Exam 4

Question 1

Where can the right to privacy be found in the Constitution?

Answer 1

Not explicitly referenced in the Constitution

Question 2

The extent to which all groups of citizens, regardless of race, gender, or nationality, are proportionally represented in measures of success in life represents which of the following?

Answer 2

Equality of outcome

Question 3

The basis of freedom of religion is found in which two principles in the Bill of Rights?

Answer 3

The establishment clause and the free exercise clause

Question 4

According to the Supreme Court, a woman’s right to seek an abortion is based on which of the following?

Answer 4

Right of privacy

Question 5

While the Brown ruling was historic, the ruling itself did little to desegregate schools due to its ambiguous command that schools should desegregate how?

Answer 5

With all deliberate speed

Question 6

In what year did women get the right to vote nationally?

Answer 6

1920

Question 7

In the case of Gideon v. Wainwright, the state must provide which of the following to criminal defendants?

Answer 7

Legal counsel

Question 8

Which amendment forbade the states from denying any person “equal protection under the law”?

Answer 8

Fourteenth

Question 9

Opponents of gun rights base their belief in limits on the right to own a gun in which of the following clauses?

Answer 9

Well-regulated militia

Question 10

In a court case in which someone is making a general claim of discrimination, it is expected that the court will use the lowest level scrutiny, known as which of the following?

Answer 10

Rational basis

Question 11

A university uses an admissions policy that gives special consideration to traditionally disadvantaged groups to overcome the present effects of past discrimination. The university is applying which of the following?

Answer 11

Affirmative action

Question 12

What act passed by Congress in 1963 prohibits employers from paying different wages for the same job on account of sex?

Answer 12

Equal Pay Act

Question 13

Federal law that did which of the following was struck down by the 2013 Supreme Court decision in United States v. Windsor?

Answer 13

Denied federal benefits to same-sex couples

Question 14

If legislators want to create a law that will pass strict scrutiny, they must be certain that the law does which of the following?

Answer 14

Be justified by a compelling government interest

Question 15

Businesses refusing to serve or hire people on the basis of their race, sex, sexual orientation, or national orientation is an example of which of the following?

Answer 15

Private discrimination

Question 16

When did the modern movement for LGBTQ rights begin?

Answer 16

In 1969, following a riot that broke out when police raided the Stonewall Inn

Question 17

When the federal government addresses issues such as immigration, healthcare, and social welfare, it is concerned with which of the following types of policy?

Answer 17

General welfare

Question 18

Given current demographic trends, which group will become increasingly important in the nation’s political system?

Answer 18

Hispanics, or Latinos

Question 19

What are the first ten amendments to the Constitution collectively known as?

Answer 19

Bill of Rights

Question 20

What limitation does the exclusionary rule put in place?

Answer 20

Evidence obtained from an illegal search and seizure cannot be used in trial

Question 21

What was the ruling of the U.S. Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954)?

Answer 21

Public school segregation of races violates the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

Question 22

f you feel that you are not receiving equal protection under the law, you might go to a civil rights organization for assistance. That organization will most likely turn to which element of the government for help in establishing legal equality?

Answer 22

The judiciary

Question 23

The Lemon test includes determining whether a law does which of the following?

Answer 23

Government involvement advances a particular religion

Question 24

With reference to the documentary on civil liberties, what did Thomas Jefferson call the purpose of the establishment clause?

Answer 24

A wall of separation

Question 25

What is fiscal policy?

Answer 25

How Congress structures the federal budget

Question 26

What is the largest expenditure of the federal government and what is the largest expenditure of the Mississippi government?

Answer 26

Social security; Education

Question 27

What First Amendment test requires the state to prove there is a high likelihood that the speech in question would lead to a danger that Congress has the right to prevent?

Answer 27

Clear and present danger test

Question 28

What did the Bill of Rights do as originally presented in the Constitution?

Answer 28

Limited only the power of the national government, not that of the states

Question 29

Which of the following terms is used for certain types of nonverbal activities, such as flag burning or students wearing black armbands to school, that the Supreme Court has ruled were protected under the First Amendment?

Answer 29

Symbolic speech or expression

Question 30

In 1863, during the Civil War, what did President Abraham Lincoln do to make slavery illegal?

Answer 30

Issued the Emancipation Proclamation

Question 31

What is the requirement that persons under arrest be informed of their legal rights, including the right to counsel, known as?

Answer 31

Miranda rule

Question 32

What is meant by the term “fiat currency”?

Answer 32

A currency’s value is determined because the government says it has value

Question 33

What does the Fourth Amendment prohibit?

Answer 33

Unreasonable searches and seizures

Question 34

Which of the following amendments protects the rights of the criminally accused?

Answer 34

Fifth

Question 35

Identify two major sources of revenue for the federal government.

Answer 35

Income tax and payroll tax

Question 36

Which of the following best exemplifies the free exercise clause of the U.S. Constitution?

Answer 36

Separation of church and state

Question 37

The Federal Reserve plays a large part in establishing which policy?

Answer 37

Monetary

Question 38

The total cumulative amount the federal government owes to its creditors is known as?

Answer 38

The national debt

Question 39

Which agency has the primary responsibility for diplomacy?

Answer 39

Department of State

Question 40

What is “Dillon’s Rule”?

Answer 40

Another way to describe dual federalism on the national and state level

Question 41

The United States pursues its economic policy goals through which of the following?

Answer 41

World Bank, foreign aid, and International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Question 42

The phrase that best describes the shift in America’s world position from the pre- to the post-World War II era is what?

Answer 42

Isolationism to internationalism

Question 43

What is the national deficit?

Answer 43

When Congress spends more in one fiscal year than it generates in tax revenue

Question 44

What is Medicaid?

Answer 44

Healthcare insurance provided by the federal and state government for people below a certain income

Question 45

What is a progressive income tax?A system of taxation where rates rise with income

Answer 45

A system of taxation where rates rise with income

Question 46

What is the governing body of a county in Mississippi?

Answer 46

Board of Supervisors

Question 47

What are bonds?

Answer 47

A financial tool by which governments borrow money

Question 48

What are the two major sources of revenue for the government of Mississippi?

Answer 48

Sales tax and income tax

Question 49

What is a tariff?

Answer 49

Taxes levied on goods imported from another country

Question 50

What is an “ad valorem” tax?

Answer 50

A tax levied on the value of property in Mississippi