Exam 4 Flashcards
Normal Intracranial Pressure 🧠
5 - 15 mmHg
Increased ICP in the 🧠 can cause
⬆️pressure on the 🩸vessels 🪢
causing ⬇️oxygen flow to the 🧠
🚨 Medical 🏥 Emergency 🚨
Early symptoms of ICP 🧠
Low levels of oxygen:
Restlessness 🤼♂️
Irritability
Agitation
Altered LOC
Headaches 🤯
Sudden 🤮 w/out nausea
Late symptoms of ⬆️ ICP
Nuchal rigidity
Fixed & dilated pupils 👀
Babinski reflex
Abnormal posturing
(Decerebrate- out)
(Decorticate- toward the core 🤌🏽)
Cushing’s Triad
-Systolic Hypertension (widened pulse pressure)
-Irregular breathing 🫁
-Bradycardia ⬇️🫀
🚨Sit up as high as you can 🚨
Nursing considerations for ICP 🧠
Avoid ⬆️ ICP further
Head of the Bed 30 degrees or ➕
💩softeners to prevent straining
🚫endotracheal suction for >10 sec
Educate 📚to avoid:
Coughing
Sneezing
Blowing their nose 🤧
Bending over at hips
Medications 💊 for ICP
Diuretic:
IV mannitol to ⬇️ ICP
Anti-seizure drugs:
To prevent seizures
Corticosteroids:
To ⬇️ inflammation
What are the 2 types of Stoke?
Ischemic Stroke🪨🛑
Hemorrhagic Stroke🩸
What is an Ischemic Stroke?
🩸 flow is cut off due to a blockage 🪨🛑, which leads to ischemia
What are the two types of blockages🛑in an Ischemic Stroke?
Thrombosis:
🩸clots that forms on the artery wall
Embolism:
🩸clot, air, or fat travels➡️w/in the body & gets suck, blocking 🩸flow
What is a Transient Ischemic Attacks (TIA)
A mini stroke
A warning ‼️ sign of an impending stroke
No cerebral infarction or ☠️ occurs in a TIA
What is a 🩸Hemorrhagic Stroke?
The collection of 🩸in the brain that leads to ischemia & ⬆️ ICP
What can a 🩸Hemorrhagic Stroke be caused by?
Ruptured artery
Aneurysm (weakening of vessel)
Uncontrolled HTN
Classic symptom of a Hemorrhagic stroke
Sudden severe headache 🤯
Modifiable risk factors for a Stroke
HTN 🚨
Atherosclerosis
Anticoagulation therapy
Uncontrolled DM 🍬
Obesity 🫃
Stress
Oral contraceptives
Smoking 🚬
