Exam 4 Flashcards by Britt tate

Leon Festinger (1919-1989)

cognitive dissonance: insignificant justification; justifying behavior with attitude changes

state of affairs, conflict behavior, dissonance aroused

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Fritz Heider (1896-1988)

attribution theory: how we explain other people’s behavior
-dispositional: internal (he doesn’t like me)
-situational: external (he got a flat tire)
fundamental attribution error: overestimate dispositional and underestimate situational attribution

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Albert Bandura (1925-Present)

reciprocal determinism: personality is determined by environment, behavioral, and cognitive factors
- notion of self-efficacy

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Alan Turing

Turing Test: weak/strong artificial intelligence
- strong: duplicate human thought

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Information Processing Approach

keyboard- encode
storage- sensory, short term and long term memory
monitor- retrieval

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Connectionism

we perform a task every day and it becomes a habit

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GOFAI

Good old fashioned A I
sequentially searches for results in milliseconds

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eclecticism

the best parts of multiple systems intertwined

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Basic Psychology

Academic, Research

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Applied Psychology

Using in fields

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Boulder Model

The scientist-practitioner view

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George Miller

father of cognitive psych
short term memory (7 +- 2 ideas)

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Thomas Bouchard

Heritability equation:
50% biology
5% shared environment
45% nonshared environment

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Sociobiology

evolutionary social psychology
biogrammar
leash principle

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Konrad Lorenz

Duck Study: Attachment
bonding behavior: from birth= mother
father has to engage in bonding techniques

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Ethiology

study of habit or character

Roger Sperry

split brain theory: left and right hemispheres work together by connection (corpus collosum)

optic chasm: left eye- right brain
right brain- left eye

left hemisphere

words
verbal memory
language sounds

Right Hemisphere

patterns
faces
nonlanguage noises
music
emotional response

Donald O Hebb

BA w bare minimum GPA
cell assemblies (stream neurons that reflect recurring events)
phase sequences: integrated system of cell assemblies that cause a stream of interrelated ideas

Karl Lashley

Studied w watson
brain studies
mass action: cortex works as unified unit
-led to idea that personality is all around
equipotentiality: if one part is damaged, other parts take over
engram: focus/locus of learning

Humanistic Psychology

pushed free will
3rd major force of psych
reply to negativity of other two forces

Abraham Maslow

Hierarchy of needs
Basic Tenets of Humanistic Psychology

Basic Tenets of Humanistic Psychology

study humans for human behavior
subjective reality is primary guide
study individuals
focus on positive things
practical research
should formulate a description of what it means to be a human being

Hierarchy of needs

Physiological (basic) Safety (basic) belonging(psych) self-esteem (psych) self-actualization

Self-Actualized people

-perceive reality accurately and fully -spontaneity and naturalistic -periodic peak experiences -concerned w all humans (problem centering) -continued freshness of appreciation - Autonomy (privacy and independence) -being-motivated: focus on being the best you can be

Trans personal psychology

would’ve been fourth force relationship between people and the cosmos

Carl Rogers

- freeing the person to become who they can be - non directive approach -> client centered -> person centered - theory of personality

person centered

- unconditional positive regard - empathic understanding - genuineness

Carl Rogers’ Theory of Personality

incongruence is when ideal self, true self, and self image have disparities congruence is when they all line up

Rogerian Psych

reflections of emotions active listening: ears, eyes, gut

Positive Psych

humanism and other psychs

Piaget’s Cognitive Development Stages

- Sensorimotor 0-2: object permanence, senses - preoperational (2-7): conservation not met, language development, symbolic thought, egocentric and no reversibility - concrete operations (7-11): conservation, logical thought is limited, only concrete - formal operations: logically solves all problems; abstract thinking

Noam Chomsky

critical period theory: certain time frames best for learning skills Language Acquisition Device: showed that language has a critical period and that it may be biological

Psychobiology

neuroscience attempts to explain psychological phenomena in terms of their biological foundations

Jean-Piaget

intelligence tests w Simon cognitive development stages adaptation occurs through assimilation and accommodation

Assimilation

making new info fit into your beliefs

Accommodation

altering existing beliefs in light of new information

David Buss

Heritability and twin studies monozygotic and dizygotic