Exam 4

Question 1

Alendronate

Answer 1

Biphosphate- binds to surfaces of bones to inhibit osteoclast activity

Question 2

Raloxifene

Answer 2

Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs)- mimics estrogen by increasing bone density and inhibiting bone resorption

Question 3

Calcinonin-Salmon

Answer 3

Calcium regulator/parathyroid agent- inhibits bone removal by osteoclasts, slowing bone loss and increasing spinal bone density

Question 4

Methotrexate

Answer 4

DMARD, antineoplastic, anti-rheumatic, antimetabolite- immunosuppressive, cell cycle specific (S-Phase)

Question 5

Hydroxychloroquine

Answer 5

DMARD, antimalarial, antirheumatic- Affects inflammatory response in RA

Question 6

Allopurinol

Answer 6

Antigout, antihyperuricemic- Inhibits xanthine oxidase enzyme and prevents uric acid production

Question 7

Colchicine

Answer 7

Antigout- reduces inflammatory response to uric acid crystal deposits in joint tissue

Question 8

Probenecid

Answer 8

Uricosuric agent- inhibits reabsorption of uric acid by the kidneys, increasing secretion in the urine

Question 9

Cyclophosphamide

Answer 9

Alkylating agent- disrupts DNA synthesis by alkylating DNA, cell cycle nonspecific agent

Question 10

Doxorubicin

Answer 10

antitumor antibiotic- cell cycle nonspecific agent

Question 11

Vincristine

Answer 11

Mitotic inhibitor, vinca alkaloid- cell cycle specific agent

Question 12

Ondansetron

Answer 12

Serotonin antagonist- blocks serotonin receptors in the vagal nerve and in the CTZ

Question 13

Promethazine

Answer 13

Dopamine antagonist- blocks dopamine receptors in the CTZ

Question 14

Biologics

Answer 14

Use body’s own immune system to kill cancer cells

Question 15

DEXA scan

Answer 15

Used to test bone mineral density- used for osteoporosis. Normal >-1

Question 16

Osteopenia

Answer 16

T score between -1 and -2.5. Thinning of trabecular matrix

Question 17

Osteoporosis (and severe osteoporosis)

Answer 17

T score less than -2.5, severe includes history of fragility fracture.
Breaks in trabecular bones

Question 18

Trabecular bones

Answer 18

Hips, vertebrae, wrists

Question 19

Most common location of hip fracture with osteoporosis

Answer 19

Proximal third of the femur

Question 20

Primary prevention (pharm) of osteoporosis

Answer 20

Vitamin D and calcium in high doses

Question 21

Adverse effects of Bisphosphates

Answer 21

GI distress, esophageal ulceration. Take with water and not food

Question 22

Teaching points of SERMs

Answer 22

Do not smoke or drink alcohol,
Do not use if pregnant,
Discontinue before planned procedures (72 hours) for clotting risk,
stroke risk

Question 23

Calcitonin-Salmon route taken

Answer 23

Intranasal

Question 24

Fat embolism syndrome

Answer 24

Fat molecules in the lung following long bone fracture. From bone marrow or traumatized tissue

Question 25

Hallmark of osteoarthritis

Answer 25

Osteophytes

Question 26

Bouchard’s nodes

Answer 26

Proximal interphalangeal joint

Question 27

Herbeden’s nodes

Answer 27

Distal interphalangeal joint

Question 28

What hypersensitivity is RA

Answer 28

Type III

Question 29

Pathogenesis of RA

Answer 29

Immune cells attack synovial tissue. Produce RF against body’s IgG and form immune complexes