Exam 4 Flashcards
Where can the right to privacy be found in the Constitution?
Not explicitly referenced in the Constitution
The extent to which all groups of citizens, regardless of race, gender, or nationality, are proportionally represented in measures of success in life represents which of the following?
Equality of outcome
The basis of freedom of religion is found in which two principles in the Bill of Rights?
The establishment clause and the free exercise clause
According to the Supreme Court, a woman’s right to seek an abortion is based on which of the following?
Right of privacy
While the Brown ruling was historic, the ruling itself did little to desegregate schools due to its ambiguous command that schools should desegregate how?
With all deliberate speed
In what year did women get the right to vote nationally?
1920
In the case of Gideon v. Wainwright, the state must provide which of the following to criminal defendants?
Legal counsel
Which amendment forbade the states from denying any person “equal protection under the law”?
Fourteenth
Opponents of gun rights base their belief in limits on the right to own a gun in which of the following clauses?
Well-regulated militia
In a court case in which someone is making a general claim of discrimination, it is expected that the court will use the lowest level scrutiny, known as which of the following?
Rational basis
A university uses an admissions policy that gives special consideration to traditionally disadvantaged groups to overcome the present effects of past discrimination. The university is applying which of the following?
Affirmative action
What act passed by Congress in 1963 prohibits employers from paying different wages for the same job on account of sex?
Equal Pay Act
Federal law that did which of the following was struck down by the 2013 Supreme Court decision in United States v. Windsor?
Denied federal benefits to same-sex couples
If legislators want to create a law that will pass strict scrutiny, they must be certain that the law does which of the following?
Be justified by a compelling government interest
Businesses refusing to serve or hire people on the basis of their race, sex, sexual orientation, or national orientation is an example of which of the following?
Private discrimination
When did the modern movement for LGBTQ rights begin?
In 1969, following a riot that broke out when police raided the Stonewall Inn
When the federal government addresses issues such as immigration, healthcare, and social welfare, it is concerned with which of the following types of policy?
General welfare
Given current demographic trends, which group will become increasingly important in the nation’s political system?
Hispanics, or Latinos
What are the first ten amendments to the Constitution collectively known as?
Bill of Rights
What limitation does the exclusionary rule put in place?
Evidence obtained from an illegal search and seizure cannot be used in trial
What was the ruling of the U.S. Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954)?
Public school segregation of races violates the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment
f you feel that you are not receiving equal protection under the law, you might go to a civil rights organization for assistance. That organization will most likely turn to which element of the government for help in establishing legal equality?
The judiciary
The Lemon test includes determining whether a law does which of the following?
Government involvement advances a particular religion
With reference to the documentary on civil liberties, what did Thomas Jefferson call the purpose of the establishment clause?
A wall of separation
What is fiscal policy?
How Congress structures the federal budget
What is the largest expenditure of the federal government and what is the largest expenditure of the Mississippi government?
Social security; Education
What First Amendment test requires the state to prove there is a high likelihood that the speech in question would lead to a danger that Congress has the right to prevent?
Clear and present danger test
What did the Bill of Rights do as originally presented in the Constitution?
Limited only the power of the national government, not that of the states
Which of the following terms is used for certain types of nonverbal activities, such as flag burning or students wearing black armbands to school, that the Supreme Court has ruled were protected under the First Amendment?
Symbolic speech or expression
In 1863, during the Civil War, what did President Abraham Lincoln do to make slavery illegal?
Issued the Emancipation Proclamation
What is the requirement that persons under arrest be informed of their legal rights, including the right to counsel, known as?
Miranda rule
What is meant by the term “fiat currency”?
A currency’s value is determined because the government says it has value
What does the Fourth Amendment prohibit?
Unreasonable searches and seizures
Which of the following amendments protects the rights of the criminally accused?
Fifth
Identify two major sources of revenue for the federal government.
Income tax and payroll tax
Which of the following best exemplifies the free exercise clause of the U.S. Constitution?
Separation of church and state
The Federal Reserve plays a large part in establishing which policy?
Monetary
The total cumulative amount the federal government owes to its creditors is known as?
The national debt
Which agency has the primary responsibility for diplomacy?
Department of State
What is “Dillon’s Rule”?
Another way to describe dual federalism on the national and state level
The United States pursues its economic policy goals through which of the following?
World Bank, foreign aid, and International Monetary Fund (IMF)
The phrase that best describes the shift in America’s world position from the pre- to the post-World War II era is what?
Isolationism to internationalism
What is the national deficit?
When Congress spends more in one fiscal year than it generates in tax revenue
What is Medicaid?
Healthcare insurance provided by the federal and state government for people below a certain income
What is a progressive income tax?
A system of taxation where rates rise with income
What is the governing body of a county in Mississippi?
Board of Supervisors
What are bonds?
A financial tool by which governments borrow money
What are the two major sources of revenue for the government of Mississippi?
Sales tax and income tax
What is a tariff?
Taxes levied on goods imported from another country
What is an “ad valorem” tax?
A tax levied on the value of property in Mississippi
