Exam 4

Question 1

What is the peak level of a drug?

Answer 1

The highest level of drug concentration that is in the blood or plasma of a patient

Question 2

What is the therapeutic level of a drug?

Answer 2

The range of levels of the drug in the blood that will produce the desired effect without causing toxic effects

Question 3

What is the trough level of a drug?

Answer 3

lowest level of drug concentration in a patient

Question 4

What is the half life of a drug?

Answer 4

The time it takes excretion to lower the drug concentration by half

Question 5

What is the duration of action of a drug?

Answer 5

The length of time the drug is effective

Question 6

Drug standards and manufacturers

Answer 6

They must meet these standards in five areas in order for it to pass FDA approval and marketed:

Purity: Types and concentrations of substances other than the drug. that can be in the tablet, capsule, suspension, or other form of drug

Potency: The amount of active drug in the preparation

Bioavailability: The drugs ability to dissolve, be absorbed, and transported in the body to its desired action of site

Efficacy: Laboratory studies providing proof that the drug is effective for it’s intended use.

Safety: Studies that show the potential side effects, adverse effects and toxic reactions. Safety is determined from data.

Question 7

What is pharmacotherapeutics?

Answer 7

Treatment of health conditions by using medications (drugs)

Question 8

What is Pharmacodynamics?

Answer 8

The study of a drug’s effect on cellular physiology and biochemistry and it’s mechanism of action

Question 9

What is pharmacokinetics?

Answer 9

The study of how drugs enter the body and reach their site of action, how they are metabolized and excreted

Question 10

What is the Z track injection and how to do it?

Answer 10

Used for IM injections to prevent medication from leaking upwards.

Pull skin back, insert needle, remove skin

Question 11

Intradermal injections

Answer 11

Injections that enter in the dermis layer of the skin

Question 12

Classifications of medication

Answer 12

Groups of medication that are classified by action

Circulatory system and Heart:
Anticoagulants
Antihypertensives
Diuretics

Question 13

Excretion of medications

Answer 13

The removal of drugs from the body

Question 14

Where are medications metabolized?

Answer 14

The liver

Question 15

Trade name of a medication

Answer 15

Name protected by a trademark. Will have a small R by it’s name and it’s capitalized

Question 16

Generic name of a medication

Answer 16

Name not protected by a trademark. Usually the longer name in lowercase letters

Question 17

Chemical name of a drug

Answer 17

Describes the chemical composition of the drug

Question 18

Routes of drug administration

Answer 18

Oral Routes:
PO- by mouth and swallowed with fluid
SL- under the tongue
Buccal- on the cheek

Parenteral Routes:
ID- injected in the dermis
SQ- injected in the subcutaneous layer
IM- injected in the muscular layer
IV- injected in the vein
Epidural- injected in the epidural space of the spinal column

Skin:
Topical- applied to the skin
Transdermal- applied to the skin

Mucous Membranes:
Vaginal- inserted in the vagina
Rectal- inserted in the rectum
Inhalation- inhaled in the nose or lungs

Question 19

Routes for parental medication administration

Answer 19

Intradermal
Subcutaneous
Intramuscular
Intravenous
Epidural

Question 20

Metered dose inhalers

Question 21

Abbreviations and symbols used in medication orders

Answer 21

Ac: before meals
Pc: after meals
PRN or prn: as needed
STAT or stat: immediately

Question 22

Medication reconciliation process

Answer 22

The process of reviewing the patients complete medication regimen at admission, transfer, and discharge and comparing it with the new regimen

Question 23

High alert medications

Question 24

Medication administration process

Answer 24

Make sure you check the six rights before administering

Question 25

Rights of medication administration

Answer 25

Right drug
Right patient
Right dose
Right documentation
Right route
Right time

Question 26

Types of orders

Answer 26

Routine/ scheduled order:
PRN:
Single Order:
Stat Order:

Question 27

Preventing needle sticks

Question 28

Gauges of needles

Answer 28

The larger the gauge, the smaller the needle

Question 29

Needle lengths

Question 30

IM injection sites

Question 31

Urticaria

Question 32

Induration

Question 33

Bleb

Answer 33

the bubble under the skin after giving an ID injection

Question 34

Parental medications

Question 35

Medication errors