Exam 4 Flashcards
describe forms
dominant form = SONATA ALLERGO
what is 12 bar blues?
AAB - 12 bar blues
what is AAAA?
strophic form
what is AAB?
12 bar blues
what is AABA?
32 bar song form
what are theme and variations?
AA’A”A”’
describe 32 bar song form
american pop song form, ballad form AABA
what is verse/chorus?
ABABCB
- 8 verses
- 8 bars
- C = BRIDGE
what is ABABCB?
verse/chorus
describe classical symphonic pattern
- fast
- slow
- dance
- fast
SONATA FORM
describe exposition
- first theme in TONIC KEY
- bridge w modulation to new key
- second theme in NEW KEY
- closing section
describe development
- new TREATMENT of themes, modulations to different KEYS
describe recapitulation
RECAP
- first theme in TONIC KEY
- bridge
- second theme in TONIC KEY
- closing section
describe coda
- optional (post script from composer)
describe romantic
- emphasis on SELF EXPRESSION, individuality, and nature
- political
describe self expression
- individual style
- expressive subject material
- expansive and colorful harmony
define program music
the surrounding ENVIRONMENT is referenced
define absolute music
REFERENCES itself.
describe impressionism 1874
- musical style that EMPHASIZES fluidity, impermanence, and CHANGE
- unstable harmony
- started in paris art salons
what happened in the art salons of paris?
it’s where impression originated
where did impressionism originate?
art salons of paris
what describes fluidity, impermanence, and change?
impressionism
describe modernism
- philosophical & cultural movement through the 19th & 20th centuries
- enormous and widespread
- REJECTED ENLIGHTENMENT thinking & religious belief; rejection of tradition
- self conscious; SELF REFERENTIAL
what is atonal?
music that LACKS a tonal center
what is absolute music?
music that references itself
describe 12 tone system
- a system used form of atonality which gives EQUAL IMPORTANCE to each of the 12TWELVE chromatic tone
- 12 tone matrix
what form becomes prominent during the classical period?
sonata allergo!!!!
what would be the TYPICAL classical symphony pattern?
fast, slow, dance, fast
what is a coda?
an optional closing section
AA’ A “ A”’ is?
theme and variation form
what is the beginning section of the sonata-allegro form called?
EXPOSITION
in sonata allergy form, this section transitions theme 1 to theme 2 and modulates to a new key
BRIDGE
AABA form called ballad form of american pop song form is also called?
32 bar song form
this section in SONATA ALLERGO FORM features new treatments of themes and modulations to different keys and is the HEIGHT of the tension…
development!!
in sonata allergo form, the recap features?
- theme 2 in the TONIC KEY (I)
what art movement emphasized self expression, individual style and nature? associated w political stuff.
ROMANTICISM
what is instrumental music associated with a STORY, poem, idea, or scene?
PROGRAM MUSIC!!
what is strophic form?
AAAA
what music style emphasizes FLUIDITY, impermanence, and change?
impressionism!!
what is 12 bar blues?
AAB
what is described as rejectment of tradition?
modernism movement
absolute music ?
REFERENCES itself
describe post modernism
death of modernism (3pm march 16, 1972)
post modernism was a ______ of ?
CRITIQUE OF MODERNISM
who was john cage?
- american composer & music theorist
- leading figure in MODERN & POST MODERN thinking, experimentation, and post war avant-garde
- DEVELOPED AMERICAN MODERN DANCE w partner/choreographer Merce Cunningham
who was Merce Cunningham?
helped to develop AMERICAN MODERN DANCE with THE JOHN CAGE
describe 4’33 (performance)
live performance that is 4 minutes and 33 seconds long. performer(s) sit on stage (with or without instruments) in complete silence.
the music is the sounds FILLING THE EMPTY SPACE (think rain pattering outside a building)
what is prepared piano?
piano that has SOUND ALTERING OBJECTS placed on the strings (bolts, screws, nuts, placed inside)
define aleatoric
music composed by chance
describe I Ching
- book of changes
- chinese DIVINATION text
describe minimalism
- music characterized by STEADY PULSE, clear tonality, and INSISTENT repetition of short. melodic patterns
- often features PHRASES
what is phrasing?
TWO of the same patterns are played at STEADY but NOT identical tempi.
who was Steve Reich?
- developed MINIMALISM w other people who worked or performed w john cage
- DEVELOPED PHRASING
who developed phrasing?
Steve Reich
what is described as a quicker beat/pattern slowly speeding up with a previously identical beat playing simultaneously?
phasing (PHASER SPEEDS UP)
who created the song “the snow is dancing?”
Debussy
who created “A survivor from Warsaw, Op. 46”?
arnold SCHOENBERG
who created Rebonds A?
Iannis Xenakis
who created the Tehillim & The Desert Music?
STEVE REICH/ alarm will sound
who created “First Construction (in metal)”
john cage
who created EINE KLEINE NACHTMUSIK
mozart!!!!
who created “string quartet No. 14, op. 131”?
LUDWIG van BEETHOVEN
who created “sonatas n. 1,2,3,4,5 for PREPARED PIANO”?
JOHN CAGE
who’s music had a weird metallic sound to it?
john cage
what song sounded like snow trickling down with a PIANO being played ?
THE SNOW IS DANCING - DEBUSSY
what song has trumpets and is scary and ominous with drums; has orchestra and bouncing bows off strings. dialogue is played. what song is this?
A SURVIVOR FROM WARSAW OP46 - ARNOLD SCHOENBERG
what song is defined with a solo drummist whose beat slowly builds onto itself?
REBONDS A - IANNIS XENAKIS
which song is characterized with female voices repeating in cycles with bongos and orchestra occasionally chiming in? repeated and overlapping cycles; hallelujah words - what song?
TEHILLIM & THE DESERT MUSIC - STEEEEVE REICH/alarm will sound
what song starts with a METALLIC BAM and is defined with metallic sounds like xylophones, bells, chimes, metal sheets; ANXIETY INDUCING. what song?
first construction (IN METAL) - JOHN CAGE
what song sounds like ethan klein and is well known and upbeat? sounds like tea time and bees.
EINE KLEINE NACHTMUSIK - MOZZARTTT!!
what song sounds sad and soft w lots of vibrato?
string QUARTET no. 14, op. 131 - LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN!!
what song sounds discombobulated with metallic piano sounds? music feels tense w a piano SOLOIST
sonatas n. 1,2,3,4,5 for PREPARED PIANO - JOHN CAGE!!
