Exam 4 Flashcards
examples of monosaccharides
- glucose
- galactose
- fructose
examples of disaccharides
- maltose
- lactose
- sucrose
examples of polysaccharides
- glycogen
- pectin
- starch
- cellulose
what are simple carbohydrates?
monosaccharides
disaccharides
what are complex carbohydrates?
polysaccharides
transcription
- in nucleus
- synthesizes mRNA
translation
- in ribosomes
- synthesizes protein
food irradiation
destroys pathogens in food and extends shelf life
fat-soluble vitamins
A, D, E, K
water-soluble vitamins (can be peed out)
B and C
which is the good cholesterol and how can you increase it?
HDL > LDL; increased by exercising
what bond can you not break with irreversible inhibition?
covalent bonds
point mutation
replacement of one base
silent mutation
a point mutation that doesn’t change amino acid/protein it translates
deletion mutation
base is deleted
insertion
base is added
albinism
lack of tyrosine = lack of skin/hair pigment = more tyrosine inhibitors = less melanin
recombinant DNA
- DNA fragment combined with DNA from another
- restriction enzyme used to cut DNAs
saturated
single bonds/single lines
london dispersion forces
monosaturated
double bonds/double lines
polyunsaturated
at least 2 double bonds
essential fatty acids
- polyunsaturated fats that must be obtained from diet because humans can’t synthesize enough of them
what includes phospholipids?
- glycerophospholipids
- sphingomyelin
what is a type of steroid?
cholesterol
- most abundant steroid in body
lipoprotein
when cholesterol and protein are combined
what are the 3 lipoproteins?
- VLDL (very low density lipoproteins)
- LDL (low density lipoproteins)
- HDL (high density lipoproteins) (more exercise = more HDLs and good for transporting cholesterol to liver for excretion)
