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Pharm Drug Flashcards > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

aspirin

A

NSAID

Inhibits enzyme cyclo-oxygenase

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2
Q

methotrexate

A

Antineoplastic (antitumor)

Inhibits enzyme dihydrofolate reductase

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3
Q

tranylcypromine

A

Antidepressant

Inhibits monoamine oxidase (MAOI)

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4
Q

nitroglycerin

A

Treats angina

Activates guanylate cyclase

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5
Q

heparin

A

Anticoagulant

activates antithrombin-3

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6
Q

imitinib

infliximab

A

Treats leukemia

binds & inactivates protein kinase

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7
Q

cocaine

A

Cocaine

inhibits NT reuptake by neuron

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8
Q

fluoxetine

A

Antidepressants

inhibits reuptake of serotonin (SSRI)

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9
Q

omeprazole

A

Antacid

inhibits H+ transport by parietal cells of stomach

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10
Q

procaine

A

Local anesthetic

inhibits Na channels

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11
Q

cimetidine

A

Antacid

blocks H+ receptors in stomach

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12
Q

morphine

A

Analgesic

activates opiate receptors

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13
Q

insulin

A

Diabetes

Activates insulin receptors

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14
Q

steroids

A

Anti-inflammatory

Glucocorticoids, cortisol

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15
Q

muscarine
pilocarpine
bethanechol

A

Direct acting muscarinic (cholinergic) agonist

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16
Q

nicotine

A

Direct acting nicotinic (cholinergic) agonist

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17
Q

varenicline

A

Direct acting partial nicotinic (cholinergic) agonist

Chantix (smoking cessation drug)

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18
Q

acetylcholine

carbachol

A

Direct acting nicotinic & muscarinic agonist

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19
Q

physostigmine
neostigmine
demecarium
edrophonium

A 
AChE inhibitor (indirect agonist)
treats glaucoma, MG, Sjogren's
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20
Q

echothiophate

A

phosphorylates AChE for 100s of hours

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21
Q

donepezil

tacrine

A

treat Alzheimer’s

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22
Q

pralidoxime

A

reverses permanent damage by AChE inhibitors

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23
Q

malathion

*sarin

A

Insecticide
Nerve gas
Irreversible AChE inhibitors
Symptoms = DUMBBELS

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24
Q

atropine

A

antimuscarinic agent

Lasts 7-10 days

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25
Q

scopolamine

A

antimuscarinic agent, anti-motion sickness

Lasts 3-7 days

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26
Q

homatropine
cyclopentolate
tropicamide
*ipratropium

A

antimuscarinic agents, treat asthma (ipratropium)
short term
homocyclo tropic iprat

27
Q

succinylcholine

A

Neuromuscular-blocking antinicotinic agent

de/hyperpolarizes mm, paralysis during surgery

28
Q

pancuronium
atracurium
*rocuronium

A

Antinicotinic skeletal mm ACh receptor blocker (non-depolarizing)
curare derivatives

29
Q

sugammadex

A

reverses blockade by rocuronium (binds directly to it)

30
Q

botulinum toxin type A

A

Inhibits ACh release
Cosmetic uses
Treats muscle spasms (CP, tics, strabismus, nystagmus)

31
Q

epinephrine

A

stimulates sympathetic n.s.

acts on alpha 1,2 and beta 1,2 adrenergic receptors

32
Q

phenylephrine
tetrahydrozoline
naphazoline

A

activates alpha-1 receptors
contracts vascular smooth m, increases HR
decreases intranasal congestion

33
Q

clonidine

alpha-methyl norepinephrine

A

activates alpha-2 receptors
acts on presynaptic n. terminals in CNS
decreases symp outflow fron CNS (treats hypertension)

34
Q

norepinephrine

dobutamine

A

activates beta-1 receptors

increases HR & contracting force

35
Q

metaproterenol
terbutaline
fenoterol
albuterol

A

activates beta-2 receptors
bronchodilation, vascular stimulation
nol/rol

36
Q

amphetamines, methamphetamine
tyramine
phenylpropanolamine
pseudoephedrine

A

Indirect acting amines

Induce release of norepinephrine from nerve terminals

37
Q 
metoprolol
acebutolol
alprenolol
atenolol
betaxolol
esmolol
nebivolol
A

specific beta-1 blockers - “the -olols”

decrease HR, fewer CNS effects than nonspec. beta blockers

38
Q 
*propranolol*
timolol
levobunolol
carteolol
metipranolol
A

non-specific beta-1&2 blockers
blocks beta-1&2 on heart, prevents increase in HR
Decreased renin secretion
SE: depression, bradycardia, fatigue, impotence,
low HDL, high triglycerides
Exacerbates asthma (beta-2 = bronchodilation)

39
Q

chlorothiazide

*hydrochlorothiazide

A

Thiazide diuretics (antihypertensive)
-inhibit Na+ transport out of DCT
-causes vasodilation
SE: hypokalemia, +LDL, gout, decrease excretion of Ca++

40
Q

*furosemide
bumetanide
ethacrynic acid
torsemide

A

Loop diuretics (antihypertensive, renal impaired, severe edema)
-inhibit Na/Cl resorption in ascending limb of LoH
-more efficacious/potent than thiazides
SE: dehydration, hypokalemia, increase excretion of Ca++, gout
FBEAT

41
Q

spironolactone

eplerenone

A

Aldosterone agonists/K+ sparing diuretics
-indirectly prevents synth. of Na/K exchangers
-takes several days to work
Eplerenone = fewer intxns with other steroids
–no anti-androgen effects
SE: hyperkalemia

42
Q

*triamterene

amiloride

A

Inhibit Na+ transport in DCT and CD
-blocks Na+ channels
more rapid & predictable than aldosterone agonists
SE: hyperkalemia

43
Q

acetazolamide

A

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

  • inhibits HCO3- resportion in PCT
  • not used as diuretic (short lived)
  • for glaucoma, mountain sickness (decrease CSF vol.), epilepsy
44
Q

mannitol

A

Osmotic diuretic (water sponge)

  • non-metabolized sugar
  • draws H2O into tubule, excreted w/ H2O
  • maintians urine flow after renal damage
45
Q

methylxanthines

A

increase renal filtration rate

46
Q

ethanol

A

decreases release of ADH

47
Q

alpha-methyl DOPA

A

alpha-2 agonist
prodrug that metabolizes into alpha-methyl NE (a2 stimulant)
SE: depression, drowsiness, dry mouth, hepatic dysfunction

48
Q

clonidine

A

alpha-2 agonist
SE: depression, drowsiness, dry mouth
Off-label: fibromyalgia, insomnia, Tourette’s, opiate withdrawal

49
Q

alpha-methyl tyrosine

A

inhibits tyrosine hydroxylase

  • prevents NE & E synthesis
  • treats chromocytoma
50
Q

reserpine

A

causes depletion of postgang. neuron NE

SE: depression, drowsiness, diarrhea

50
Q

prazosin
terazosin
doxazosin

A

alpha-One Site INhibitors (-OSINs)
Blocks alpha one receptor on vasc. smooth m.
SE: first dose effect (rapid drop in BP after 1st dose)
-postural hypotension

50
Q

tamsulosin
alfuzosin
silodosin

A

Alpha-1 blockers

Only for treati benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

50
Q

labetalol

carvedilol

A

Block alpha-1, beta-1&2
SE: postural hypotension
dry mouth

50
Q 
losartan
irbesartan
valsartan
candesartan
telmisartan
eprosartan
olmesartan
A

the “-ARTANs” (Angiotensin RecepTor ANtagonist)
block angiotensin II receptor
Decrease secretion of aldosterone
SE: causes fetal abnormalities like all agents that alter angiotensin system (category X drug)

50
Q

bosentan
ambrisentan
macitentan

A

The “-ENTANs” (ENdoThelin ANtagonist)
Used only for pulmonary arterial hypertension (fatal)
SE: fetal damage, hepatic toxicity, testicular atrophy
E>SE since PAH is extremely fatal

51
Q

minoxidil

A

Opens K channels in arterial smooth m.
Hyperpolarizes mm so it won’t contract
*SE: hypertrichosis (minoxidil ointment = Rogaine)
edema & pericardial effusion (leads to cardiac tamponade)

MINnie HYD diamonds in the nitro
Kgkg

52
Q

hydralizine

A

Arterial vasodilator
Increases cGMP and relaxes smooth m.
SE: in slow acetylators, causes lupus-like syndrome (phase II acetylation)

Minnie HYD diamonds in the nitro
kGkg

53
Q

diazoxide

A

Opens K channels
SE: decreased insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells

Minnie hyd DIAmonds in the nitro
kgKg

54
Q

nitroprusside

A

rapidly dilates aa & vv
decreases BP in seconds
Given IV, comes in powder form, degrades in solution into cyanide

Minnie hyd diamonds in the NITRO
kgkG

55
Q

nifedipine
nicardipine
amlodipine
felodipine

A

inhibit Ca influx into vasc. smooth m.
prevents vasodilation
SE: heartburn, may worsen heart failure

56
Q 
captopril
lisinopril
fosinopril
benzaepril
quinapril
ramipril
enalapril
A

ACE inhibitors (the “-prils”)
Prevents conversion of AI to AII
Prevents breakdown of bradykinin (=vasodilation)
Decreased aldosterone secretion
SE: rash, dry irremediable cough, angioneurotic edema, taste alteration, FETAL DAMAGE

57
Q

aliskiren

A

Renin inhibitor

SE: fetal damage, cough, angioedema, diarrhea

58
Q

fenoldopam

A

Activates dopamine receptors

Given IV for hypertensive emergencies

Pharm Drug Flashcards (4 decks)

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