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History & Systems (Psych) > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Leon Festinger (1919-1989)

A

cognitive dissonance: insignificant justification; justifying behavior with attitude changes

state of affairs, conflict behavior, dissonance aroused

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2
Q

Fritz Heider (1896-1988)

A

attribution theory: how we explain other people’s behavior
-dispositional: internal (he doesn’t like me)
-situational: external (he got a flat tire)
fundamental attribution error: overestimate dispositional and underestimate situational attribution

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3
Q

Albert Bandura (1925-Present)

A

reciprocal determinism: personality is determined by environment, behavioral, and cognitive factors
- notion of self-efficacy

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4
Q

Alan Turing

A

Turing Test: weak/strong artificial intelligence
- strong: duplicate human thought

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5
Q

Information Processing Approach

A

keyboard- encode
storage- sensory, short term and long term memory
monitor- retrieval

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6
Q

Connectionism

A

we perform a task every day and it becomes a habit

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7
Q

GOFAI

A

Good old fashioned A I
sequentially searches for results in milliseconds

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8
Q

eclecticism

A

the best parts of multiple systems intertwined

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9
Q

Basic Psychology

A

Academic, Research

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10
Q

Applied Psychology

A

Using in fields

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11
Q

Boulder Model

A

The scientist-practitioner view

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12
Q

George Miller

A

father of cognitive psych
short term memory (7 +- 2 ideas)

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13
Q

Thomas Bouchard

A

Heritability equation:
50% biology
5% shared environment
45% nonshared environment

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14
Q

Sociobiology

A

evolutionary social psychology
biogrammar
leash principle

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15
Q

Konrad Lorenz

A

Duck Study: Attachment
bonding behavior: from birth= mother
father has to engage in bonding techniques

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16
Q

Ethiology

A

study of habit or character

17
Q

Roger Sperry

A

split brain theory: left and right hemispheres work together by connection (corpus collosum)

optic chasm: left eye- right brain
right brain- left eye

18
Q

left hemisphere

A

words
verbal memory
language sounds

19
Q

Right Hemisphere

A

patterns
faces
nonlanguage noises
music
emotional response

20
Q

Donald O Hebb

A

BA w bare minimum GPA
cell assemblies (stream neurons that reflect recurring events)
phase sequences: integrated system of cell assemblies that cause a stream of interrelated ideas

21
Q

Karl Lashley

A

Studied w watson
brain studies
mass action: cortex works as unified unit
-led to idea that personality is all around
equipotentiality: if one part is damaged, other parts take over
engram: focus/locus of learning

22
Q

Humanistic Psychology

A

pushed free will
3rd major force of psych
reply to negativity of other two forces

23
Q

Abraham Maslow

A

Hierarchy of needs
Basic Tenets of Humanistic Psychology

24
Q

Basic Tenets of Humanistic Psychology

A

study humans for human behavior
subjective reality is primary guide
study individuals
focus on positive things
practical research
should formulate a description of what it means to be a human being

25
Q

Hierarchy of needs

A

Physiological (basic)
Safety (basic)
belonging(psych)
self-esteem (psych)
self-actualization

26
Q

Self-Actualized people

A

-perceive reality accurately and fully
-spontaneity and naturalistic
-periodic peak experiences
-concerned w all humans (problem centering)
-continued freshness of appreciation
- Autonomy (privacy and independence)
-being-motivated: focus on being the best you can be

27
Q

Trans personal psychology

A

would’ve been fourth force

relationship between people and the cosmos

28
Q

Carl Rogers

A
  • freeing the person to become who they can be
  • non directive approach -> client centered -> person centered
  • theory of personality
29
Q

person centered

A
  • unconditional positive regard
  • empathic understanding
  • genuineness
30
Q

Carl Rogers’ Theory of Personality

A

incongruence is when ideal self, true self, and self image have disparities

congruence is when they all line up

31
Q

Rogerian Psych

A

reflections of emotions
active listening: ears, eyes, gut

32
Q

Positive Psych

A

humanism and other psychs

33
Q

Piaget’s Cognitive Development Stages

A
  • Sensorimotor 0-2: object permanence, senses
  • preoperational (2-7): conservation not met, language development, symbolic thought, egocentric and no reversibility
  • concrete operations (7-11): conservation, logical thought is limited, only concrete
  • formal operations: logically solves all problems; abstract thinking
34
Q

Noam Chomsky

A

critical period theory: certain time frames best for learning skills
Language Acquisition Device: showed that language has a critical period and that it may be biological

35
Q

Psychobiology

A

neuroscience
attempts to explain psychological phenomena in terms of their biological foundations

36
Q

Jean-Piaget

A

intelligence tests w Simon
cognitive development stages
adaptation occurs through assimilation and accommodation

37
Q

Assimilation

A

making new info fit into your beliefs

38
Q

Accommodation

A

altering existing beliefs in light of new information

39
Q

David Buss

A

Heritability and twin studies
monozygotic and dizygotic

History & Systems (Psych) (2 decks)

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