Exam 3 Materials

Question 1

Trends in Strength of Intermolecular Attraction

Answer 1

• strong attractions between atoms/molecules = more energy it takes to separate them/more difficult to break
• higher normal boiling point of liquid = stronger intermolecular attractive forces

Question 2

(London) dispersion forces

Answer 2

• weakest
• temporary polarity in molecules because of unequal electron distribution

Question 3

dipole-dipole forces

Answer 3

• average
• permanent polarity in molecules because of their structure

Question 4

hydrogen bonds

Answer 4

• strongest
• when a dipole-dipole force is strengthened because a hydrogen is attached to an extremely electronegative atom
• hydrogen must be attached to fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen (FON)

Question 5

ice is…

Answer 5

less dense than liquid water

Question 6

solute

Answer 6

• dissolved substance
• dissolvee

Question 7

solvent

Answer 7

• substance the solute dissolves in
• dissolver

Question 8

aqueous solution

Answer 8

solutions where solvent is water

Question 9

like dissolves like

Answer 9

when two substances with similar intermolecular forces are likely to be soluble in each other (ex. if both polar they dissolve into each other or if both nonpolar they both dissolve into each other) (ex. if one is polar and the other nonpolar, then they won’t dissolve)

Question 10

saturated solution

Answer 10

contains maximum amt of solute that will dissolve in given solvent at specific temp

Question 11

unsaturated solution

Answer 11

contains less solute than solvent has capacity to dissolve at specific temp

Question 12

supersaturated solution

Answer 12

contains more solute than is present in saturated solution at specific temp

Question 13

molecular compounds…

Answer 13

do NOT dissociate in water

Question 14

osmosis flow

Answer 14

water flows LOW SOLUTE concentration ⇒ HIGH SOLUTE concentrations

Question 15

osmotic pressure

Answer 15

equal to pressure that would stop water flow

Question 16

isotonic solution

Answer 16

same or equal concentration

Question 17

hypotonic solution

Answer 17

lower solute concentration

Question 18

hypertonic solution

Answer 18

higher solute concentration

Question 19

base → conjugate acid

Answer 19

+ 1 hydrogen
+ 1 proton

Question 20

acid → conjugate base

Answer 20

– 1 hydrogen
– 1 proton

Question 21

alkanes

Answer 21

• hydrocarbons
• ”–anes”

Question 22

alkenes

Answer 22

• unsaturated hydrocarbons b/c they don’t contain max # of hydrogen atoms
• has carbon-carbon DOUBLE bond
• ”–enes”

Question 23

alkynes

Answer 23

• unsaturated hydrocarbons b/c they don’t contain max # of hydrogen atoms
• has carbon-carbon TRIPLE bond
• each carbon is bonded to ONE Hydrogen
• ”–ynes”

Question 24

cis isomer

Answer 24

groups are attached on same side of a double bond and H atoms are on other side

Question 25

trans isomer

Answer 25

groups and H atoms are attached on opposite sides of double bond

Question 26

benzene

Answer 26

• aromatic compound
• has a ring of 6 Carbon atoms each bonded to one Hydrogen atom
• flat ring structure drawn w/ 3 alternating double bonds

Question 27

Strong acid =

Answer 27

Stronger acid = higher Ka = more dissociated at equilibrium

Question 28

Weaker acid =

Answer 28

Weaker acid = lower Ka = less dissociated at equilibrium