Exam 4

Question 1

Metabolite

Answer 1

a molecule which is either a substrate or a product of a metabolic pathway

Question 2

Reducing power

Answer 2

a term which refers to several molecules which are very capable of supplying electrons to other molecules, primarily though the electron transport system.

The best examples are NADH and QH2

Question 3

Substrate level phosphorylation

Answer 3

a step in a pathway which directly produces an ATP or equivalent high energy bond

Question 4

Metabolism

Answer 4

entire network of biochemical reactions which occur in living cells

Question 5

Pathway

Answer 5

a series of enzyme reactions with starting and ending metabolites defined somewhat arbitrarily

Question 6

Catabolism

Answer 6

a metabolic pathway which produces energy [ATP]

Question 7

Anabolism

Answer 7

a metabolic pathway which consumes energy [ATP]

Question 8

Amphibolic

Answer 8

a metabolic pathway which has the characteristics of both anabolism and catabolism

Question 9

Shunt

Answer 9

a series of metabolic or enzymatic steps which provide an alternative route within a pathway

Question 10

Shuttle

Answer 10

a series of metabolic or enzymatic steps which transfer molecules or energy across membranes

Question 11

Proton Motive Force

Answer 11

the energy which is a consequence of a difference in concentration of protons on either side of a membrane.

It is composed of two components: a difference in chemical concentration and a difference in charge. It is believed to be the driving force for the production of ATP in prokaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 12

high energy bond

Answer 12

this phrase refers to the phospho-anhydride bond found in ATP and ADP which has more energy of hydrolysis than what one might expected based on the bond energies