Exam 4 Flashcards
movement of cultural things
Diffusion
area where mostly something similar is happening there (ie: eat the same food, same religion, ancestry)
Cultural Region
human legacy/implant on the land
Cultural Landscape
how society adapts to an environment
Cultural Ecology
how the physical environment determines a society
Environmental Determinism
environment doesn’t suggest or determine what a society will attempt
Possiblism
traditional, old ways
Folk Culture
new, innovation, changes very fast
Popular Culture
the essence of culture, “culture is the epoxy of society”
Language
the study of place names; ethnicity, geographic setting, historical figures
Toponymy
Where is Morris Thomas Rd. located?
Duluth, Minnesota
How many Native Americans tribes are federally recognized?
577 tribes
Federal Recognition
- Petitioning
- Provide legitimizing evidence
- Comprise a distinct community
- Membership criteria
Surenames
can tell you a lot about their culture
Tribal trust land (reservations) Sovereign Nation
US holds the legal title and the tribe holds the beneficial interest
What are the top 3 biggest recognized tribes?
- Cherokee
- Navajos
- Chahta
Major crimes
US jurisdiction
Minor crimes
Tribal jurisdiction
Walking Purchase (1737) Treaty
in eastern Pennsylvania; “You run, not fair, you was to walk”
Indian Removal Act (1830)
moving Indians from Florida to Oklahoma
Dawes Allotment Act (1887)
the ultimate purpose was to break up tribal governments; abolish the reservations and assimilate the Indians
Greenville Treaty (1795)
demise of Native American ownership of land in Michigan
Treaty of Detroit (1807)
land grew all the way to the Meridian line
When did the Native Americans lost all the land in Michigan by a treaty?
1795-1842
How many federally recognized tribes in Michigan?
12 tribes (mostly Western and Upper Peninsula)
What are examples of cultural landscapes?
Churches, masks, and barns.
What is assimilation in terms of ethnic groups?
Integration and acceptance by the native born group
What affects toponymy?
Ethnicity, geographic setting, historical figures
D.H. Fisher wrote what book in 1989?
Albion’s Seed
What is the significance of Albion’s Seed?
Separated English into 4 groups of people
Describe an early Protestant settler.
- English language
- implemented the English Legal System
- brought the County identification and Sheriff with them
A lot of roads were built using these trails.
Native American Trails
Navajo Homeland (Diné)
- Number 4 is sacred to them
- located in the four corners bordering the states (Utah, Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico)
What is the largest Native American land reservation in the USA?
Navajo Homeland (Diné)
What is the name of a tribe that is located inside the Navajo Reservation?
Hopi Tribe
- mainly in Massachusetts area
- middle class people who were dissatisfied living in England
- 16 Presidents
- excluded other groups
- upright and wing, Cape cod houses
Puritans
- Eastern Pennsylvania & NJ
- middle class
- welcomed other groups (Germans)
- no slavery
- just a few presidents (Hoover)
- Friends Church
Quakers
- mainly in Coastal Virginia
- upper to middle class
- brought indentured servants
- roasted and fried food
- created plantations in Tidewater
- gender inequality
- started slavery from Africa
Cavaliers (Royalists)
- West Virginia and Kentucky
- Scotch-Irish
- placed in the mountains between the Native Americans and the English to buffer the two
- last group to arrive
- looked down upon (Hillbillies)
Back Country Folk (Border Folk)
- recruited by the English mostly protestant Germans
- agriculture, engineering, beer
Germans
- Lancaster County, PA
- Ohio > Pennsylvania > Indiana
- Michigan has around 2,000 population
Amish (1683)
- Utah and the surrounding areas have the strongest percentages
- Urban grid pattern
- Lombardy poplars
- irrigation ditches due to its dry climate
- bishop storehouses
Lader Day Saints (Mormons)
- came from KY, VA, MD
- free and escape slaves
Cass County, MI (1840-present)
Rural Blacks in Michigan
- land purchases (1861 - 1873)
- the Berry’s that married slaveowner’s daughter
Mecosta-Remus (1861- present)
Rural Blacks in Michigan
-rural playground
1965 the lake dried out due to the civil rights registration
Lake County (Idlewild City)
“Eat to live, not live to eat” is a phrase by which early English group?
Quakers
Toponymic names: Lancaster, Liverpool, Chester
Quaker toponymic names
Where is the Mason-Dixon line?
southern border of Pennsylvania to Maryland
In 1787 the federal ratio for slaves was…
3/5
In 1790, what % of blacks were slaves?
92%
What year was slavery abolished in the North?
1804
What year did importation of slaves become illegal?
1808
Southern Social classes from wealthiest to poorest:
- Planters
- Yeoman
- Poor Whites
- Free Blacks
- Slaves
What was a white northerner’s opinion on blacks?
Liked the race, but disliked them as an individual
What was a white southerner’s opinion on blacks?
Like individual blacks, but hate them as a race
What was the price of a slave in 1860?
$800
Approximately how many slaves were in the US in 1860?
400,000 slaves
What state had the highest % of slaves as population?
South Carolina (57%)
What % of families owned slave in Mississippi?
47%
From what time period was the “Great Migration” of slaves?
1920 - 1940
In 2010, what state had the highest black population?
Mississippi (37%)
What are some cultural identifications of the rural south?
- talk by county instead of cities
- county sheriff is important political figure
What is so special about Robeson County, NC?
1/3 Native American, 1/3 White, and 1/3 Black
Where has there historically been rural black communities in MI?
- Cass County
- Mecosta-Remus
- Lake County
The cultural and socioeconomic practices that relates to production and consumption of food is known as?
Foodways
The person who gets the first level resource, get the ____ amount of money.
least
What country is the world’s #1 corn producer?
USA
According to the USDA, how much corn must a farmer sell to be considered a commercial farmer?
$1000/year
About what % of income do american spend on food?
10%
The number of days between last spring frost, and the first frost in the fall is known as….
the growing season
What factors are apart of capital investment for agriculture?
- agriculture equipment
- land costs per acre
- labor costs
- transportation costs
- market location (population)
What is the cost of an acre of land in the MI?
$4,800/acre
MI farm land/sq ft is approximately how much?
11cents/sq. ft
What counties have the most expensive farm land in MI?
- Oakland
- Wayne
- Macomb
- Livingston
What % of corn is animal feed?
80%
Uses of corn?
food, ethanol, feed
In terms of economics, what will farmers do?
grow the crop that will make them the most money
What is the 2nd most diverse agricultural state?
MI, after CA
- black and white cows
- most prolific milk producer in the world
- 1 cow produces 25,000 lbs of milk/year
Holstein Frisian Cows
Fresh Milks can be turned into…
cheese, cream (butterfat), ice cream, and milk
Pasteurization of Milk
killing of bacteria in the milk
Homogenization of Milk
separation of the butterfat from the milk by pressure
Corn and Soy Beans have increased drastically per acre due to…?
Hybrids
Top cash money crops in MI?
- Dairy Products
- Greenhouse/Nursery
- Corn
- Soy Beans
-wildly grown throughout Michigan on sandier and organic soils
Potatoes
Fruit Belt
- from Traverse City to Benton Harbor
- due to lake effect
- Blue Berries, Cherries, Apples
What are the major seed corn producers?
Pioneers and Dekalb (Southern part of MI)
On Sep 30, 2009 what legislation was implemented to aid in the safety of food health?
Point of Origin Labeling
Meats, fruits, nuts, vegetables, and fish all need to have a label with original location
Point of Origin Labeling
Where is the Agriculture Seedbed?
SE Pennsylvania
Where is spring wheat found?
Montana and North Dakota
Wheat planted in spring and harvested in the fall
Spring Wheat
Wheat planted in the fall, harvested in the summer
Winter Wheat
Central Pivot irrigation is typically found on land that gets ___ rainfall.
<500 mm of rainfall
Where is the most prolific food growing region in the world?
Central Valley of California
Top 3 agricultural products in California
- Milk
- Almonds
- Grapes
What are the top 3 agriculture production states in the US? ($ values)
- California
- Iowa
- Texas
Ranching occurs on land with ___ rainfall/year
<500mm
Most ranching occurs on what type of land?
Federally Owned
How does a rancher make money?
Selling grown calfs for money
About how much does a calf weigh when it is sold?
about 500 lbs
For a cattle to gain 1 lb. of beed how much grain must be consumed?
15 lbs. of grain
In 1950, how many people could one farmer feed?
30 people
In 2010, how many people could one farmer feed?
140 people
South America is the ___ largest producer of corn.
3rd
Argentina is the __ largest producer of wheat in the world.
13th
Where is the major crop production in South America?
south east Brazil and Argentina
What country is the 2nd in the world to eat red meat?
Argentina
Mediterranean Agriculture (Middle Chile
Grapes/wine, blueberries
Swidden Agriculture
- slash and burn
- deforestation
- Shifting Cultivation
- subsistence farming
- Manioc -> tapioca
Brazil is known for what crop production (#1 producer)
Coffee Beans and Orange Juice
Brazil is the largest ___ producers in the world.
Meat
What country is the 2nd largest producer of flowers?
Colombia
What country is the largest producer of sugarcane?
Brasil
What percent of USA is urbanized?
80%
What is the largest capital city in the US?
Phoenix
Cities with over a million in population:
NY, Philadelphia, Chicago, LA, San Diego, Phoenix, Dallas, Houston, San Antonio
- 85% of the people in the US live in this place
- city of at least 50,000 population
Metropolitan Statistical Area
Michigan divides its communities into 4 distinct definitions:
- City
- Charter Township
- Village
- General Law Township
What % of the MI population lives in General Law Townships?
25%
General Law Townships have what type of population size?
less than 2,000 people
How many general Law Townships are in MI?
1,105, mostly rural
How many Villages are in MI?
256
What % of MI population live in Villages?
3%
What % of MI population live in Cities?
46% or (51%?)
How many cities are in MI?
277
How many cities in MI have population greater than 100,000?
8 cities
When was the peak population of Detroit?
1950, due to the car industry
8 Largest City in MI:
Grand Rapids, East Lansing, Flint, Ann Arbor, Detroit, Sterling Heights, Warren
Cities of about the same population size are located _______ apart on the map.
Equidistant
What city produces more cars than any in MI?
Lansing area
What is one of the main income of Detroit?
water and sewage
It is where the tallest buildings are for the most part.
Central Business District (CBD)
How many square miles is the city of Detroit?
136 square miles
How many auto assembly plants are in MI?
12
What % is EL renter occupied?
70%
- homes are owned by their owners
- good because they take care of their house
Owner Occupied
What country have the highest % of owner occupied?
Livonia and Warren
Greatest % of over 65 years old population.
Livonia and Warren
The is the richest city in the state of MI?
Bloomfield Hills
The right of the state to take private property for public use
Eminent Domain
What % of MI population live in Charter townships?
26%
How many charter townships are in MI?
137
How many charter townships are in Oakland County?
15
What % of MI population drinks Detroit water?
50%
How many cities in the US have more than 1 million people?
9
NYC is divided into 5 boroughs, ranked from largest to smallest population:
- Brooklyn
- Queens
- Manhattan
- Bronx
- Staten Island
How many people live in NYC?
8.3 million
Zoning in CIties
Regulate land use
Internal structures of Cities
- irregular pattern
- grids
- some circles for boundaries down in southeast US
What is the only borough that is on the mainland of the USA?
Bronx
How many of the 500 Fortune Companies are in NYC?
45
Land value in Manhattan is?
$1,500 per square feet
How many sq. miles is LA?
500 sq. miles
How many casino are on the strip of Las Vegas?
122
Brothels are allowed in countries with less than ___ people.
400,000
What is the biggest city in South America?
Sao Paulo, Brasil (11 million)
What defines a primate city?
A city that is 2.5 times larger than the next largest city in the country.
What are favelas (barrios)?
poor outside parts of South America cites found on hillsides
the process of various aspects of culture, spread from their places of origin
Cultural Diffusion
the belief that human cultures or behaviors can be explained entirely as the result of the effects of the physical environment
Environmental Determinism
the study of the ways society adapt to environments
Cultural Ecology
a culture that preserves traditions
Folk Culture
shared characteristics among a group of people
Culture Groups
implies a common ancestry of descent group that bears distinguishing cultural features
Ethnic Group
urban and suburban neighborhoods with a high concentration of a particular ethnic group
Ethnic Enclaves
a relatively continuous presence of one or a set of cultural traits
Culture Region
language, shops, building materials, architecture, and settlement patterns
Visual Clues to culture areas
rural societies can be differentiated by the way that some cluster housing settlements in individual farmsteads
Settlement Patterns
starting in the 1940s efforts to develop new grain varieties (rice and wheat) in hopes to increase food production
Green Revolution
agriculture to feed oneself and family
Subsistence Agriculture
growing food and raising agriculture products for sale
Commercial agriculture
the difference between the value of a raw material and the value of a product manufactured from that raw material
Value added by manufacturing
when scientists gene splice two organisms to produce a recombined DNA
Genetically Modified
the surrounding region to which any city provides services, and upon which it draws for its needs
Hinterland
the process of defining a city territory and establishing a government
Incorporation
the process of urban populations growing faster than rural populations
Urbanization
the geographic study of cities
Urban Geography
idea that each city, town, village, or hamlet serves its hinterland as the central place to do business
Central Place Theory
a city grows in a series of rings around the central business district
Concentric Zone Model
assumes that high-rent residential areas expand outward from the city center along new transportation routes such as streetcar and suburban commuter rail lines
Sector Model
development of several nodes of growth within an expanding city area
Multiple Nuclei Model
shows radial and circumferential highways continue to draw activities out of the central city and disperse them around the region
Peripheral Sector Model
people living together because discrimination forces them to do so
Segregation
restricting or prescribing the use to which parcels of land may be put
Zoning
