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BCH 451 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Aspartate

A

Asp, D

AA with a carboxylic acid as a side chain functional group (pKa = 3.9)

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2
Q

Asparagine

A

Asn, N

AA with an amide as a side chain functional group

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3
Q

Assay

A

an analytical procedure in which the amount or concentration of an unknown is determined by comparing its response or reaction to that obtained with a known amount or concentration of the same or similar material

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4
Q

beta sheet

A

a type of secondary structure found in proteins which are characterized by two linear strands of polypeptide backbone lying side by side and connected by hydrogen bonds which have phi angle -119 and psi angle 113 for parallel and phi angle -139 and psi angle 135 for anti parallel

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5
Q

buffer

A

a solution of weak acid or base which is present in acid-base pair which resists changes in pH when another acid or base is added

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6
Q

carbohydrate

A

polyhydroyxl ketone or polyhydroxyl aldehyde and their derivatives

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7
Q

catabolic

A

metabolic pathway which produces energy

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8
Q

chaotropic agent

A

“chaos creating” agents - molecules which denature biomolecules.

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9
Q

isomer

A

two different chemical compounds that have the same chemical composition but are physically distinct and separable

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10
Q

chemical isomer

A

two different molecules which have the same chemical composition

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11
Q

chiral center

A

a single atom or group of atoms when the attached groups are interchanged, the two molecules are not superimposable

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12
Q

chromotography

A

a technique of separation and analysis which is based on the relative affinity of solutes for a moving and stationary phases.

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13
Q

Cysteine

A

Cys, C

AA that has a thiol or sufhydral as a side chain functional group

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14
Q

Cystine

A

AA with a disulfide bond side chain functional group

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15
Q

Dalton

A

unit of molecular weight where one mole of hydrogen atoms is 1 dalton

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16
Q

denaturation

A

the process by which a biomolecule loses its biological function

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17
Q

diastereomers

A

stereoisomers which contain more than one chiral center but are not mirror images of each other

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18
Q

conformation

A

arrangement of atoms in space

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19
Q

configuration

A

arrangement of atoms around a chiral center

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20
Q

enthalpy

A

the measure of the amount of heat within a system under constant pressure

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21
Q

entropy

A

the measure of disorder in a system

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22
Q

epimer

A

two stereoisomers which differ by only one chiral center

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23
Q

Gibbs Free Energy

A

the amount of energy available to do [chemical] work

delta G = Delta H - T(delta S)

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24
Q

Glutamate

A

Glu, E
AA with a carboxylic acid side chain functional group
pKa = 4.1

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25
Q

Glutamine

A

Gln, Q

AA with an amide side chain functional group

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26
Q

Lysine

A

Lys, K

AA with a primary amine side chain functional group

27
Q

Histidine

A

His, H
AA with an imidazole side chain functional group
pKa = 6

28
Q

Isoelectric focusing

A

a type of electrophoresis in which the gel contains a pH gradient so that the molecules move to the pH location which matches their isoelectric point

29
Q

Isoleucine

A

Ile, I

AA with a branched aliphatic side chain functional group

30
Q

Lipid

A

biomolecules which are insoluble or slightly soluble in water and usually extractable by organic [nonpolar] solvents

31
Q

glycine

A

gly, G

AA with a hydrogen as side chain functional group

32
Q

Methionine

A

met, m

AA with thio ether side chain functional group

33
Q

Motif

A

a unique combination or folding of secondary structures

34
Q

net charge

A

the algebraic sum of all the charges on a single molecule

35
Q

nucleic acid

A

biopolymers consisting of nitrogenous bases which are linked to ribose or deoxyribose linked by phosphodiester bonds

36
Q

PAGE

A

polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis- tool for separation and analysis of proteins

37
Q

pH

A

a negative of the logarithm of the hydronium ion

38
Q

phenylalanine

A

phe, F

AA with phenyl side chain functional group

39
Q

pKa

A

a negative of the logarithm of the acid dissociation constant

40
Q

primary structure

A

the linear sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide or protein

41
Q

proline

A

pro, p

AA with pyrrolidine side chain functional group

42
Q

protein

A

polymer of alpha amino acids linkedby a peptide [amide] bond

43
Q

quaternary structure

A

association of multiple tertiary structures to form a complex

44
Q

residue

A

the monomeric component of a polymer minus the atoms which were moved to make the chemical linkage

45
Q

secondary structure

A

the regular or periodic folding of the primary structures

46
Q

Serine

A

Ser, S

AA with primary aliphatic alcohol side chain functional group

47
Q

Side chain

A

the atoms of an amino acid which are attached to the alpha carbon of an amino acid and which are not the carboxyl group, amino group, or hydrogen

48
Q

stereoisomers

A

two different configurations of a molecule

49
Q

tertiary structure

A

the irregular or non-repeating folding of the primary and secondary structures

50
Q

Zwitterion

A

a molecule that contains both positive and negative charges but is electrically neutral

51
Q

Threonine

A

Thr, T

AA with secondary aliphatic alcohol side chain functional group

52
Q

Tryptophan

A

Trp, W

AA with indole side chain functional group

53
Q

Tyrosine

A

Tyr, Y
AA with phenol side chain functional group
pKa = 10.5

54
Q

Valine

A

Val, V

AA with branched aliphatic side chain functional group

55
Q

Alpha Helix

A

a type of secondary structure which is commonly found in proteins which are characterized by 3.6 residue per turn which is characterized by phi angle -57 and psi angle -47 for right hand helix and psi angle 57 and phi angle 47 for left hand helix

56
Q

Alanine

A

Ala, A

AA with methyle or aliphatic side chain functional group

57
Q

Amino acid

A

a biomolecule contains amino group, carboxylic group, proton, and another functional group attached to the same carbon = alpha amino carboxylic acid

58
Q

Amphibolic

A

a metabolic pathway which has the characteristics of both anabolism (consumes energy to synthesis biomolecules) and catabolism

59
Q

Anomer

A

a chiral center not initially present in a molecule and which is created by intramolecular bonding

60
Q

Arginine

A

Arg, R

AA with guanidinium side chain functional group

61
Q

Affinity

A

The attraction of one molecule to another.

62
Q

Specificity

A

A measure of uniqueness of a particular process.

63
Q

Electrophoresis

A

A technique of separation on the movement if charged molecules in the presence of an electric field.

64
Q

Macromolecule

A

Large molecules (>10,000 Dalton’s) usually composed of polymers of similar or identical parts (monomers or residues)

BCH 451 (11 decks)

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