRH receptor | Initially increased testosterone, but receptor down regulates with time and causes very low testosterone
73
Tamoxifen | Flovestrant
Blocks estrogen receptor/activity | SE: retinal changes, increase in cataracts
74
Anastrozole
Inhibits aromatase | Blocks estrogen production/activity
75
Prednisone (antineoplastic)
Glucocorticoid Inhibits immune system functions Treats neoplasia of immune system (leukemia, lymphoma)
76
Imitnib | Other nibs
Kinase inhibitor Treats chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) Inhibits kinase that inhibits normal cell apoptosis SE: edema
77
Bortezomib | Carfiozomib
Proteasome inhibitor Prevents excess degraded protein buildup Used for multiple myeloma
78
Trastuzumab
Humanized tumor MAB | vs. Human Epidermal Growth Factor receptor
79
Bevacizumab
Humanized circulatory system MAB | Blocks receptor for Vascular Epithelial Growth Factor
80
Rituximab
Chimeric tumor MAB CLL, RA Inhibits CD20

Pharm Drug Flashcards (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions