Exam 1 Flashcards
1
Q
aspirin
A
NSAID
Inhibits enzyme cyclo-oxygenase
2
Q
methotrexate
A
Antineoplastic (antitumor)
Inhibits enzyme dihydrofolate reductase
3
Q
tranylcypromine
A
Antidepressant
Inhibits monoamine oxidase (MAOI)
4
Q
nitroglycerin
A
Treats angina
Activates guanylate cyclase
5
Q
heparin
A
Anticoagulant
activates antithrombin-3
6
Q
imitinib
infliximab
A
Treats leukemia
binds & inactivates protein kinase
7
Q
cocaine
A
Cocaine
inhibits NT reuptake by neuron
8
Q
fluoxetine
A
Antidepressants
inhibits reuptake of serotonin (SSRI)
9
Q
omeprazole
A
Antacid
inhibits H+ transport by parietal cells of stomach
10
Q
procaine
A
Local anesthetic
inhibits Na channels
11
Q
cimetidine
A
Antacid
blocks H+ receptors in stomach
12
Q
morphine
A
Analgesic
activates opiate receptors
13
Q
insulin
A
Diabetes
Activates insulin receptors
14
Q
steroids
A
Anti-inflammatory
Glucocorticoids, cortisol
15
Q
muscarine
pilocarpine
bethanechol
A
Direct acting muscarinic (cholinergic) agonist
16
Q
nicotine
A
Direct acting nicotinic (cholinergic) agonist
17
Q
varenicline
A
Direct acting partial nicotinic (cholinergic) agonist
Chantix (smoking cessation drug)
18
Q
acetylcholine
carbachol
A
Direct acting nicotinic & muscarinic agonist
19
Q
physostigmine
neostigmine
demecarium
edrophonium
A
AChE inhibitor (indirect agonist) treats glaucoma, MG, Sjogren's
20
Q
echothiophate
A
phosphorylates AChE for 100s of hours
21
Q
donepezil
tacrine
A
treat Alzheimer’s
22
Q
pralidoxime
A
reverses permanent damage by AChE inhibitors
23
Q
malathion
*sarin
A
Insecticide
Nerve gas
Irreversible AChE inhibitors
Symptoms = DUMBBELS
24
Q
atropine
A
antimuscarinic agent
Lasts 7-10 days
25
scopolamine
antimuscarinic agent, anti-motion sickness
| Lasts 3-7 days
26
homatropine
cyclopentolate
tropicamide
*ipratropium
antimuscarinic agents, treat asthma (ipratropium)
short term
homocyclo tropic iprat
27
succinylcholine
Neuromuscular-blocking antinicotinic agent
| de/hyperpolarizes mm, paralysis during surgery
28
pancuronium
atracurium
*rocuronium
Antinicotinic skeletal mm ACh receptor blocker (non-depolarizing)
curare derivatives
29
sugammadex
reverses blockade by rocuronium (binds directly to it)
30
botulinum toxin type A
Inhibits ACh release
Cosmetic uses
Treats muscle spasms (CP, tics, strabismus, nystagmus)
31
epinephrine
stimulates sympathetic n.s.
| acts on alpha 1,2 and beta 1,2 adrenergic receptors
32
phenylephrine
tetrahydrozoline
naphazoline
activates alpha-1 receptors
contracts vascular smooth m, increases HR
decreases intranasal congestion
33
clonidine
| alpha-methyl norepinephrine
activates alpha-2 receptors
acts on presynaptic n. terminals in CNS
decreases symp outflow fron CNS (treats hypertension)
34
norepinephrine
| dobutamine
activates beta-1 receptors
| increases HR & contracting force
35
metaproterenol
terbutaline
fenoterol
albuterol
activates beta-2 receptors
bronchodilation, vascular stimulation
nol/rol
36
amphetamines, methamphetamine
tyramine
phenylpropanolamine
pseudoephedrine
Indirect acting amines
| Induce release of norepinephrine from nerve terminals
37
```
metoprolol
acebutolol
alprenolol
atenolol
betaxolol
esmolol
nebivolol
```
specific beta-1 blockers - "the -olols"
| decrease HR, fewer CNS effects than nonspec. beta blockers
38
```
*propranolol*
timolol
levobunolol
carteolol
metipranolol
```
non-specific beta-1&2 blockers
blocks beta-1&2 on heart, prevents increase in HR
Decreased renin secretion
SE: depression, bradycardia, fatigue, impotence,
low HDL, high triglycerides
Exacerbates asthma (beta-2 = bronchodilation)
39
chlorothiazide
| *hydrochlorothiazide
Thiazide diuretics (antihypertensive)
-inhibit Na+ transport out of DCT
-causes vasodilation
SE: hypokalemia, +LDL, gout, decrease excretion of Ca++
40
*furosemide
bumetanide
ethacrynic acid
torsemide
Loop diuretics (antihypertensive, renal impaired, severe edema)
-inhibit Na/Cl resorption in ascending limb of LoH
-more efficacious/potent than thiazides
SE: dehydration, hypokalemia, increase excretion of Ca++, gout
FBEAT
41
spironolactone
| eplerenone
Aldosterone agonists/K+ sparing diuretics
-indirectly prevents synth. of Na/K exchangers
-takes several days to work
Eplerenone = fewer intxns with other steroids
--no anti-androgen effects
SE: hyperkalemia
42
*triamterene
| amiloride
Inhibit Na+ transport in DCT and CD
-blocks Na+ channels
more rapid & predictable than aldosterone agonists
SE: hyperkalemia
43
acetazolamide
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
- inhibits HCO3- resportion in PCT
- not used as diuretic (short lived)
- for glaucoma, mountain sickness (decrease CSF vol.), epilepsy
44
mannitol
Osmotic diuretic (water sponge)
- non-metabolized sugar
- draws H2O into tubule, excreted w/ H2O
- maintians urine flow after renal damage
45
methylxanthines
increase renal filtration rate
46
ethanol
decreases release of ADH
47
alpha-methyl DOPA
alpha-2 agonist
prodrug that metabolizes into alpha-methyl NE (a2 stimulant)
SE: depression, drowsiness, dry mouth, hepatic dysfunction
48
clonidine
alpha-2 agonist
SE: depression, drowsiness, dry mouth
Off-label: fibromyalgia, insomnia, Tourette's, opiate withdrawal
49
alpha-methyl tyrosine
inhibits tyrosine hydroxylase
- prevents NE & E synthesis
- treats chromocytoma
50
reserpine
causes depletion of postgang. neuron NE
| SE: depression, drowsiness, diarrhea
50
prazosin
terazosin
doxazosin
alpha-One Site INhibitors (-OSINs)
Blocks alpha one receptor on vasc. smooth m.
SE: first dose effect (rapid drop in BP after 1st dose)
-postural hypotension
50
tamsulosin
alfuzosin
silodosin
Alpha-1 blockers
| Only for treati benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
50
labetalol
| carvedilol
Block alpha-1, beta-1&2
SE: postural hypotension
dry mouth
50
```
losartan
irbesartan
valsartan
candesartan
telmisartan
eprosartan
olmesartan
```
the "-ARTANs" (Angiotensin RecepTor ANtagonist)
block angiotensin II receptor
Decrease secretion of aldosterone
***SE: causes fetal abnormalities like all agents that alter angiotensin system*** (category X drug)
50
bosentan
ambrisentan
macitentan
The "-ENTANs" (ENdoThelin ANtagonist)
Used only for pulmonary arterial hypertension (fatal)
SE: fetal damage, hepatic toxicity, testicular atrophy
E>SE since PAH is extremely fatal
51
minoxidil
Opens K channels in arterial smooth m.
Hyperpolarizes mm so it won't contract
*SE: hypertrichosis (minoxidil ointment = Rogaine)
edema & pericardial effusion (leads to cardiac tamponade)
MINnie HYD diamonds in the nitro
Kgkg
52
hydralizine
Arterial vasodilator
Increases cGMP and relaxes smooth m.
SE: in slow acetylators, causes lupus-like syndrome (phase II acetylation)
Minnie HYD diamonds in the nitro
kGkg
53
diazoxide
Opens K channels
SE: decreased insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells
Minnie hyd DIAmonds in the nitro
kgKg
54
nitroprusside
rapidly dilates aa & vv
decreases BP in seconds
Given IV, comes in powder form, degrades in solution into cyanide
Minnie hyd diamonds in the NITRO
kgkG
55
nifedipine
nicardipine
amlodipine
felodipine
inhibit Ca influx into vasc. smooth m.
prevents vasodilation
SE: heartburn, may worsen heart failure
56
```
captopril
lisinopril
fosinopril
benzaepril
quinapril
ramipril
enalapril
```
ACE inhibitors (the "-prils")
Prevents conversion of AI to AII
Prevents breakdown of bradykinin (=vasodilation)
Decreased aldosterone secretion
SE: rash, dry irremediable cough, angioneurotic edema, taste alteration, FETAL DAMAGE
57
aliskiren
Renin inhibitor
| SE: fetal damage, cough, angioedema, diarrhea
58
fenoldopam
Activates dopamine receptors
| Given IV for hypertensive emergencies
