Exam 4 Flashcards
Benefits of exercise
Increases cardiovascular fitness
Lung capacity increases
Raising endurance
Muscles become stronger, flexible
Greater range of movement
Reduce osteoporosis
Defensive coping
uncoscious strategies that distort or deny the true nature of a situation
Ex: denying the seriousness of a threat
What 5 features typically mark emerging adulthood?
Continued identity exploration
Instability
Self focus
Felling in between
optimism
Labeling theory of passionate love
experience of romantic love involves experiencing both intense physiological arousal (sexual arousal, excitement, negative emotions) and situational cues suggesting that arousal is due to love
Know Sternberg’s Triangular Theory
Intimacy component: feelings of closeness, affection and connectedness
Passion component: motivational drives relating to sex, physical closeness and romance
Decision/Commitment: initial cognition that one loves another person and the longer term determination to maintain that love
8 different types of love
Nonlove
Liking: only intimacy, no formal commitment, good friends
Infatuated: only component of passion, random hookup
Empty: no like, commitment, arrange marriage, lost passion
Romantic: intimacy and compassion, getting to know each other, have not committed
Companionate: intimacy and commitment, long term marriage
Fatuous: passion and commitment, don’t really know each other, engage in two months
Consummate: intimacy, commitment, passion
What are the direct (physiological) effects of stress?
increased bp, hormonal activity to decreased immune system response
How does inductive reasoning, spatial orientation, perceptual speed, verbal memory, numeric ability and verbal ability change with age during middle adulthood?
being to decline gradually around 25 and continue to decline through old age , component of fluid intelligence
Numeric ability- increase until mid-40s, lower at 60, and steady throughout rest of life
Verbal ability- rises until start of middle adulthood (40), stay steady throughout rest of lifespan
Levinson’s season of life theory
around 40-45, people experience midlife transition questioning period
Start to question every day assumptions: religious practices and beliefs
Becoming more aware of your death
Secrets for succesful marriages
Holding realistic expectations
Focusing on positives of partner
Comprising and not keeping score
Avoiding suffering in silence
What is the cycle of violence hypothesis (it is that abuse/neglect as child leads to abuse as adults)?
Btn 21-34% of women will be slapped, kicked, beaten, choked, or threatened or attacked with a weapon at least once with an intimate partner
Close to 15% of all marriages in the US are characterized by continuing severe violence
What are changes in the lungs/respiratory system, heart, blood/blood cells/blood vessels, and digestive system in late adulthood?
More rigid, stiffer, filled with water
Efficiency of the respiratory system declines with age: weakened respiratory muscles, lower blood oxygen flow
Bone density decreases so increases kyphosis
Higher risk of developing pneumonia
Heart rate slows down
Reduction in total body water: blood volume decreases, blood vessels are thicker and stiffer
Digestive system produces less digestive juice and is less efficient in pushing food through the system
How does hearing change during late adulthood?
30% of adults between 65-74 have some hearing loss
50% of adults over 75 have hearing loss
High frequencies are the hardest to hear
What are problems with wearing hearing aids?
amplify all sounds so difficult to discern conversation, stigma attached to wearing hearing aid
Know that older research indicating that intelligence declined during older adulthood was not completely correct as it was cross-sectional research. Sequential studies show a more complicated story; Know that fluid intelligence decreases while crystallized intelligence remains steady and sometimes improves. What are lesser declines in intelligence associated with?
Older research indicating that intelligence declined during older adulthood was not completely correct as it was cross-sectional research
Sequential studies show a more complicated story
Fluid intelligence decreases while crystallized intelligence remains steady and sometimes improves
Lesser declines associated with many factors
-Absence of chronic diseases
-Higher socioeconomic status
-involvement in intellectually stimulating environment
-Flexible personality style
-Marriage to bright spouse
Identify the primary crises resolved in Peck’s Developmental Tasks.
Redefinition of self vs. preoccupation with work role:
-people in old age must redefine themselves in ways that don’t relate to their work roles
VS growing sense of dissatisfaction
Body transcendence vs. Body preoccupation:
-people must learn to cope with and move beyond changes in physical abilities as a result of aging
-VS. might grown dissatisfied with your body
Ego transcendence vs. ego preoccupation:
-elderly people must come to grips with coming death but made contributions to society
What does Levinson’s Final Season: The Winter of Life entail?
1.View themselves as being “old”
2. Recognize stereotypes and loss of power and respect
3.Serve as resources to younger individuals
4.Discover new freedom to do things for the sake of enjoyment and pleasure
Identify major points associated with the 3 theories of successful aging (disengagement theory, activity theory, and continuity theory).
Disengagement theory: gradual retreat
Gradual withdrawal from the world on physical, psychological and social levels
Activity Theory: continued involvement
Happiness and satisfaction from high level of involvement
Adaptation to inevitable changes
Continuing or replacing previous activities
Continuity Theory: compromise position
People need to maintain desired level of involvement in society to maximize their senses of well being and self esteem
Good physical/mental health, financial society/autonomy needed to maximize happiness in life
Positive perception of late adulthood to better self concept
primary appraisal
FOCUS HERE IS ON HOW STRESSFUL THE STRESSOR IS NOT HOW MUCH HE CAN HANDLE IT.
John is about to have a child and is a little worried because he knows that children are very time consuming and exhausting.
secondary appraisal
FOCUS HERE IS ON HOW MANY RESOURCES THE PERSON HAS TO HANDLE THE STRESSOR
If a student assesses the situation to determine how much time he/she has available to devote to studying for an upcoming
