Exam 3 Flashcards
Why is behavioral environment subjective?
Gestalt Answer: Give a man a fish, he eats for a day. Teach a man to fish, he eats a lifetime.
Different personality traits show in different settings.
Kurt Lewin (1890-1947)
Lifespace: totality of influence that exists at any moment.
Psychological facts
Zeigarnik effect
Conflict styles
Leadership styles
Psychological facts (Kurt Lewin)
internal events + external events + recollection of prior events
Zeigarnik Effect (Kurt Lewin)
the tendency to remember incomplete tasks more than completed ones
Conflict Styles (Kurt Lewin)
Approach/approach: 2 positive alts
avoidance/avoidance: 2 negative alts
approach/avoidance: most difficult; 1 negative, 1 positive
Leadership Styles (Kurt Lewin)
Democratic: more productive workers
authoritarian: aggressive workers
laissez-faire: unproductive workers
Karen Horney
Overall personality characteristics (moving towards, away, and against people)
basic evil leads to basic hostility leads to basic anxiety
Kurt Koffma
Perception
Wrote articles that popularized gestalt psychology as sensation and perception
Max Werthelmer
Father of Gestalt Psych
truth, democratic freedom, wanted to escape war
Christian Von Ehrenpels
“Uber Gestalaualiten” (Principles of Gestalt)
Perceptual Constancy
the way we respond to objects as if they were the same, even though the actual stimulation our senses receive may vary greatly.
location, shape, size, brightness, color
Principle of Similarity
Perceive as a unit stimuli that are physically similar to one another
Principle of Closure
tendency to perceive incomplete objects as complete
Principle of Proximity
perceptually group together stimuli that are physically close
Principle of Continuity
stimuli that follow a predictable pattern are perceived as one unit
Principle of Inclusiveness
more likely to see figure with the most stimuli first
Top-Down Processing
Using the general information to get the whole picture
Bottom-Up processing
using features/elements to reach a conclusion
Productive thinking
type of thinking that ponders principles rather than isolated facts and aims at understanding the solutions rather than memorizing logical rules and strategies
Benjamin Rush
Surgeon General for Pres. Washington, Signed Declaration of independence
1st US Psychiatrist
Wolfgang Kohler
German spy that left germany because he didn’t agree with the Nazis
Original ways to look at mental illness
Biological/medical model: chemical imbalance
Psychological: comes from loss of control
Supernatural: demons, “Gods will”
Transposition
the application of a principle learned in one learning or problem solving situation to other similar situations
Law of Pragnanz
cognitive experience will always reflect the essence of one’s experience instead of its disorganized, fragmented aspects
