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Pharm 2024 > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Fluticasone (Lung and Nasal)
Nursing/Medical Interventions

A

Rinse mouth after use, it works best if used daily (bc its a steroid), usually combined w.LABAs

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2
Q

Fluticasone (Lung and Nasal)
Adverse effects

A

weight gain, thrush, rarely adrenal suppression, epistaxis (nose bleeds), Localized irritation

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3
Q

Montelukast (singulair)
Nursing/Medical Interventions

A

Class: Leukotriene
Not for rescue, oral pill (not inhaled), modifier, long-term use of asthma

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4
Q

Formoterol (Foradil)
Nursing/Medical Interventions

A

Bronchodilators are not use in acute bronchospasm, long long-term use, always must be combined with steroids (inc. risk of death)

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5
Q

Montelukast (singulair)
Adverse effects

A

Psychiatric, depressive/suicidal thoughts, liver impairment

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6
Q

Formoterol (Foradil)
Adverse effects

A

Tachycardia, Angina, Tremors

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7
Q

Albuterol ( Proair)
Adverse effects

A

tachycardia, angina, tremors

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7
Q

Albuterol ( Proair)
Nursing/Medical Interventions

A

On it for life, SABA, rescue inhaler for acute bronchospasm, nebulizer has a higher dose vs. inhaler, commonly combined with atrovent to create duoneb

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8
Q

Levalbuterol (Xopenex)
Nursing/Medical Interventions

A

SABA, less beta 1 agonist activation (not as tachycardic), expensive (not given much)

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9
Q

Levalbuterol (Xopenex)
Adverse effects

A

tachycardia (less likely), angina, tremors

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10
Q

Ipratropium (Atrovent)
Nursing/Medical Interventions

A

Onset within 30 seconds, lasts 6 hours, anticholinergic (monitor for s/s), used for acute bronchospasm, combined with albuterol duoneb

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11
Q

Ipratropium (Atrovent)
Adverse effects

A

anticholinergic s/s

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12
Q

Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
Nursing/Medical Interventions

A

2nd gen antihistamine, used for allergies, does not reduce nasal congestion, less drowsy than 1st gen, most effective prophylactically (taken daily)

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13
Q

Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
Adverse effects

A

excitatory phase in pediatrics (same as Benadryl; sleepy then wired), anticholinergic s/s (could result in catherization)

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14
Q

Codeine
Nursing/Medical Interventions

A

The best antitussive (cough), opiate pain med., monitor for resp. depression, give in small doses

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15
Q

Guaifenesin (Mucinex)
Nursing/Medical Interventions

A

expectorant, causes more productive coughs, used for when pt. cant get up thick secretions (supportive treatment)

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15
Q

Codeine
Adverse effects

A

Resp. depression, opiate side effects (constipation, addiction, slurred speech, etc.)

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16
Q

Guaifenesin (Mucinex)
Adverse effects

A

renal based

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17
Q

Benzonatate (Tessalon)
Nursing/Medical Interventions

A

Assess neuro function, cough, suppressant/ antitussive, do not crush -> let it sit in the back of the mouth so it numbs the area

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18
Q

Benzonatate (Tessalon)
Adverse effects

A

numbness, drowsiness, constipation, insomnia

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19
Q

Famotidine (Pepcid)
Adverse effects

A

Pneumonia, CNS effects, refractory acid reflux

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19
Q

Famotidine (Pepcid)
Nursing/Medical Interventions

A

Class: Histamine 2 (H-2), rapid absorption in small intestines, suppresses gastric acid, can be taken at meal times, 1st line treatment for prevention of ulcers in ICU patients

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20
Q

Calcium carbonate
Nursing/Medical Interventions

A

direct neutralization of stomach acid, short term effects

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21
Q

Omeprazole/Pantoprazole (PPIs)
Adverse effects

A

Headaches, N/V/D, high risk for C.diff, hypo magnesium (long-term use), DO NOT TAKE WITH OTHER MEDS

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22
Q

Calcium carbonate
Adverse effects

A

constipation, gas, can cause electrolyte abnormalities

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23
Q

Sucralfate(Carafate)
Nursing/Medical Interventions

A

Creates coating on stomach for PUD, do not give w. other meds, given at meal times, pill or drink (both are dissolved in water)

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23
Q

Omeprazole/Pantoprazole (PPIs)
Nursing/Medical Interventions

A

Most effective in suppressing gastric acid secretion, well tolerated, treatment option for PUDs, take first thing in morning (sometimes before bed)

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24
Q

Bismuth (Pepto)
Nursing/Medical Interventions

A

H.pylori treatment treats all GIs symptoms (nausea, heartburn, indigestion, upset stomach, diarrhea)

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25
Q

Sucralfate(Carafate)
Adverse effects

A

Nothing serious

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26
Q

Metoclopramide (Reglan)
Nursing/Medical Interventions

A

used for N/V to promote gastric motility - major use is for diabetic gastroparesis

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26
Q

Bismuth (Pepto)
Adverse effects

A

Dark stools

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27
Q

Docusate (Colace)
Nursing/Medical Interventions

A

take with full glass of water

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27
Q

Metoclopramide (Reglan)
Adverse effects

A

EPS s/s, ex: tardive dyskinesia, sedation, diarrhea

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28
Q

Docusate (Colace)
Adverse effects

A

diarrhea, abdominal cramping

28
Q

Polyethylene glycol (Miralax)
Nursing/Medical Interventions

A

Ensure hydration, monitor food and electrolytes, first-line constipation treatment (Prophylactic)

29
Q

Magnesium Citrate
Nursing/Medical Interventions

A

Laxative (stool softener), off label use: GI prep, very fast acting, ensure hydration, patient takes the whole bottle to drink

29
Q

Magnesium Citrate
Adverse effects

A

not for renally impaired -> they will have very high mag levels, fluid and electrolyte imbalances

30
Q

Loperamide (Imodium)
Adverse effects

A

constipation

31
Q

Loperamide (Imodium)
Nursing/Medical Interventions

A

most effective antidiarrheal (because it is an opiate), never used to treat diarrhea caused by infection, check allergies related to opiates

32
Q

Polyethylene glycol (Miralax)
Adverse effects

33
Q

Dicyclomine (Bentyl)
Nursing/Medical Interventions

A

used for IBS, stops cramps, antipasmotic

34
Q

Dicyclomine (Bentyl)
Adverse effects

A

paralytic ileus (GI stops moving) -> treat with ambulation

35
Q

Scopolamine
Nursing/Medical Interventions

A

Sticker behind ear, good for hospice ( makes em sleepy and dry mouth), anticholinergic, watch for local skin reaction (particularly with sticker use)

36
Q

Scopolamine
Adverse effects

A

anticholinergic s/s

37
Q

Meclizine (Antivert)
Adverse effects

A

anticholinergic s/s

38
Q

Meclizine (Antivert)
Nursing/Medical Interventions

A

for motion sickness (cruise ship drug), drowsiness (its an antihistamine)

39
Q

Ondansetron (Zofran)
Adverse effects

A

QT prolongation*, headache, GI symptoms

39
Q

Vitamin D
Adverse effects

A

naturally occurring no AE

40
Q

Ondansetron (Zofran)
Nursing/Medical Interventions

A

First-line treatment for nausea, is very well tolerated, can be given sublingually (ODT), and only helps if given before emesis

41
Q

Vitamin D
Nursing/Medical Interventions

A

Pts. with deficiencies or fractures (supports bone health), almost always given w. calcium (not for cancer pts.)

42
Q

LMWH (Enoxaparin)- lovenox
Adverse effects

A

Antidote - Protamine sulfate
Bleeding, HIT, spinal/epidural hematoma

42
Q

Heparin
Nursing/Medical Interventions

A

Monitor aPTT
blocks factor Xa, PE massive DVT

42
Q

Heparin
Adverse effects

A

Antidote : protamine sulfate
Bleeding, Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia

42
Q

LMWH (Enoxaparin)-lovenox
Nursing/Medical Interventions

A

Antithrombotic/anticoagulant, prevention of DVT & PE

43
Q

Warfarin
Nursing/Medical Interventions

A

Vitamin K antagonist, long-term prophylaxis of thrombosis, oral anticoagulant, Monitor PT/ INR

44
Q

Warfarin
Adverse effects

A

hemorrhage,
Antidote: Vitamin K (takes a long time), ffp*

45
Q

Rivaroxaban (Xarelto)
Nursing/Medical Interventions

A

PO, dvt prevention, stroke prevention in afib make sure you don’t combine with antifungal monitor labs,

46
Q

Rivaroxaban (Xarelto)
Adverse effects

46
Q

Apixaban (Eliquis)
Nursing/Medical Interventions

A

selective, reversible site inhibitor of factor Xa, reduces the risk of stroke, PO, don’t combine with antifungal

47
Q

Apixaban (Eliquis)
Adverse effects

A

Bleeding, anaphylaxis

48
Q

Aspirin
Nursing/Medical Interventions

A

Nsaid, used for secondary prevention of bad clots

49
Q

Aspirin
Adverse effects

A

GI upset , hemorrhagic stroke

50
Q

Clopidogrel (Plavix)
Nursing/Medical Interventions

A

PO, combined with aspirin, Prevents platelets from sticking together and lowers the risk of having a stroke, blood clot, heart problem, etc.

51
Q

Clopidogrel (Plavix)
Adverse effects

A

Gi bleed, prevents hemorrhagic stroke

52
Q

Alteplase (TPA)
Nursing/Medical Interventions

A

go to med for stroke, clot buster, when toa is given for MI its because cath lab not available, screen for bleeding,

53
Q

Alteplase (TPA)
Adverse effects

A

nosebleeds, literally bleeding from any prick or cut, etc, coughing up blood, tarry stools

54
Q

Epoetin Alfa
Nursing/Medical Interventions

A

can be given to a person with kidney failure, used to treat anemia,*hemoglobin no chance of getting better on its own

54
Q

Kcentra
Adverse effects

A

dry mouth, headache, vomiting, blurred vision

55
Q

Kcentra
Nursing/Medical Interventions

A

Reverses effects of blood thinners during major bleeding,

56
Q

Epoetin Alfa
Adverse effects

A

tarry stools, fruit like breath, tachycardia

57
Q

Ferrous Sulfate (Iron)
Nursing/Medical Interventions

A

PO, given to replace iron and help with anemia

58
Q

Ferrous Sulfate (Iron)
Adverse effects

A

black tarry stools, upset stomach, rash

59
Q

Baclofen (Gablofen)
Nursing/Medical Interventions

A

muscle relaxer, must taper,

60
Q

Baclofen (Gablofen)
Adverse effects

A

if you don’t taper, the patient will get well, sedation, withdrawal

61
Q

Alendronate (Fosamax)
Nursing/Medical Interventions

A

take a full glass of water and remain write for a full hour

62
Q

Alendronate (Fosamax)
Adverse effects

A

dyspepsia, flatulence

63
Q

Colchicine (Colcrys)
Nursing/Medical Interventions

A

antigout agent, only give for about 2 days, quick turnaround

64
Q

Colchicine (Colcrys)
Adverse effects

A

Diarrhea, vomiting, stomach pain

65
Q

Allopurinol (Zyloprim)
Adverse effects

65
Q

Allopurinol (Zyloprim)
Nursing/Medical Interventions

A

decreases uric acid, long term for chronic gout

66
Q

Management of H.Pylori

A

Need more than one antibiotic (metronidazole), PPI or histamine 2, Pepto
treatment usually lasts over a month

67
Q

Management of HIT

A

stop heparin- anticoagulant non heparin- start another anticoagulant because they are not at increased risk of thrombosis

68
Q

Management of DVT

A

DVT prophylaxis -every patient in a hospital
level 1- compression socks
level 2- SCD squeezing device
level 3- Lovenox and heparin

Pharm 2024 (2 decks)

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