Exam 4 Flashcards
The type of schema that helps us understand how a series of events progress in a situation is:
a. mental shortcut.
b. stereotype.
c. script.
d. exemplar.
script
Remembering that he needed to pick up milk on the way home from work, Jon is using his _____ memory
system.
a. implicit
b. procedural
c. prospective
d. explicit
prospective
After struggling to solve a math problem, you suddenly see the solution. For no apparent reason, the method
for solving the problem just came to your mind. You have experienced:
a. insight.
b. clarity.
c. restructuring.
d. fixedness.
insight
If you can remember exactly what you did yesterday but have trouble remembering the names of the 50 states,
then you have excellent episodic memory but somewhat poor _____ memory.
a. semantic
b. implicit
c. explicit
d. procedural
semantic
When a person incorrectly remembers the time, place, person, or circumstances involved in a memory, she is
experiencing:
a. absentmindedness.
b. cryptomnesia.
c. source misattribution.
d. the sleeper effect.
source misattribution
The disorder that results in difficulties with being able to produce speech is called:
a. Korsakoff’s syndrome.
b. global aphasia.
c. Wernicke’s aphasia.
d. Broca’s aphasia.
Broca’s aphasia
Ivaylo goes skiing after many years away from the sport. What kind of memory makes it possible for him to
get back on the slopes without taking new skiing lessons?
a. declarative memory
b. episodic memory
c. explicit memory
d. procedural memory
procedural memory
A study finds that women do as well as men in math courses at all levels. If Heather reads this study before
taking her calculus final, she will be ________ likely to do well, because of ________.
a. less; positive role models
b. more; positive role models
c. more; reduced stereotype threat
d. less; reduced stereotype threat
more; reduced stereotype threat
Phonemes are:
a. the basic sounds of a language.
b. the smallest units of language that have meaning.
c. equivalent to syllables.
d. sounds that are similar across various languages.
the basic sounds of a language
Jon is trying to remember his class schedule from last semester, but he keeps thinking of his current classes
instead. This phenomenon is an example of which type of interference?
a. retroactive
b. proactive
c. blocking
d. absentmindedness
retroactive
The sentences Jill was kissed by Jack and Jack kissed Jill have the same:
a. phonemes.
b. morphemes.
c. surface structure.
d. deep structure.
deep structure
Chomsky has argued that children:
a. must learn the grammatical rules of any language through explicit instruction.
b. must be taught to transform the surface structure of a sentence to its deep structure.
c. have a built-in preparedness to acquire grammar.
d. have an innate tendency to name objects.
have a built-in preparedness to acquire grammar
Scientists have developed a new drug that leaves your current memory intact, but people who take the drug
can no longer learn new information. This drug produces:
a. anterograde amnesia.
b. retrograde amnesia.
c. relearning interference.
d. proactive amnesia.
anterograde amnesia
Analogical representations ________ correspond to characteristics of the object that they represent. Symbolic
representations ________ correspond to characteristics of the object that they represent.
a. do; do
b. do not; do not
c. do; do not
d. do not; do
do; do not
When a friend asks you to recommend a restaurant, you send her to the place where you ate last Saturday
because it comes most quickly to mind. This way of thinking is an example of:
a. confirmation bias.
b. the framing effect.
c. insight.
d. the availability heuristic.
the availability heuristic
A critical property of insight is that the solution to the problem:
a. has clear subgoals.
b. emerges in a single step.
c. emerges over several steps.
d. develops clear subgoals.
emerges in a single step
Geoff is trying to remember his shopping list by repeating the items over and over again to himself. He is
using:
a. maintenance rehearsal.
b. acoustic rehearsal.
c. elaborative rehearsal.
d. linkage rehearsal.
maintenance rehearsal
To remember more information, _____ can be used to organize information into meaningful units.
a. cognitive maps
b. chunking
c. networks of association
d. mnemonics
chunking
The idea that memory is distributed throughout the brain is called:
a. concurrent storage.
b. equity of distribution.
c. connectivity.
d. equipotentiality.
equipotentiality
The system of rules that determines how words are combined into phrases and how phrases are used to make
sentences is called:
a. morphemes.
b. phonemes.
c. syntax.
d. language.
syntax
The finding that IQ scores have increased dramatically over the last century is known as:
a. the 100-year effect.
b. enrichment effects.
c. the Flynn effect.
d. neurogenesis.
the Flynn effect
When Jon visits his grandmother’s house, he always thinks about his childhood. Something about the way her
house smells triggers the memory. This phenomenon is referred to as:
a. context-dependent memory.
b. a network of association.
c. memory nodes.
d. none of the above.
context-dependent memory
People tend to become closed minded when asked to find a different use for an object that has a clear purpose.
This mind-set is a result of:
a. mental sets.
b. restructuring.
c. working backward.
d. functional fixedness.
functional fixedness
Fayd is studying for his English literature exam. For each novel he has read for the course, he tries to spend a
lot of time thinking of how the novel relates to his own life. This activity requires that he really thinks about
the themes and characters in the book, making him recognize more about how different characters in the story
relate to each other. Fayd is using the memory strategy of:
a. maintenance rehearsal.
b. practice.
c. chunking.
d. elaborative rehearsal.
elaborative rehearsal
Your school requires you to change your email password every 3 months. Now, when you try to remember
the new password, you can only remember the old one. This effect is most likely due to:
a. retrograde amnesia.
b. transience.
c. interference.
d. anterograde amnesia.
interference
________ intelligence is involved in reasoning, processing novel events, and thinking flexibly.
a. Pragmatic
b. Crystallized
c. Fluid
d. Analytic
Fluid
If the Wicked Witch of the East flew down and struck you with retrograde amnesia, you would be _____ to
form new memories and _____ to remember events before the witch.
a. unable; unable
b. able; unable
c. able; able
d. unable; able
able; unable
What is the paradox of choice?
a. Not having any choices is what makes us happiest.
b. Having a lot of choices makes us happy.
c. Having unlimited choices makes us happiest.
d. Having some choice is better than none, but too many choices can make us unhappy.
Having some choice is better than none, but too many choices can make us unhappy
Dion keeps having nightmares and flashbacks about his brief time in the military. His chronic anxiety is most
likely due to which disorder?
a. attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
b. obsessive-compulsive disorder
c. posttraumatic stress disorder
d. attention-deficit disorder
posttraumatic stress disorder
The encoding specificity principle states that:
a. only similar kinds of information can be encoded together.
b. anything encoded with information can be a retrieval cue for that information.
c. similar kinds of information are encoded into common schemas.
d. associative networks are formed of similarly encoded pieces of information.
anything encoded with information can be a retrieval cue for that information
The idea that one intelligence factor is involved in all intellectual tasks is known as:
a. general intelligence.
b. single intelligence.
c. crystallized intelligence.
d. fluid intelligence.
general intelligence
Short-term memory:
a. has a limited capacity
b. has an unlimited capacity
c. retains information for up to an hour
d. lasts a lifetime
has a limited capacity
If someone asks you who is running for president, you will answer from your _____ memory. If someone
asks who you voted for in the last election, you could answer from your _____ memory.
a. episodic; semantic
b. semantic; episodic
c. procedural; explicit
d. explicit; procedural
semantic; episodic
Which memory system is most closely related to intelligence test scores?
a. sensory
b. working
c. semantic
d. Episodic
working
Research indicates that the average difference in intelligence between women and men is:
a. 0 IQ points.
b. 5 IQ points.
c. 7 IQ points.
d. 10 IQ points.
0 IQ points
Remembering how to ride a bike is an example of which type of memory?
a. declarative
b. procedural
c. sensory
d. explicit
procedural
When remembering words on a list, people tend to remember words at the beginning of the list and words at
the end of the list better than words in the middle of the list. This phenomenon is known as:
a. the serial position effect.
b. retroactive interference.
c. motivated forgetting.
d. spreading activation effect.
the serial position effect
Morphemes are:
a. the basic sounds of a language.
b. the smallest units of language that have meaning.
c. equivalent to syllables.
d. sounds that are similar across various languages.
the smallest units of language that have meaning.
After taking a fall off your horse, you seem to have temporarily lost your memory for past events. The doctor
will most likely say that you suffer from:
a. cryptomnesia.
b. retrograde amnesia.
c. anterograde amnesia.
d. absentmindedness.
retrograde amnesia
The memory of your wedding day is an example of a(n):
a. procedural memory.
b. short-term memory.
c. episodic memory.
d. semantic memory.
episodic memory
