Exam 4

Question 1

examples of monosaccharides

Answer 1

• glucose
• galactose
• fructose

Question 2

examples of disaccharides

Answer 2

• maltose
• lactose
• sucrose

Question 3

examples of polysaccharides

Answer 3

• glycogen
• pectin
• starch
• cellulose

Question 4

what are simple carbohydrates?

Answer 4

monosaccharides
disaccharides

Question 5

what are complex carbohydrates?

Answer 5

polysaccharides

Question 6

transcription

Answer 6

• in nucleus
• synthesizes mRNA

Question 7

translation

Answer 7

• in ribosomes
• synthesizes protein

Question 8

food irradiation

Answer 8

destroys pathogens in food and extends shelf life

Question 9

fat-soluble vitamins

Answer 9

A, D, E, K

Question 10

water-soluble vitamins (can be peed out)

Answer 10

B and C

Question 11

which is the good cholesterol and how can you increase it?

Answer 11

HDL > LDL; increased by exercising

Question 12

what bond can you not break with irreversible inhibition?

Answer 12

covalent bonds

Question 13

point mutation

Answer 13

replacement of one base

Question 14

silent mutation

Answer 14

a point mutation that doesn’t change amino acid/protein it translates

Question 15

deletion mutation

Answer 15

base is deleted

Question 16

insertion

Answer 16

base is added

Question 17

albinism

Answer 17

lack of tyrosine = lack of skin/hair pigment = more tyrosine inhibitors = less melanin

Question 18

recombinant DNA

Answer 18

• DNA fragment combined with DNA from another
• restriction enzyme used to cut DNAs

Question 19

saturated

Answer 19

single bonds/single lines
london dispersion forces

Question 20

monosaturated

Answer 20

double bonds/double lines

Question 21

polyunsaturated

Answer 21

at least 2 double bonds

Question 22

essential fatty acids

Answer 22

• polyunsaturated fats that must be obtained from diet because humans can’t synthesize enough of them

Question 23

what includes phospholipids?

Answer 23

• glycerophospholipids
• sphingomyelin

Question 24

what is a type of steroid?

Answer 24

cholesterol
- most abundant steroid in body

Question 25

lipoprotein

Answer 25

when cholesterol and protein are combined

Question 26

what are the 3 lipoproteins?

Answer 26

• VLDL (very low density lipoproteins)
• LDL (low density lipoproteins)
• HDL (high density lipoproteins) (more exercise = more HDLs and good for transporting cholesterol to liver for excretion)