Exam 2 Flashcards
What music dominated the medieval period?
Music by the church; sacred and secular music etc.
What is Sacred music?
Music that has a religious connotation and function (christian monks)
How do you describe sacred music?
Mostly vocal, instruments were sparsely used (they were considered distracting to the religious message); music was mostly MONOPHONIC
What is monophonic?
Music containing only ONE melodic line
What is secular music?
NONRELIGIOUS, music from the middle ages. Had french noble composers (and Troubadours, Trouvere, and Troubaritz)
what were the middle ages also known as?
the medieval period
what is Gregorian chant also known as?
Plainchant
what language is gregorian chant/plainchant
melody set to SACRED LATIN texts
who is associated with gregorian chants?
Pope Gregory 1 (The Great)
What did Pope Gregory 1 (The Great) do?
Reorganized and standardized the Catholic liturgy
What does the Mass Ordinary Music include?
Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, and Agnus Dei
What is melisma?
the act of singing MULTIPLE pitches per syllable
What is Dies Irae?
Used in a Requiem (mass for the dead/funeral)
Who was Hildegard von Bingen?
Diplomat, nun, visionary, mystic, appointed saint; wrote poetry and music
Wrote the earliest mortality play and had visions since she was 3years old.
What is a Tessitura ?
The WHOLE pitch range of a piece of music (highest and lowest notes).
What’s the difference between Hildegard’s Tessitura and Gregorians?
Hildegard’s tessitura is MASSIVE whereas Gregorian chant has less range w it’s tessitura.
What’s Troubaritz ?
female troubadour/trouvere
Troubadours were around ?
Southern France (Guillamane IX)
Trouveres were?
Northern France (Chastelain de Couci)
Minstrels had their music composed by who?
composed by the Troubadours and Trouveres.
What are MINSTRELS?
Court entertainers; composed of musicians jugglers, acrobats, and singers
What are Jongleurs?
Wandering Minstrels
Organum (SACRED) was what?
The ADDITIONAL SECOND LINE on top of the original Gregorian chant
Notre Dame is what?
In PARIS, intellectual artistic capital of Europe
Who taught at Notre Dam?
Leonin & Perotin
What does renaissance mean?
Rebirth —> massive changes and the END!!! of the medieval period
Who is Martin Luther?
Lead the protestant revolution and PROTESTED the “indulgences”; was apart of the REBIRTH era of medieval/renaissance europe
Two main styles of indian classical ?
Carnatic (SOUTH) and Hindustani (NORTH)
what’s north indian music?
Hindustani —> starts slow and speeds up
what’s south indian music?
carnatic —> lively and upfront in face
What are The Vedas?
Large body of texts, OLDEST layer of sanskrit literature
The Vedas combined what?
instrumental, vocal, and dance
what is the Samaveda ?
meant to be HEARD ONLY; contains the veda melodies and chants (passed down through oral traditions)
What is Raga?
Indian Classical Scale
What is Raga associated w?
The color of atmosphere; MOODS - love, tranquality, heroism
can depict moods of atmosphere and are very SPECIFIC
What is Alap?
type of SOLO introduction that can be REALLY LONG, and very spiritual and meditative
UNFOLDS AND DISPLAYS the RAGA!
What is Gat?
Rhythm is introduced; MAIN BODY of composition
What is Lehra?
a REPEATED melodic figure (effective for soloing)
What is the Tala?
the time signature
What is the Tihai ?
A rhythmic structure has 3 equal phrases (legs). A type of CADENCE that concludes on SAM.
What is Chakradhar ?
tihai within tihai
What is Sam?
beat ONE of the tala
What is Bols?
spoken syllable; also used to define TALA and RHYTHMIC PATTERNS
Dha, Dhin, Ta, Na, Tira, Kita
Traka, Ghina, Ten, Naghotete
What is Theka?
basic rhythmic phrase of tala
What is Teental?
16 beat cycle, 4 beats of 4 like 4/4
What is the japanese word for drum?
TAIKO
What is a contemporary ensamble version of TRADITIONAL JAPANESE drumming?
Kumidaiko
Japanese word for mallet/stick?
Bachi
THE SONG maru bihag starts with what?
a SCALE (hindustani)
What track is spoken/vocal w hand clapping and Ragas?
Konnakol Duet - by V Shivapriya
What language is the song O VOS IMITATORES sung in? By Hildegard von Bingen
latin and SUNG ONLY BY WOMEN
What song was used in THE SHINING and has Dies Irae undertones?
Symphony Fantastique - Berlioz
(song about being sentenced to death); slightly whimsical sounding w orchestral music
what instruments does A CHANTAR - BEATRIZ DE DÍA have?
flute solo and VIOL, old french (secular), LOTS OF MELISMA
dovetail into flute solo
O Succesores was by who? describe song also
has VIOL, and choir of WOMEN, tessitura is literally off the sheet music charts
What song sounds like typical medieval music?
Douce Dame Jolie - Guillaume Machaut
(old french SECULAR)
How does the SONG Dies Irae go?
Lyrics and octaves bring you DOWN, song about people going to HELL during the RAPTURE
How does Raga Piloo go?
OOOO —> fast with “rainbow” strum in background; listened to on monday
